Response of grain yield and other agronomic characteristics of two native and high- yield rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivars to nitrogen fertilizer rate in Rasht.

Document Type : Complete scientific research article

Abstract

Background and Objectives: Nitrogen makes up about 2 to 5% of the dry matter and its insufficient restricts the yield of crops such as rice more than other mineral nutrients. High demand of crops to nitrogen, decreasing the soil nitrogen supply, high potential of nitrogen loss and also considerable increase in yield potential of new cultivars of rice has led to significant increase in nitrogen fertilizer application in the production of rice and other crops. Therefore, optimizing the rate of nitrogen fertilizer application is one of the important management strategies for yield improvement, reducing the costs of production and maintaining the quality of environment.

Material and Methods: To investigate the response of grain yield and other important agronomic characteristics to fertilizer nitrogen rate, and to determine the optimum fertilizer nitrogen rate in two native and improved (high-yield) rice cultivars, an experiment was conducted at research field of Rice Research Institute of Iran located in Rasht in 2013. The experiment was carried out in a randomized complete block design as a factorial experiment with four replications that rice cultivar (native cultivar Hashemi and high-yield cultivar Sepidrood) and fertilizer N rate (0, 40, 80, 120, 160 kg ha-1 of urea fertilizer) were experimental factors.
Results: Analysis of variance showed a significant effect of cultivar, fertilizer N rate and their interactions on the grain and biological yield. Results showed that grain yield was variable from 1.92 ton per ha in control to 5.5 ton per ha in 120 kg N ha treatment in Hashemi cultivar and grain yield was varied from 4.13 ton per ha in control to 8.87 in 160 kg N ha treatment in Sepidroud cultivar. The results of regression analysis showed a different response of grain yield to increase in nitrogen fertilizer rate in two rice cultivars. The results also showed a significant linear relationship between the nitrogen fertilizer rate (X) and grain (Y = 4418.5 + 29.3X, R2= 0.97) and biological (Y = 7344.0 + 74.9X, R2= 0.99) yield (Y) in Sepidroud, while, quadratic equation had more accuracy to describe the relationship between the nitrogen fertilizer rate and grain (Y=1.6221+ 0.0344x -8E-05x2) and biological (Y= 2.5107+ 0.0973x- 0.0002x2) yield in native cultivar (Hashemi).
Conclusion: The results of this experiment showed that in both Hashemi native and Speedroud high-yield cultivars, the amount of fertilizer nitrogen affects grain yield, significantly. The average grain yield of Hashemi was increased by increasing the amount of fertilizer nitrogen up to 120 kg N per hectare, but increasing the amount of nitrogen fertilizer from 120 to 160 kg per hectare reduced the grain yield. However, increasing nitrogen fertilizer rate from 0 to160 kg per hectare led to linear increase in grain yield in Sepidrood cultivar. These results indicate the inability of the soil to supply crop nitrogen requirements and the necessity of the use of fertilizer nitrogen to achieve high yields, more effective use of fertilizer nitrogen in Sepidrood, and more fertilizer nitrogen rate in this cultivar to maximize grain yield. Based on these results, it is likely to achieve higher yields than maximum yield obtained in this study using fertilizer nitrogen more than 160 kg per hectare.

Keywords

References

1.Ashrafi, H., Siyadat, A., Bakhshandeh, A., Alami Saeaid, Kh., and Gilani, A. 2013. Effect of
different levels of nitrogen fertilizer on yield and yield components of high yielding cultivars
and hybrid (Bahar 1) rice in Ahwaz region. Agron. J. (Pajouhesh and Sazandegi). 99: 10-17.
(In Persian)
2.Bindra, A.D., Kalia, B.D., and Kumar, S. 2000. Effect of nitrogen levels and dates of
transplanting on grows, yield and yield attributes of scented rice. Advance Agriculture
Research. Indian. 10: 45-48.
3.Chaturvedi, I. 2005. Effect of nitrogen fertilizers on growth, yield and quality of hybrid rice
(Oryza sativa). J. Cen. Europ. Agric. 4: 611-618.
4.Eagle, J.J., Bird, A., Hil, J.E., Horwath, W.R., and Kessel, C.V. 2001. Nitrogen dynamics and
fertilizer use efficiency in rice following straw incorporation and winter flooding. Agron. J.
93: 1346-1354.
5.Esfahani, M., Kavusi, M., and Dabagh Mohammadi Nasab, A. 2004. Study the effect of
different levels of nitrogen and potassium fertilizer on yield, yield components and growth of
rice c.v khazar. Iran. J. Field Crop. 7: 226-240. (In Persian)
6.Ezat Ahmadi, M., Kazemi, H., Shakiba, M., and Valizade, M. 1998. The effect of different
levels of nitrogen fertilizer on the yield and timing of spring wheat in the environmental
conditions of Tabriz. J. Agric. Sci. Iran. 4: 787-800. (In Persian)
7.Fageria, N.K., and Baligar, V.C. 1996. Response of lowland rice and common bean growing
in rotation to soil fertility levels on a Varzea soil. Fertilizer Research. 45: 13-20.
8.Faostat. 2013. http://faostat3.fao.org/faostat-gateway/go/to/download/R/*/E.
9.Gabriella, A., Daneil, L., Calderini, F., and Slaffer, C.A. 2003. Genetic improvement of barley
yield potential and physiological determinants in Argentina (1944-1998). Springer
Netherland. Agron. J. 82: 325-334.
10.Gevrek, M. 1995. Correlation and path analysis studies on rice yield and some yield
components in rice grown as second crop with different levels of nitrogen. Ege University,
Faculty of Agriculture. 32: 107-113.
11.Gilani, A., Siadat, S., and Fathi, Gh. 2004. Effect of density and seedling age on yield and
yield components of three rice cultivars in Khuzestan conditions. J. Agric. Sci. 34: 427-438.
(In Persian)
12.Gilani, A.A., and Jalali, S. 2006. Evaluation of new rice varieties developed in the
preliminary yield trial in Khuzestan province. Agricultural and Natural Resources Research
Center of Khuzestan. Registration number 831414, 19p. (In Persian)
13.Gravois, K.A., and Helms, R.S. 1992. Path analysis of rice yield and yield components as
effected by seeding rate. Agron. J. 84: 1-4.
14.Haefele, S., Naklang, M., Hampichitvitaya, K., Skulkhu, S., Romyen, E., phasopa, S.,
Tabtim, S., Suriya Arunroj, D., Khunthasuvon, S., Kraisorakull, D., Young Suk, P.,
Amarunt, S.T., and Wada, L.J. 2006. Factors affecting rice yield and fertilizer response in
gain fed lowland Thailand. Field Crops Research. 8: 39-51.
15.Hollena, N., Ridzwan, A.H., and Mohd, F.R. 2008. Effect of nitrogen fertilization
management practice on the yield and straw nutritional quality of commercial rice varieties.
Malaysi. J. Math. Sci. 2: 61-71.
16.Honarnezhad, R. 2002. Study correlation between some quantitative traits of rice yield
through path analysis. Iran. J. Crop Sci. 4: 25-35. (In Persian)
17.Kazemi Poshtmasri, H., Pirdashti, H., Bahmanyar, M.A., and Nasiri, M. 2008. Study the
effect of nitrogen fertilizer rate and yield components of different rice (Oryza sativa L.)
cultivars. Agron. J. (Pajouhesh and Sazandegi). 75: 68-77. (In Persian)
18.Kord-Zanganeh, A. 1996. Evaluation of combined N, P, N and Zn on rice yield in the long
run. Khuzestan Agricultural Research Publications, 100p. (In Persian)
19.Kumar, N., and Prasad, R. 2004. Effect of levels and source of nitrogen on concentration and
uptake of nitrogen by a high yielding and a hybrid of rice. Archives of Agronomy and Soil
Science. 50: 447-454.
20.Lampayan, R.M., Bouman, B.A.M., Dios, J.L.D., Espiritu, A.J., Soriano, J.B., and Lactaoen,
A.T. 2010. Yield of aerobic rice in rain fed lowlands of the Philippines as affected by
nitrogen management and row spacing. Field Crops Research. 116: 165-174.
21.Mahdavi, F., Esmaeili, M.A., Fallah, A., and Pirdashti, H. 2006. Study of morphological
characteristics, physiological indices, grain yield and its components in rice (Oryza sativa L.).
landraces and improved cultivars. J. Crop Sci. Iran. 7: 280-297. (In Persian)
22.Majidian, M., Ghalavnd, A., Karimian, N.A., and Kamkar Haghighi, A.A. 2008. Effect
of nitrogen fertilizer, manure and irrigation on corn yield. Elec. J. Crop Prod. 1: 67-85.
(In Persian)
23.Mustafavi Rad, M., and Tahmasebi Sarvestani, Z. 2003. Evaluation of nitrogen fertilizer
effects on yield, yield components and dry matter remobilization of three rice genotype. J.
Agric. Sci. Natur. Resour. 10: 21-31. (In Persian)
24.Nahvi, M., Davatgar, N., Darigh Goftar, F., Sheikh Hoseinian, A., and Abbasian, M. 2012.
Determine the need for nitrogen fertilizer in rice by leaf color chart. Agron. J. (Pajouhesh
and Sazandegi). 66: 28-33. (In Persian)
25.Nahvi, M., Gholi Pour, M., Ghorban Pour, M., and Mehrgan, H. 2005. Effect of row spacing
and levels of nitrogen fertilizer in rice Hibryd. Agron. J. (Pajouhesh and Sazandegi). 66: 33-38.
(In Persian)
26.Ohnishi, M., Horrio, T., Homma, K., Supapoj, N., Takano, H., and Yamomoto, S. 1999.
Nitrogen management and cultivars effects on rice yield and nitrogen efficiency in northeast
Thailand. Field Crops Research. 64: 109-120.
27.Reedy, D.S. 1986. Effect of nitrogen and plant population on yield and yield components of
jaja rice under recommended irrigation practice. Madras Agric. J. 73: 321-324.
28.Rezaei, M., Shokri Vahed, H., Amiri, E., Motamed, M.K., and Azarpour, E. 2009.
The effects of irrigation and nitrogen management on yield and water productivity of rice.
World Appl. Sci. J. 7: 203-210. (In Persian)
29.Salehifar, M. 2008. Effect of planting distance and nitrogen and phosphorus on yield and
yield components of hybrid rice. University of Guilan, 116p. (In Persian)
30.Shahsavar, N., and Safari, M. 2005. The effect of N on yield components on three wheat
cultivars yield, Pagohesh and Sazandegi. 66: 124-140. (In Persian)
31.Singh, U., and Jain, M.C. 2000. Growth and yield response of traditional told and improved
semi tall rice cultivars to moderate and high nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium levels.
Ind. J. Agric. Res. 33: 9-15.
32.Soghi, H.A., Kazemi, M., Kalate arabi, M., Sheikh, F., Abroudi, S., and Asgar, M. 2009.
Effect of foliar and soil application of nitrogen fertilizer on yield of two promising wheat
lines in Golestan. Elec. J. Crop Prod. 2: 167-176. (In Persian)
33.Soltani, A. 2006. Statistical analysis using SAS software. University of Mashhad. Press,
182p. (In Persian)
34.Vennila, C., Jayanthi, C., and Nalini, K. 2007. Nitrogen management in wet seeded rice.
Agriculture, Research. 28: 270-276.
35.Yoshida, S. 1981. Fundamentals of rice crop science. International Rice Research Institute,
Los Banos, Philippines, 269p.
36.Zhao, B., Zhang, H., and Xia, G. 1998. Super high-yield cultivation practices in rice and its
approach. Agricultural Science. 6: 19-21.
Journal of Soil Management and Sustainable Production
Volume 7, Issue 1
April 2017
Pages 21-38

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics