Evaluation of nutritional balance of watermelon by using diagnosis and recommendation integrated system (DRIS) in Poldasht region, West-Azerbaijan province

Document Type : Complete scientific research article

Abstract

Abstract
Background and Objectives: Nutritional diagnosis is an important tool for increasing quality and quantity of yield through efficient fertilization management. Diagnosis and recommendation integrated system (DRIS) can be used as an efficient method to interpret the results of plant analysis and the nutritional needs of agricultural and horticultural crops. Despite the importance of watermelon production in West-Azerbaijan (700 ha), there is no research paper about nutrition of watermelon, so this research carried out to evaluate nutritional status of this crop, to determine of DRIS norms and nutrient priority order for watermelon in this region.
Material and Methods: DRIS norms were established from a data bank of nutrient concentration of leaves (N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu and B) and fruit yield of 147 samples collected from watermelon fields in Poldasht, West-Azerbaijan. The fields were divided into high-yield (≥ 40.5 ton ha-1; 23% of fields) and low-yield (< 40.5 ton ha-1; 77% of fields) sub-groups, and nutrient norms were calculated using standard DRIS procedures.
Results: Nutrient sufficiency ranges of watermelon obtained from DRIS method were: 2.5 - 3.4, 0.16 - 0.34, 1.8 - 2.25, 1.4 - 2.3, 0.3 - 0.65% for N, P, K, Ca, Mg, respectively and 59 - 164, 44 - 121, 33 - 57, 9.3 - 20.5, 11- 43 mg/kg of dry matter for Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, B, respectively. The optimum concentrations of N, P, K, Ca, Mg were 2.1, 0.2, 1.8, 1.55, 0.33% and for Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, B were 83, 71, 34, 11, 17 mg/kg, respectively.
Conclusion: From 45 selected nutrient ratios as DRIS norms, 41 norms had variance ratio more than 2 indicating the importance of the constitutive nutrients of these ratio in yield. Nitrogen had the most negative DRIS index among all macro elements that thirty five percent of studied fields (42 fields) are nitrogen deficient and nitrogen was in the first or second deficiency order in the fields. There were potassium, magnesium, calcium, phosphorous, zinc, iron, copper, manganese, and boron deficiencies in the 22%, 20%, 12%, 7%, 31%, 21%, 16%, 11%, and 9% of watermelon fields, respectively. Among micro nutrients, zinc had the most negative DRIS index and the most deficiency in 73% of fields. Based on this study priority of nutrients were as N > K > Mg > Ca > P for macro nutrients and Zn > Fe > Cu > Mn > B for micro nutrients. Plants have high nutritional balance index (NBI) indicating relatively imbalance of absorbed nutrients by watermelon and imbalance fertilizer application in the studied fields

Keywords

References

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Journal of Soil Management and Sustainable Production
Volume 7, Issue 3
December 2018
Pages 168-180

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