اثر کاربرد سرباره مس همراه با ترکیبات آلی بر آهن قابل عصاره‌گیری به وسیله DTPA و برخی ویژگی-های یک خاک آهکی

نوع مقاله : مقاله کامل علمی پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان

2 دانشکده مهندسی عمران، دانشگاه صنعتی سیرجان.

چکیده

سابقه و هدف: کمبود آهن یکی از شایع‌ترین مشکلات تغذیه گیاه در خاک‌های مناطق خشک و نیمه خشک به‌ویژه خاک‌های آهکی می‌باشد. ازآنجایی که حدود 8/53 درصد سرباره را اکسیدهای آهن به خود اختصاص می‌دهند، امکان کاربرد آن را به عنوان کود تقویت می‌کند. استفاده از سرباره مس از محصولات فرعی مجتمع مس سرچشمه با ترکیبات آلی به عنوان منبع تأمین‌کننده آهن در یک خاک آهکی مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفت. هدف این تحقیق مطالعه انکوباسیونی تأثیر سرباره مس و ترکیبات آلی بر میزان آهن قابل عصاره‌گیری به وسیله DTPA و برخی ویژگی‌های یک خاک آهکی بود.
مواد و روش‌ها: به‌منظور بررسی تأثیر سرباره بر آهن قابل جذب خاک، آزمایش انکوباسیونی به مدت 3 ماه به‌صورت آزمایش فاکتوریل خرد شده در زمان در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی با سه تکرار انجام شد. فاکتورهای آزمایشی شامل 5 سطح ماده آلی (پوست پسته (P2 و P4)، کود گاوی (C2 و C4) در دو سطح 2 و 4 درصد وزنی و نمونه شاهد (C)) و 10سطح آهن (سرباره مس(S2 و S4)، سرباره مس با گوگرد(S2S° و S4S°)، سرباره مس با گوگرد و تیوباسیلوس (S2S°T و S4S°T)، سرباره اسیدی (S2a و S4a) (به میزان 2 و 4 برابر مقدار توصیه آزمون خاک) کلات سکوسترین (Seq) و نمونه شاهد (S0) بودند. در زمان‌های 10، 30، 60 و 90 روز بعد از انکوباسیون تغییرات پارامترهایی نظیر pH، EC و مقدار آهن با عصاره‌گیر DTPA-TEA اندازه‌گیری شدند.
یافته‌ها: نتایج نشان داد با اعمال تیمارهای ترکیبات آلی در طول زمان انکوباسیون از قابلیت جذب آهن کاسته شده است. نتایج نشان داد در طی دوره انکوباسیون سه ماهه تیمارهای سرباره منجر به افزایش EC خاک‌ها شدند. بیش‌ترین مقدار افزایش EC مربوط به تیمار سرباره به میزان 4 برابر مقدار توصیه آزمون خاک برحسب آهن قابل جذب این ترکیب همراه با گوگرد و تیوباسیلوس S4S°T با مقدار 21/2 دسی زیمنس بر متر در پایان دوره انکوباسیون است. در نمونه خاک مورد مطالعه متناسب با مقدار مصرف سرباره، مقدار آهن قابل عصاره‌گیری با DTPAافزایش یافت. هر چند در طول دوره انکوباسیون از قابلیت جذب آهن کاسته شد، اما با این وجود مقدار آهن پس از گذشت 90 روز از شروع انکوباسیون در تیمارهای S4S°T،S4S°، S4در مقایسه با شاهد افزایش معنی‌دار یافت. اثر بر هم کنش تیمارهای سرباره و ترکیبات آلی نشان داد بیش‌ترین مقدارEC و کم‌ترین مقدار pH مربوط به تیمار 4 درصد کود گاوی با سرباره همراه با گوگرد و تیوباسیلوس بود. این در حالی بود که مقدار آهن قابل جذب در خاک از 43/1 میلی-گرم در کیلوگرم در تیمار شاهدCS° به مقدار 17/8 میلی‌گرم در کیلوگرم در تیمار 4 درصد پوست پسته با سرباره به میزان 4 برابر مقدار توصیه آزمون خاک همراه با گوگرد و تیوباسیلوس (P4S4S°T) رسـید.
نتیجه‌گیری: ترکیبات آلی در طول زمان انکوباسیون منجر به کاهش آهن در مقایسه با نمونه شاهدشدند. سرباره حاصل از ذوب مس دارای عناصـر غذایی کـم مصرف از جمله آهن می‌باشد به طوری که در سطوح بالای مصرف سرباره، مقدار آهن افزایش یافت، هم چنین استفاده از تیمار 4 درصد پوست پسته با سرباره به میزان 4 برابر مقدار توصیه آزمون خاک همراه با گوگرد و تیوباسیلوس (P4S4S°T)، بیش‌ترین مقدار آهن قابل جذب را در پی داشت، لذا سرباره پتانسیل استفاده به عنوان یک منبع آهن را برای گیاهان دارد.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

The effect of copper slag application along with organic compounds on DTPA extractable Iron and some properties of a calcareous soil

نویسندگان [English]

  • Elham Mirparizi 1
  • Mojtaba Baranimotlagh 1
  • Seyed Alireza MovahediNaein 1
  • Reza Ghorbani Nasrabadi 1
  • Bakhtiari Somayeh 2
1 Department of Soil Science, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources
2 Department of civil engineering, Sirjan University of technology
چکیده [English]

Background and objectives: Iron deficiency is one of the most common problems in the plant nutrition in arid and semi-arid regions soil, especially calcareous soil. Since iron oxides account for about 53.8% of the slag, it can be used as a fertilizer. The use of copper slag of Sarcheshmeh Copper Complex sub-products was evaluated with organic compounds as the source of iron supply in calcareous soil. The purpose of this study was to study the effect of copper slag and organic compounds on the amount of extractable iron by DTPA and some characteristics of calcareous soil.
Materials and methods: In order to investigate the effect of slag on soil absorbable iron, an incubation test was performed for 3 months as a factorial experiment in a completely randomized design with three replications. The experimental factors consisted of 5 levels of organic matter (pistachio shell, cow manure 2 and 4% w / w and control sample) and 10 iron levels (copper slag, copper slag with sulfur, copper slag with sulfur and Thiobacillus, acid slag (each at two levels), Chelate Sequestrene and control sample). 10, 30, 60 and 90 days after incubation, changes in parameters such as pH, EC and iron content were measured by DTPA-TEA extractor.
Results: The results showed that by applying the organic compounds' treatments during the incubation time reduced the iron extraction capability. The results showed that during the three-month incubation period, slag treatments increased soil EC. The highest amount of EC increase in slag treatment is 4 times the recommended value of the soil test based on the absorbable iron content of this compound with sulfur and Thiobacillus S4S°T at 2.21 dS / m at the end of the incubation period. In the soil sample studied, proportional to the amount of slag, the amount of iron extracted by DTPA increased. However, during the incubation period, the iron extraction capability was reduced; however, the amount of iron increased significantly after 90 days from the beginning of incubation in S4S°T and S4S°، S4 treatments compared with the control. The interaction effect of slag treatments and organic compounds showed that the highest amount of EC and the lowest pH were related to 4% cow manure application with slag with sulfur and Thiobacillus. Meanwhile, the amount of absorbable iron in the soil from 1.43 mg / kg in the control treatment of CS° reached 8.17 mg / kg in the treatment of 4% pistachio shell as 4 times of the recommended value of the soil test with sulfur and Thiobacillus (P4S4S°T).
Conclusion: Organic compounds during the incubation period led to a reduction in iron compared to the control sample. Slag of copper smelting has nutrient micro-elements, including iron, so that at high levels of slag consumption, the amount of iron increased, as well as the use of slag with sulfur, Thiobacillus and pistachio shell had the most amount of absorbable iron As a result, slag has the potential to be used as an iron source for plants.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Calcareous soil
  • Copper slag
  • Organic compounds
  • Soil available iron
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