آلودگی عناصر سنگین در خاک‌های توسعه یافته روی سنگ‌های آذرین و رسوبی شمال غرب آذربایجان غربی

نوع مقاله : مقاله کامل علمی پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار گروه مهندسی و فناوری کشاورزی، دانشگاه پیامنور، تهران، ایران،

2 دانش آموخته گروه خاکشناسی، دانشگاه صنعتی اصفهان،

3 استاد گروه خاکشناسی، دانشگاه صنعتی اصفهان

چکیده

سابقه و هدف: مقدار عناصر در خاک متأثر از مقدار آنها در ماده مادری و فرآیندهای ژئوشیمیایی و خاکسازی می‌باشد. مطالعات زیادی در مورد غلظت عناصر سنگین در مواد مادری مختلف و خاک‌های تشکیل شده از آنها در دنیا انجام شده‌ است. میانگین غلظت این عناصر در خاک‌ها تا حد زیادی مشابه میانگین غلظت آنها در مواد مادری می‌باشد و تفاوت بین غلظت عناصر در مواد مادری و خاک‌های تشکیل شده از آنها در شرایط طبیعی، نتیجه فرآیندهای خاکسازی می‌باشد. آلودگی خاک توسط فلزات سنگین در هر منطقه‌ای متأثر از مکان و تقریباً دائمی است، در این مطالعه به بررسی مقدار عناصر کمیاب در خاک‌های سطحی با مواد مادری متفاوت در شمال غرب آذربایجان غربی پرداخته شده است.
مواد و روش‌ها: غلظت برخی از عناصر کمیاب در 105 نمونه خاک سطحی از 8 توده سنگی مختلف در شمال غرب استان آذربایجان غربی (گرانیت، آندزیت، بازالت، اولترابازیک، مارن و ماسه سنگ، سازند قم، آهک و شیل) از موقعیت شیب پشتی و همچنین نمونه‌های سنگ پس از هضم با اسید نیتریک 5 نرمال توسط دستگاه جذب اتمی تعیین شد. از شاخص زمین انباشتگی (Igeo) برای تخمین آلودگی خاک به فلزات سنگین استفاده شد.
یافته‌ها: بیشترین مقدار رس در خاک‌های حاصل از آندزیت و بازالت و سپس سنگ‌های رسوبی مشاهده شد. در سنگ مادری آندزیت بیشترین مقادیر آهن (mg/kg 25/27231)، منگنز (mg/kg 730)، مس (mg/kg 5/28) و روی (mg/kg 25/50) کل مشاهده شد. بیشترین مقادیر نیکل (mg/kg 50/1937) کبالت (mg/kg 50/92) و کروم (mg/kg 786) در سنگ مادری اولترابازیک می‌باشد. بیشترین غلظت آهن کل در خاک‌های توسعه‌یافته روی سنگ مادری اولترابازیک (mg/kg 42/22062) و کمترین مقدار در خاک‌های توسعه یافته روی مواد مادری سازند قم (mg/kg 42/6885) مشاهده شد. غلظت‌های زیاد منگنز در خاک‌های توسعه یافته روی مواد مادری آذرین مشاهده شد. حداکثر غلظت مس کل در خاک‌های حاصل از آندزیت (mg/kg 17/53) و حداکثر میانگین غلظت روی کل در خاک‌های حاصل از سنگ گرانیت با mg/kg 75/67 مشاهده شد. بیشترین مقدار نیکل (mg/kg 1667)، کبالت (mg/kg 89/94) و کروم ( mg/kg09/304) در خاک‌های توسعه یافته روی مواد مادری اولترابازیک مشاهده شد. همبستگی مثبت و معنی‌داری بین غلظت آهن، منگنز، مس، نیکل، کبالت، و کروم در سطح احتمال یک درصد و برای روی در سطح احتمال 05/0 درصد در خاک و مواد مادری مشاهده شد.
نتیجه‌گیری: مواد مادری منشاء مهم ورود عناصر کمیاب در خاک‌های منطقه می‌باشد و آلودگی آهن در خاک‌های منطقه با توجه به مقدار آهن در خاک‌های جهانی مشاهده نشد، ولی برخی از خاک‌ها به عنصر منگنز آلوده‌اند. همچنین بیشتر خاک‌های منطقه به عنصر نیکل و حدود نیمی از خاک‌ها به عناصر کروم و کبالت طبق استاندارد خاک‌های ایران آلوده‌اند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Heavy metal contamination in soils developed on igneous and sedimentary rocks in northwest of west Azarbaijan province.

نویسندگان [English]

  • Maryam Yousefifard 1
  • Vali Adman 2
  • Shamsollah Aubi 3
1 Assistant Professor of Agriculture Engineering and Technology Department, College of Agriculture, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran
2 Soil Science Department, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Respectively
چکیده [English]

Heavy metals contamination in soils developed on igneous and sedimentary rocks in northwest of west Azarbaijan province.

Abstract

Background and Objectives: Amount of elements in soil affected by parent materials and geochemical and pedogenesis processes. Many studies done about heavy metals concentration in different parent materials and developed soils on them in the world. Mean concentration of elements in soils are similar to mean concentration of them in parent materials, mostly. Difference between element concentrations in parent material and soils developed on them in natural conditions, is derived from pedogenesis processes. Due to the soil pollution with heavy metals is almost permanent and local in any region, this research done about trace element concentration in surface soils with different parent materials in northwest of west Azarbaijan province.

Materials and Methods: Concentration of some trace elements in 105 surface soil samples developed on 8 different rock mass (Granite, Andesite, Basalt, Ultrabasic, Marl and sand stone, Ghom formation, Lime and Shale) from back slope position, and also their concentration in rock samples in northwest of west Azarbaijan was determined by atomic absorption method. Geo- accumulation index used to estimation of soil contamination to heavy metals.

Results: Highest amount of clay was observed in soils derived from Andesite and Basalt and then sedimentary rocks. Highest amount of total Fe (27231.25 mg/kg), Mn (730 mg/kg), Cu (28.5 mg/kg) and Zn (50.25 mg/kg) was observed in Andesite rock. Total Ni (1937.50 mg/kg), Co (92.50 mg/kg) and Cr (786 mg/kg) is more in ultrabasic rock compared to other rocks. The highest and least concentration of soil total Fe was observed in soils developed on ultrabasic (22062.42 mg/kg) and Ghom formation (6885.42 mg/kg) parent materials, respectively. High Mn concentration is in soils derived from igneous rocks. The highest of Cu (53.17 mg/kg) and Zn (67.75 mg/kg) concentration was observed in soils developed on Andesite and Granite rocks, respectively. Amount of Ni (1667 mg/kg), Co (94.89 mg/kg) and Cr (304.09 mg/kg) in soils derived from ultrabasic parent material is more than others. Positive and significant correlation was observed between studied trace elements in soils and parent materials.
Conclusion: Significance of the entry of trace elements in region soils is parent materials. Fe pollution in soils was not observed compared to global soils, but some of soils were infected to Mn element. Also, most soils were affected to Ni and about of half of them to Cr and Co in the region according to Iran̕̕̕ʼs standard.

Keywords: Contamination, Trace elements, Igneous rock, Sedimentary rock, Surface soil.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Contamination
  • Trace elements
  • Igneous rock
  • Sedimentary rock
  • Surface soil

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مجله مدیریت خاک و تولید پایدار
دوره 9، شماره 2
تیر 1398
صفحه 103-119

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