Effects of sulfur granular compost and nitrogen on yield and yield components of two wheat cultivars, Darya and N8019
Mojtaba
Mahmoudi
Scientific member / Mazandaran Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Center
author
Nasim
Ranjkesh
M.Sc. in Agronomy / Islamic Azad University of Qaemshahr
author
text
article
2017
per
Application of various composts has been intensified in agriculture, due to manifestation of negative effects of chemical fertilizers on environment and soil fertility. However, their usage should be accompanied by environmental and nutritional studies. To study the effects of sulfur granular compost on yield and yield components of two wheat cultivars, a pot experiment was conducted in a completely randomized factorial design with four replications. The first factor was consisted of three levels of nitrogen (0, 25 and 50 mg/kg of soil as urea), the second one was four levels of compost (0, 5, 10 and 15 g/kg of soil) and the third one was cultivars (Darya and N8019). Results showed that the maximum number of grains per spike, spike weight, 100-kernel weight, straw yield and biological yield were obtained in 25 mg N/kg of soil treatment. The greatest grain yield, dry weight, and harvest index were achieved with 50 mg/kg nitrogen. Negative effects were observed in the compost-treated plots, so that the maximum spike length and weight shoot dry weight, straw and biological yield were found in the zero level of compost (control) which showed a decreasing in the mentioned variables with increasing the compost level. Negative response of wheat to the compost is likely related to the C/N ratio and probably to increase the solubility of heavy metals and/or toxic compounds that resulted in reduce or prevent soil biological activities. Both cultivars showed a positive response to the nitrogen treatment. N8019, however, was significantly superior to Darya.
Journal of Soil Management and Sustainable Production
Gorgan University Of Agricultural Sciences
2322-1267
5
v.
4
no.
2017
1
19
https://ejsms.gau.ac.ir/article_2884_8a4ea2ff9e70d1ec422b1016c1598ebe.pdf
Effect of co-inocubation of urban waste compost and three Trichoderma species (Trichoderm spp.) on growth characters and nutrition uptake in gardencress (Lepidium sativum L.)
آلاله
متقیان
کارشناس ارشد، پژوهشکده ژنتیک و زیست فناوری کشاورزی طبرستان، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری
author
همت اله
پیردشتی
هیات علمی
author
محمد علی
بهمنیار
عضو هیئت علمی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری
author
بهاره
متقیان
دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد
author
text
article
2017
per
In order to investigate the effects of municipal waste compost and benefit fungi of Trichoderma species on seedling emergence parameters, growth and some micronutrients uptake of garden cress a pot experiment was carried out in factorial arrangement based on randomized complete block design with 3 replications. Treatments consisted of three levels of municipal waste compost (15, 30, 45 Mg ha-1 alone and plus 50% chemical fertilizer), recommended chemical fertilizer (100 kg ha-1 of urea, potassium sulfate and triple super phosphate) and a check (no compost or chemical fertilizer application) and three Trichoderma species (T. viridae, T. harzianum, T. hamatum). Analysis of data showed that application of 15 Mg ha-1 enriched compost and inoculation of soil with Trichoderma harzianum species have promoted final emergence percentage, field emergence rate and cumulative emergence rate. In the current experiment, the 30 and 45 Mg ha-1enrriched municipal waste compost increased fresh and dry weight of aerial part (up to 21%) and plant height as well as root length (up to 16%) compared to chemical fertilizer alone. Also, T. harzianum fungi increased fresh and length of plant root (20 and 5.30%, respectively) compared to T. viridae.
Journal of Soil Management and Sustainable Production
Gorgan University Of Agricultural Sciences
2322-1267
5
v.
4
no.
2017
21
40
https://ejsms.gau.ac.ir/article_2885_c80d043f1ea14e236a03dbd81d65bd42.pdf
Interactive effect of iron and lead on growth and their uptake in Cress (Lepidium sativum L.)
Esmael
Dordipour
Asociate Prof. in Soil Sci. Dept., Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources
author
Mohammad
Alidadi Khaliliha
Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources.
author
Mojtaba
Barani Motlagh
Soil Sci. Dept., Faculty of Water and Soil, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Basij Sq., Gorgan, Iran.
author
text
article
2017
per
Background and Objectives: Soil pollution with heavy metals because of its damaging effects on the environment, including human health threat, toxicity in plants and long-term effects on soil fertility have become a global concern. Lead is the most common heavy metals in polluted areas that enter to ecosystems, plants and the food chain from various sources. As a non-essential element for plants, lead inhibits not only photosynthesis, changes enzyme activities, hormonal status and respiration but also plant growth, metabolism and mineral nutrient balance. It has been demonstrated that heavy metals, like lead, can significantly influence the uptake and translocation of some nutrients in plants. Thus, the imbalance of nutrients might be a symptom of heavy metal toxicity in plants. Thereby, interactions between lead and mineral nutrients may provide a specific insight into the role of mineral nutrients in lead accumulation and translocation in plants. Iron is the micronutrient most often found to be deficient in plants. Among the nutrients showing interactions with heavy metals, Fe is one of the most frequently concerned in many respects. Heavy metals influence Fe availability and adsorption in the root apoplasm, uptake into root cells, transport to the shoot and utilization in leaves. In turn, Fe deficiency may also modify heavy metal uptake and accumulation. The objective of this study was to investigate the interactive effect of iron and lead on cress (Lepidium sativum L.) growth.Materials and Methods: For this, a factorial pot experiment in a completely randomized design with three iron levels (0, 20 and 40 mg kg-1) and three lead levels (0, 500 and 1000 mg kg-1) was carried out in triplicate. Lead and iron treatments were applied from lead nitrate and iron sequestrene-138 sources, respectively. Results: The results showed that shoot fresh and dry weights, SPAD value, Fe content and uptake and lead translocation index of cress decreased with the increase of lead content in the soil (p≤0.01), but the lead content and uptake increased (p≤0.01). The increase of soil iron content significantly increased the shoot dry weights (p≤0.01), SPAD value and iron content and uptake (p≤0.05) and caused a significant decrease in the lead content, uptake (p≤0.01) and translocation index (p≤0.05). Interactive effect of iron and lead indicated that iron application along with lead significantly increased the shoot dry weight of cress (p≤ 0.05) and significantly decreased the lead content and uptake of cress (p≤ 0.05). Conclusion: Iron plays an important role in reducing the adverse effects of lead in the cress. Hence, Applying 40 mg kg-1 of Fe as iron sequestrene-138 to reduce the adverse effects of lead on the cress recommended.
Journal of Soil Management and Sustainable Production
Gorgan University Of Agricultural Sciences
2322-1267
5
v.
4
no.
2017
41
59
https://ejsms.gau.ac.ir/article_2886_b30e235b9f6b3a8faae6b4f05ff09843.pdf
Effects of different Tillage method on Wheat yield and soil physical properties in Wheat – Fallow Rotation in Kurdistan
hassan
ghasemi mobtaker
عضو باشگاه پژوهشگران جوان و نخبگان دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد تبریز.
author
نصرتاله حیدرپور
حیدرپور
گچساران- شیراز ایستگاه تحقیقات دیم گچساران
author
وفا
توشیح
سنندج مرکز تحقیقات کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان کردستان
author
text
article
2017
per
In order to investigation on effect of different tillage methods on Wheat yield and soil physical and chemical properties in wheat - fallow rotation, This experiment is conducting by Randomized Completed Block Design with 4 replications and 5 treatments in Station of Ghamloo (Kurdistan) in 2 phases for 3 years since 2004. The tillage treatments were: Chisel plow in fall +sweep in spring (A1); Non moldboard plow + sweep in spring (A2); No tillage in fall + Herbicide in spring (A3); No tillage in fall + sweep in spring (A4); Check (Moldboard plow in spring) (A5). In all of treatments, variety of Azar 2 with grain drill was planted equally. The results of combined variance analysis revealed that the wheat yield and components in different years were different in order to difference in rate and distribution of precipitation and cold rate of weather in different years. The product yield in the first year (1963 kg ha-1) was the highest. Effect of tillage treatments on wheat quantity and quality and also yield components was significant, So that, the highest amounts of almost measured factors, obtained from treatment (A3).
Journal of Soil Management and Sustainable Production
Gorgan University Of Agricultural Sciences
2322-1267
5
v.
4
no.
2017
61
77
https://ejsms.gau.ac.ir/article_2887_836a02ca890c422e42fee1a2a3064ea5.pdf
Organic P fractions in a calcareous soil ...
مریم
معینی
دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد- گروه علوم و مهندسی خاک- دانشگاه شهید باهنر کرمان
author
مجید
حجازی مهریزی
عضو هیأت علمی - گروه علوم و مهندسی خاک- دانشگاه شهید باهنر کرمان
author
اعظم
جعفری
عضو هیأت علمی- گروه علوم و مهندسی خاک- دانشگاه شهید باهنر کرمان
author
text
article
2017
per
Organic amendments are an excellent source of phosphorus (P) for plant production in sustainable agriculture. This paper describes the short term (100 days) effects of sewage sludge (SS), cow manure (CM) and poultry manure (PM) on the soil organic P (OP) fractions and their availability to wheat in a calcareous soil of Kerman Province . The experiment was arranged on a completely random design consisting of control (with no P fertilizer) and two levels (2 and 4%) of SS, CM and PM in four replications. Organic amendments markedly (pCM>PM. A significant correlation were observed between labile organic P with soil available P (r=0.92**), P uptake by wheat (r=0.92**) as well as between MLOP and shoot dry weight (r=0.96**), showing that labile and moderately labile organic P fractions have more contributors to available P than the others. These results suggest that adding of organic amendments can increase P availability and plant growth due to increase in soil OP fractions especially labile and moderately labile organic P fractions.
Journal of Soil Management and Sustainable Production
Gorgan University Of Agricultural Sciences
2322-1267
5
v.
4
no.
2017
79
95
https://ejsms.gau.ac.ir/article_2888_aa0a96260d52f9f2d55c3cba030f20dc.pdf
Effect of elevated atmospheric CO2 on cadmium uptake by wheat and sorghum
'گلاره
خانبلوکی
دانشجو
author
حسین
میرسیدحسینی
هیئت علمی
author
بابک
متشرع زاده
هیئت علمی
author
text
article
2017
per
One of the outcomes of the industrial development has been the increase in CO2 levels in the atmosphere. This study was aimed to investigate the effects of different levels of CO2 and cadmium on growth and cadmium uptake by wheat and sorghum. A greenhouse experiment was carried out with pots contained 3.5 kg soils and in split factorial design. Treatments included four levels of cadmium (0,10, 20 and 40 mgCd kg-1soil) (from Cd(NO3)2) and two levels of CO2 (400 and 900 µL/L ). The results indicated that increasing CO2 levels, enhanced maximum shoot and root dry weight by 26% and 17% for wheat and 18% and 13% for sorghum, respectively. Increasing CO2 levels did not have any effect on Cd uptake by wheat but increased Cd uptake by 37-44% in shoot and 26-37% in root for sorghum. Phytoremediation indices were calculated based on the effect of increasing CO2 level on plant dry matter and Cd uptake. Although, Bio Concentration Factor, Biological Accumulation Coefficient and Tolerance Index were all less than unit, but with increase in CO2 levels these indexes and Remediation Ratio increased for sorghum. Therefore, increasing CO2 levels can decrease the undesirable effects of Cd on wheat, however it should be accounted for in terms of food safety for human and animals in the case of sorghum.
Journal of Soil Management and Sustainable Production
Gorgan University Of Agricultural Sciences
2322-1267
5
v.
4
no.
2017
97
113
https://ejsms.gau.ac.ir/article_2894_c73247239d3e5b94ab04eab50dc1768b.pdf
Evaluation of effects of Azotobacter, Azospirillum and Psedomunas inoculation
and spraying time of nitrogen on fertilizer use efficiency and growth of Triticale
RAOUF
SHARIFI
SCINTIFIC MEMBER
author
حسین
کمری
دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی
author
fereshteh
lotfollah
university of mohaghegh ardabili
author
text
article
2017
per
In order to study the effects of Azotobacter, Azospirillum and Psedomunas inoculation and spraying time of nitrogen on fertilizer use efficiency and growth of Triticale, a factorial experiment was conducted based on randomized complete block design with three replications in research farm of the Faculty of Agriculture, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili in 2012. Treatments were: seed inoculation with plant growth promoting rhizobacteria in four levels containing (without inoculation as control, seed inoculation with Azotobacter chroococcum strain 5, Azospirillum lipoferum strain OF, Psedomunas putida strain 9 and spraying nitrogen fertilizer in four levels (without spraying as control, spraying in boot stage, ear emergence, grain filling period) from urea. Results indicated that spraying of nitrogen fertilizerseed inoculation with PGPR had significant effects on growth indices, yield and yield components at 0.01 probability level. The highest values of total dry matter, crop growth rate, and relative growth rate and leaf area index were observed in Inoculated plants with Azotobacter chroococcum × nitrogen spraying in boot stage and the lowest they were recorded in non seed inoculation and without spraying. Maximum of yield and yield components, fertilizer use efficiency were obtained in seed inculation with Azotobacter chroococcum × nitrogen spraying in boot stage. It seems that in order to increasing theses traits, it can be suggested that be applied nitrogen spraying in boot stage × seed inoculation with Azotobacter
Journal of Soil Management and Sustainable Production
Gorgan University Of Agricultural Sciences
2322-1267
5
v.
4
no.
2017
115
132
https://ejsms.gau.ac.ir/article_2889_18df610fade8e7a10e08c55de2482b7c.pdf
Heavy Metals Bio-availablity (Zn, Cd, Ni, Cu, and Pb) in Sediments of Abshineh River
Hamed
Arfania
Urmia University
author
فرخ
اسدزاده
استادیار گروه علوم خاک دانشگاه ارومیه
author
text
article
2017
per
Heavy metals added to an aquatic system by natural and anthropogenic sources during their transport, are distributed between different compartments of ecosystems such as water and sediment. Meausrement of bioavailabity and mobility are required in order to understand the behavior of heavy metals in sediments and to prevent potential toxic hazards. Seventeen surface sediment samples were collected from 0-10 cm depth of rivers Abshineh and analyzed for total and bioavailable concentrations of zinc (Zn), cadmium (Cd), nickel (Ni), copper (Cu), and lead (Pb). Average total (± Standard Deviation) Zn, Cd, Ni, Cu, and Pb concentrations of the sediments were 93.08±20.66, 1.24±0.63, 57.72±13.08, 19.23±7.62, and 52.47±8.52 mg kg-1, respectively. The sediments were polluted with respect to Cd and Pb to some extent. Total metals concentrations were correlated with sediment physical and chemical properties. EC, organic matter, CEC, and clay were sediment parameters that showed significant positive correlations with total heavy metals concentrations indicating that heavy metals concentrations are controlled by sediments grain size. There is a highly significant correlation exit between bioavailable and total Zn and Cu which can be due to the common sources of introduction to the river. Percent of DTPA-extractable Cd was much higher than the others, which suggests that possible mobility of this metal from exchgeable phase. The bioavailability of the five studied metals from Abshined probably decline in the following order: Cd > Cu > Pb > Ni = Zn.
Journal of Soil Management and Sustainable Production
Gorgan University Of Agricultural Sciences
2322-1267
5
v.
4
no.
2017
133
146
https://ejsms.gau.ac.ir/article_2890_3f4f2694e19bb318ae0c57364348bf77.pdf
Analysis of uncertainty of a soil map using taxonomic adjacency and pedodiversity indices
Isa
Esfandiarpour Borujeni
عضو هیأت علمی
author
محسن
باقری بداغ آبادی
دانشآموختهی دکترای علوم خاک، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شهرکرد
author
text
article
2017
per
Soil classes are usually separated by arbitrary threshold values for soil properties. Based on the concepts of taxonomic adjacency and pedodiversity, this paper compares the potential variability and uncertainty associated with arbitrary boundaries or defined thresholds for soil classification criteria in both Soil Taxonomy and WRB systems. After preparing the geopedologic soil map (1:50,000 scale) for part of the Lalehzar region (Kerman province), based on the separated soil classes in both the mentioned classification systems, the taxonomic adjacency matrix of studied soils is prepared using algebraic graph theory. Then, the largest eigenvalue of the matrix (the spectral radius) was used for calculating taxonomic adjacency index of soil map of the region. Besides, the diversity of the soils of the area was calculated using Shannon diversity index and is compared with the taxonomic adjacency index. Results showed that the Soil Taxonomy criteria have greater degree of uncertainty in the classification of the soils of the studied area compared to the WRB system. Comparison of the taxonomic adjacency index results with those of the Shannon diversity index in showing the diversity of the soils indicated that the WRB system has acted more accurately than the Soil Taxonomy system.
Journal of Soil Management and Sustainable Production
Gorgan University Of Agricultural Sciences
2322-1267
5
v.
4
no.
2017
147
160
https://ejsms.gau.ac.ir/article_2891_9899774254abc00946b17a40cc1741ec.pdf
Boron Adsorption on Biotite: Effects of pH, Ionic Strength and Nature of Background Solution
محسن
حمید پور
دانشگاه ولی عصر رفسنجان
author
فریده
زارع پور رفسنجانی
دانشگاه ولی عصر رفسنجان
author
text
article
2017
per
Knowledge about factors affecting boron adsorption by minerals commonly found in soils of arid and semiarid areas may help us in management and reclamation of boron polluted soils. The main objective of this study was to investigate the adsorption characteristics of biotite for boron in batch experiments. The adsorption of boron on the adsorbent was studied as a function of pH in the range of 6.5-9.0 with two boron concentrations of 5 mg L-1 and 15 mg L-1. To study the effect of cations and ionic strength on boron adsorption, Mg(NO3)2, Ca(NO3)2 and NaNO3 background electrolytes at three concentration levels (0.03, 0.09 and 0.18 M) were used. Adsorption isotherms were derived by adsorption of boron from solutions containing different concentrations in the range of 1-15 mgL-1 using a 24h batch equilibration. Results showed that the amount of boron adsorption increased with increasing equilibrium pH and ionic strength of solution. Boron adsorption increased from 1.28 mmol kg-1 to 2.64 mmol kg-1 as the ionic strength of solution increased from 0.03 M to 0.18 M. Greater adsorption was observed in the presence of Ca2+ and Mg2+ions as compared with Na+ ions at the same concentrations. Adsorption isotherms of boron were well described by the Freundlich and Langmuir isotherms. Maximum boron adsorption capacity (qmax) of biotite was obtained to be 27.2 mmol kg-1. The experimental data showed that less than 6% of initial boron concentration was adsorbed by biotite. Thus, it seems that this mineral has not a reasonable adsorption capacity for B.
Journal of Soil Management and Sustainable Production
Gorgan University Of Agricultural Sciences
2322-1267
5
v.
4
no.
2017
161
173
https://ejsms.gau.ac.ir/article_2892_e16b36459ceb9b31955520688c42b732.pdf
Bio-refining effect of silicon on cadmium and lead in plant tissues Spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.)
Moazam
Ghasemi
- Phd student in department of agronomy, Islamic azad university, Tehran Science and Research Branch . Iran.
author
Hamidreza
Mobasser
Assistant professor in department of agronomy, Islamic azad university, Qaemshahr Branch, Iran.
author
حوا
پورمند
دانشجو
author
داود
اکبری نودهی
استادیار گروه زراعت دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد قائمشهر.
author
text
article
2017
per
In order to investigation the use of bio-refining of silicon on cadmium and lead in spinach, in the pot experiment Qaemshahr Agriculture University in 2012 as a completely randomized design with four replications. Treatment include silicon (150mg/kg of Potassium silicon), Pb (100 mg/kg of chloride) ,Cd (100 mg/kg of chloride),silicon+Pb, silicon+Cd and control as used soil. The results showed that the use of silicon,Pb accumulation in shoot and roots decreased (34/4 ,65/2 percents) and also Cd accumulation in shoot and roots decreased (25/7 , 37/0 percents) respectively. The lowest shoot and root lengh was with Cd and Pb application, that less than in comparison with control(42/4 , 27/8 percents) respectively. At least bush fresh weight obtained with Pb and Cd separate application and silicon and Cd joint application . results this experiment can reception that silicon application caused the decrease Cd and Pb accumulation in shoot and root spinach plant.
Journal of Soil Management and Sustainable Production
Gorgan University Of Agricultural Sciences
2322-1267
5
v.
4
no.
2017
175
184
https://ejsms.gau.ac.ir/article_2893_6b60b88290cf11f49f8c0a19e1cb32bf.pdf