Effect of increasing of atmospheric CO2 concentration and nitrogen on growth and uptake of nutrient in wheat

Document Type : Complete scientific research article

Authors

1 Associate Professor, Department of Soil Science and Engineering, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, University of Tehran, Iran

2 MSc Gradaute, Department of Soil Science and Engineering, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, University of Tehran, Iran

3 Ph.D student, Department of Soil Science and Engineering, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, University of Tehran, Iran

4 Full Professor, Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agricultural Science and Engineering, University of Tehran, Iran

Abstract

Background and objectives: Population growth and increased industrial activity in the last two centuries have led to a significant increase in atmospheric CO2 concentration. According to research, the atmospheric CO2 concentration has been increasing constantly since the industrial revolution up to recent years. The concentration has increased from 270 mg/l before industrial revolution in the mid eighteen century to about 394 mg/l in 2013. Effects of elevated CO2 concentration on uptake of plant nutrients such as nitrogen, iron, manganese, and zinc, on many agricultural crops have been studied. Improvement of nutritional conditions due to use of nitrogen fertilizers and increasing atmospheric CO2 concentration initiating increased photosynthesis and dry matter production results in promoting growth and yield increase of agronomic crops. At the same time this would change the concentration of necessary nutrients in the plants. This research is conducted with aim of studying effects of elevated CO2 concentration and nitrogen availability on plant nutrient uptake in wheat.
Materials and methods: A greenhouse experiment in a factorial (combined) based on completely randomized design was conducted with soil texture in two levels (sandy clay loam and sandy loam), nitrogen in three levels (0, 100 and 200 mg/kg from urea source) in 4 replications of each treatment. Treatments were applied under two CO2 levels (ambient 400 and elevated 850 mg/l). A total of 24 pots in each CO2 level and 48 pots in total were used. Sixty days after planting, the aboveground parts were harvested and plant dry matter weight, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, iron, manganese and zinc in shoots were determined and compared.
Results: results showed that with increasing CO2 concentration, in different nitrogen treatments shoot dry weight of wheat increased on the average by 10.67 percent. Increase in CO2 concentration did not have significant on shoot nitrogen and magnesium uptake of wheat but increased phosphorus, potassium, iron, manganese and zinc uptake by 18.58, 20.72, 32.87, 24.66, and 22.36 percent, respectively. Application of nitrogen fertilizer increased shoot uptake of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, magnesium, iron, manganese and zinc by 337, 93, 96, 145, 135, 129 and 156 percent, respectively, and this increase was more intense for phosphorus, potassium, iron and manganese in elevated CO2 concentration.
Conclusion: The amount of chemical fertilizers, especially nitrogen, and nutrient balance should be changed according to the weather conditions. Based on the results of this experiment, increasing soil nitrogen concentration resulted in an exacerbation of the positive effects of increasing CO2concentration. Therefore, if there is no limitation in the supply of essential nutrients, especially nitrogen, wheat growth and shoot uptake of most nutrients will increase under increased atmospheric CO2 concentration.

Keywords

References

1.Ainsworth, E.A., and Long, S.P. 2005. What have we learned from 15 years of free-air CO2
enrichment (FACE)? A meta-analytic review of the responses of photosynthesis, canopy
properties and plant production to rising CO2. New Phytol. 165: 2. 351-372.
2.Asing, J., Saggar, S., Singh, J., and Bolan, N.S. 2008. Assessment of nitrogen losses from urea
and an organic manure with and without nitrification inhibitor, dicyandiamide, applied to
lettuce under glasshouse conditions. Soil Res. 46: 7. 535-541.
3.Black, C.A. 1968. Soil-plant relationships. Soil-plant relationships.: 2nd ed.
4.Bottrill, D., Possingham, J., and Kriedemann, P. 1970. The effect of nutrient deficiencies on
phosynthesis and respiration in spinach. Plant Soil. 32: 1. 424-438.
5.Bouyoucos, G.J. 1962. Hydrometer method improved for making particle size analyses of
soils. Agron J. 54: 5. 464-465.
6.Bremner, J. 1996. Nitrogen-total. P 1085-1121, In: J.M. Bartels and J.M. Bigham (Eds.),
Methods of soil analysis, Part 3, Chemical Methods, Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. Madison, WI.
7.Chunwu, Z., Qilong, Z., Hongyan, Y., Shengjin, L., Gangqiang, D., and Jianguo, Z. 2016.
Effect of Elevated CO2 on the Growth and Macronutrient (N, P and K) Uptake of Annual
Wormwood (Artemisia annua L.). Pedosphere. 26: 2. 235-242.
8.Cottenie, A. 1980. Soil and plant testing as a basis of fertilizer recommendations. F.A.O. Soils
Bulletin 38/2. Rome, Italy, 118p.
9.Fangmeier, A., Grüters, U., Högy, P., Vermehren, B., and Jäger, H.J. 1997. Effects of elevated
CO2, nitrogen supply and tropospheric ozone on spring wheat-II. Nutrients (N, P, K, S, Ca,
Mg, Fe, Mn, Zn). Environ. Pollut. 96: 1. 43-59.
10.Flexas, J., and Medrano, H. 2002. Drought-inhibition of photosynthesis in C3 plants:
stomatal and non-stomatal limitations revisited. Ann. Bot. 89: 2. 183-189.
11.Foehse, D., and Jungk, A. 1983. Influence of phosphate and nitrate supply on root hair
formation of rape, spinach and tomato plants. Plant Soil. 74: 3. 359-368.
12.Goldberg, S.P., Smith, K.A., and Holmes, J.C. 1983. The effects of soil compaction, form of
nitrogen fertiliser and fertiliser placement on the availability of manganese to barley. J. Sci.
Food Agric. 34: 7. 657-670.
13.Hao, X., Gao, J., Han, X., Ma, Z., Merchant, A., Ju, H., and Lin, E. 2014. Effects of open-air
elevated atmospheric CO2 concentration on yield quality of soybean (Glycine max (L.)
Merr). Agric. Ecosyst. Environ. 192: 80-84.
14.Helmke, P.A., and Sparks, D. 1996. Lithium, sodium, potassium, rubidium and cesium.
P 551-575, In: D.L. Sparks (Ed.), Methods of Soil Analysis, Part 3, Chemical Methods, Soil
Sci. Soc. Am. J. Madison, WI.
15.Heydarian Pour, M.B., Ramezani Mozhdeh, Z., and Samini, A.M. 2013. Effect of nitrogen
and biological bacteria on performance, total concentration and uptake of nutrient elements
in shoot of Wheat. Soil Res. (Soil and Water). 27: 2. 141-148. (In Persian)
16.Högy, P., Wieser, H., Köhler, P., Schwadorf, K., Breuer, J., Franzaring, J., and Fangmeier,
A. 2009. Effects of elevated CO2 on grain yield and quality of wheat: results from a 3-year
free-air CO2 enrichment experiment. Plant Biol. 11: 1. 60-69.
17.IqbaII, M., Hassan, A., and Abid, M. 1999. Effect of soil texture and compaction on nutrient
uptake and growth of maize (Zea mays L.). Pak. J. Agric. Sci. 36: 3-4. 154-160.
18.Jensen, B., and Christensen, B.T. 2004. Interactions between elevated CO2 and added N:
effects on water use, biomass and soil 15N uptake in wheat. Acta Agric Scand B Soil Plant
Sci. 54: 3. 175-184.
19.Jin, C.W., Du, S.T., Chen, W.W., Li, G.X., Zhang, Y.S., and Zheng, S.J. 2009. Elevated
carbon dioxide improves plant iron nutrition through enhancing the iron-deficiency-induced
responses under iron-limited conditions in tomato. Plant Physiol. 150: 1. 272-280.
20.Jin, J., Tang, C., and Sale, P. 2015. The impact of elevated carbon dioxide on the phosphorus
nutrition of plants: a review. Ann. Bot. 116: 6. 987-999.
21.Kantety, R., van Santen, E., Woods, F., and Wood, C. 1996. Chlorophyll meter predicts
nitrogen status of tall fescue. J. Plant Nutr. 19: 6. 881-889.
22.Karimian, N. 1995. Effect of nitrogen and phosphorus on zinc nutrition of corn in a
calcareous soil. J. Plant Nutr. 18: 10. 2261-2271.
23.Keeling, C., and Whorf, T. 2005. Atmospheric CO2 records from sites in the SIO air
sampling network, Trends: a compendium of data on global change,Information Analysis
Center, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, Pp: 16-26.
24.Kimball, B., Kobayashi, K., and Bindi, M. 2002. Responses of agricultural crops to free-air
CO2 enrichment. Adv. Agron. 77: 293-368.
25.Kuo, S. 1996. Phosphorus. P 869-919, In: D.L. Sparks, A.L. Page, P.A. Helmke and R.H.
Loeppert (Eds.), Methods of soil analysis, Part 3, chemical methods, Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J.
Madison, WI.
26.Li, D., Liu, H., Qiao, Y., Wang, Y., Cai, Z., Dong, B., and Liu, M. 2013. Effects of elevated
CO2 on the growth, seed yield and water use efficiency of soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.)
under drought stress. Agric. Water Manage. 129: 105-112.
27.Li, P., Han, X., Zong, Y., Li, H., Lin, E., Han, Y., and Hao, X. 2015. Effects of free-air CO2
enrichment (FACE) on the uptake and utilization of N, P and K in Vigna radiata. Agric.
Ecosyst. Environ. 202: 120-125.
28.Lindsay, W.L., and Norvell, W.A. 1978. Development of a DTPA soil test for zinc, iron,
manganese and copper. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 42: 3. 421-428.
29.Madhu, M., and Hatfield, J. 2013. Dynamics of plant root growth under increased
atmospheric carbon dioxide. Agron. J. 105: 3. 657-669.
30.Manderscheid, R., Pacholski, A., Frühauf, C., and Weigel, H.J. 2009. Effects of free air
carbon dioxide enrichment and nitrogen supply on growth and yield of winter barley
cultivated in a crop rotation. Field Crops. Res. 110: 3. 185-196.
31.Marschner, H. 2011. Mineral nutrition of higher plants, Academic press, 672p.
32.McGrath, J.M., and Lobell, D.B. 2013. Reduction of transpiration and altered nutrient
allocation contribute to nutrient decline of crops grown in elevated CO2 concentrations.
Plant, Cell Environ. 36: 3. 697-705.
33.Mishra, A.K., Rai, R., and Agrawal, S. 2013. Differential response of dwarf and tall tropical
wheat cultivars to elevated ozone with and without carbon dioxide enrichment: growth, yield
and grain quality. Field Crops. Res. 145: 21-32.
34.Murata, Y. 1961. Studies on photosynthesis in rice plants and its culture significance. Bull.
Nat. Inst. Agr. Sci. Japan Ser. D. 9: 1-169.
35.Murcia, M., Vera, A., Ortiz, R., and Garcia-Carmona, F. 1995. Measurement of ion levels
of spinach grown in different fertilizer regimes using ion chromatography. Food Chem.
52: 2. 161-166.
36.Myers, S.S., Zanobetti, A., Kloog, I., Huybers, P., Leakey, A.D., Bloom, A.J., and
Hasegawa, T. 2014. Increasing CO2 threatens human nutrition. Nature. 510: 7503. 139-142.
37.Nelson, D., and Sommers, L.E. 1982. Total carbon, organic carbon and organic matter.
P 539-580, In: A.L. Page (Ed.), Methods of soil analysis, Part 2, 2nd ed, Chemical and
microbiological properties, Agronomy monograph No.9. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. Madison, WI.
38.Nelson, R. 1982. Carbonate and gypsum. P 181-197, In: A.L. Page (Ed.), Methods of soil
analysis, Part 2, 2nd ed, Chemical and microbiological properties, Agronomy monograph
No.9. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. Madison, WI.
39.Olsen, S. 1972. Micronutrient interactions, Pp: 243-264.
40.Olsen, S., and Sommers, L. 1982. Phosphorus. P 403-430, In: A.L. Page (Ed.), Methods of
soil analysis, Part 2, 2nd ed, Chemical and microbiological properties, Agronomy monograph
No.9. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. Madison, WI.
41.Olson, R.A., and Frey, K. 1987. Nutritional quality of cereal grains: genetic and agronomic
improvement. Am. Soc. Agron, Madison, WI, 511p.
42.Osanai, Y., Tissue, D.T., Bange, M.P., Anderson, I.C., Braunack, M.V., and Singh, B.K.
2016. Plant-soil interactions and nutrient availability determine the impact of elevated CO2
and temperature on cotton productivity. Plant Soil. 410: 1. 87-102.
43.Pal, M., Karthikeyapandian, V., Jain, V., Srivastava, A., Raj, A., and Sengupta, U. 2004.
Biomass production and nutritional levels of berseem (Trifolium alexandrium) grown under
elevated CO2. Agric. Ecosyst. Environ. 101: 1. 31-38.
44.Phothi, R., Umponstira, C., Sarin, C., Siriwong, W., and Nabheerong, N. 2016. Combining
effects of ozone and carbon dioxide application on photosynthesis of Thai jasmine rice
(Oryza sativa L.) cultivar Khao Dawk Mali 105. Aust. J. Crop Sci. 10: 4. 591-597.
45.Pleijel, H., and Högy, P. 2015. CO2 dose-response functions for wheat grain, protein and
mineral yield based on FACE and open-top chamber experiments. Environ. Pollut. 198: 70-77.
46.Prior, S.A., Runion, G.B., Marble, S.C., Rogers, H.H., Gilliam, C.H., and Torbert, H.A.
2011. A review of elevated atmospheric CO2 effects on plant growth and water relations:
implications for horticulture. HortScience. 46: 2. 158-162.
47.Rhoades, J. 1996. Salinity: electrical conductivity and total dissolved solids. P 417-435,
In: D.L. Sparks (Ed.), Methods of Soil Analysis, Part 3, Chemical Methods, Soil Sci. Soc.
Am. J. Madison, WI.
48.Ritchie, S.W., and Hanway, J.J. 1989. How a corn plant develops, Ames, IA (USA), Iowa
State University, 20p.
49.Roy, K., Bhattacharyya, P., Neogi, S., Rao, K., and Adhya, T. 2012. Combined effect of
elevated CO2 and temperature on dry matter production, net assimilation rate, C and N
allocations in tropical rice (Oryza sativa L.). Field Crops. Res. 139: 71-79.
50.Ryan, J., Estefan, G., and Rashid, A. 2007. Soil and plant analysis laboratory manual,
ICARDA, Beirut, Lebanon, 243p.
51.Schahczenski, J., and Hill, H. 2009. Agriculture, climate change and carbon sequestration.
ATTRA, Melbourne, Pp: 14-18.
52.Solomon, S., Qin, D., Manning, M., Chen, Z., Marquis, M., Averyt, K.B., and Miller, H.L.
2007. Contribution of working group I to the fourth assessment report of the
intergovernmental panel on climate change, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United
Kingdom and New York, NY, USA, 996p.
53.Staal, M., Maathuis, F.J., Elzenga, J.T.M., Overbeek, J.H.M., and Prins, H. 1991. Na+/H+
antiport activity in tonoplast vesicles from roots of the salt-tolerant Plantago maritima and
the salt-sensitive Plantago media. Physiol. Plant. 82: 2. 179-184.
54.Sumner, M., and Miller, W. 1996. Cation exchange capacity and exchange coefficients.
P 1201-1229, In: Sparks, D.L. (Ed.), Methods of Soil Analysis, Part 3, Chemical Methods.
Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. Madison, WI.
55.Thomas, G. 1996. Soil pH and soil acidity. P 475-490, In: D.L. Sparks (Ed.), Methods of
Soil Analysis, Part 3, Chemical Methods. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. Madison, WI.
56.Thompson, T.L., and Doerge, T.A. 1995. Nitrogen and water rates for subsurface
trickle -irrigated collard, mustard and spinach. HortScience. 30: 7. 1382-1387.
57.Torbert, H., Prior, S., Rogers, H., and Runion, G. 2004. Elevated atmospheric CO2 effects on
N fertilization in grain sorghum and soybean. Field Crops. Res. 88: 1. 57-67.
58.Weigel, H.J., and Manderscheid, R. 2012. Crop growth responses to free air CO2 enrichment
and nitrogen fertilization: rotating barley, ryegrass, sugar beet and wheat. Eur. J. Agron.
43: 97-107.
59.Wilkinson, S., Grunes, D., and Sumner, M. 2000. Nutrient interactions in soil and plant
nutrition. Handbook of soil science, Pp: 89-112.
60.Wu, D.X., Wang, G.X., Bai, Y.F., and Liao, J.X. 2004. Effects of elevated CO2
concentration on growth, water use, yield and grain quality of wheat under two soil water
levels. Agric. Ecosyst. Environ. 104: 3. 493-507.
61.Yang, L., Wang, Y., Huang, J., Zhu, J., Yang, H., Liu, G., and Hu, J. 2007. Seasonal changes
in the effects of free-air CO2 enrichment (FACE) on phosphorus uptake and utilization of
rice at three levels of nitrogen fertilization. Field Crops. Res. 102: 2. 141-150.
62.Yang, L., Wang, Y., Kobayashi, K., Zhu, J., Huang, J., Yang, H., and Han, Y. 2008.
Seasonal changes in the effects of free-air CO2 enrichment (FACE) on growth, morphology
and physiology of rice root at three levels of nitrogen fertilization. Glob. Change. Biol.
14: 8. 1844-1853.
63.Zeng, Q., Liu, B., Gilna, B., Zhang, Y., Zhu, C., Ma, H., and Zhu, J. 2011. Elevated CO2
effects on nutrient competition between a C3 crop (Oryza sativa L.) and a C4 weed
(Echinochloa crusgalli L.). Nutr. Cycl. Agroecosys. 89: 1. 93-104.
64.Zhang, X., Yu, X., and Ma, Y. 2013. Effect of nitrogen application and elevated CO2
on photosynthetic gas exchange and electron transport in wheat leaves. Photosynthetica.
4: 51. 593-602.
Journal of Soil Management and Sustainable Production
Volume 7, Issue 4
May 2018
Pages 19-43

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics