Effect of Sulfur, Thiobacillus bacteria and phosphorus on the yield and nutrient elements uptake of wheat in calcareous soil

Document Type : Complete scientific research article

Authors

1 Soil and Water Research Institute, Agriculture Research, Education and Extension Organization, Karag, IRAN

2 Department of Soil Science, College of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran

3 Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education center of Semnan, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization.

Abstract

Background and objectives: Investigating the status of nutrients in calcareous soils shows that despite the abundance of some nutrients (such as phosphorus, iron, and zinc) in these soils, the available form of these nutrients is less than the amount required for plant growth, and the deficiency of nutrients is one of limiting factor in the production of plants especially wheat in these soils. Sulfur application and soil inoculation with Thiobacillus bacteria may improve the availability of nutrients in calcareous soils and consequently increase the plants growth. The purpose of this research was investigating the effect of sulfur application and Thiobacillus bacteria on the yield and nutrient uptake of wheat at different levels of phosphorus in a calcareous soil and in field conditions.
Material and methods: In 2011 a factorial experiment arranged in a complete randomize block design consisting of three levels of sulfur along with Thiobacillus bacteria (without sulfur and Thiobacillus (S0T0), application of 500 Kg S + 10 Kg Thiobacillus (S500T10), 1000 Kg S + 20 Kg Thiobacillus (S1000T20) and 2000 Kg S + 40 Kg Thiobacillus (S2000T40) per hectare) and three levels of triple super phosphate (without phosphorus (P0), 65 (P65%) and 100 (P100%) percent phosphorus recommended based on soil test) with three replication in field conditions. The leaf samples were collected before pollination and the content of phosphorus; zinc and iron were measured in them. After harvest, the yield components such as grain and straw yield, panicle length and 1000 seed weight in each treatment were determined. Then, from each plot, five kilograms of soil was taken from 0 to 15 cm depth and after dried out and sifted with a two-millimeter sieve, the concentration of phosphorus, zinc and iron of soil was determined in them.
Results: With the application of sulfur along with Thiobacillus bacteria, the yield components and uptake of iron, zinc and phosphorus of wheat leaf increased compared to the control treatment, although the grain yield, straw yield and uptake of iron between the different levels of sulfur along with Thiobacillus bacteria showed a no significant difference. Using of phosphorus significantly increased the grain yield, straw yield, 1000 grain weight and uptake of iron and phosphorus of wheat leaf, but no significant difference was observed between treatments 65 (P65%) and 100 (P100%) percent phosphorus recommended based on soil test. In conditions of without phosphorus (P0), with consumption of 1000 kg ha-1 sulfur along with 20 kg ha-1 of Thiobacillus (S1000T20), grain yield, straw yield and panicle length increased compared with the control (124, 123 and 31% respectively), but with increasing levels of sulfur and bacteria, a decrease was observed in these parameters. The highest uptake of leaf iron and phosphorus were showed in combined treatments S1000T20 + P100% and S2000T20 + P65%, respectively. With the increase of sulfur along with Thiobacillus bacteria, Zn concentration and pH of soil decreased and the lowest values of these characteristics were observed at the highest levels of sulfur and bacteria. At all levels of phosphorus application, the consumption of 500 kg ha-1 sulfur along with 10 kg ha-1 Thiobacillus bacteria (S500T10) increased the phosphorus concentration in soil and highest contents of it was were obtained of combined treatments S500T10 + P65% (31% more than S0T0 + P0 treatment).
Conclusion: In conditions of without Sulfur and Thiobacillus bacteria (S0P0), consumption of 65 percent (P65%) phosphorus recommended based on soil test is appropriate for optimum yield for wheat. Consumption of 1000 kg ha-1 sulfur along with 20 kg ha-1 of Thiobacillus (S1000T20) in conditions of without phosphorus (P0), are recommended for use in agriculture and wheat yield increase.

Keywords

References

1.Abdou, A., Soaud, A.A., Al Darwish, F.H., Saleh, M.E., El-Tarabily, K.A., Sofian-Azirun, M.,
and Motior, R.M. 2011. Effects of elemental sulfur, phosphorus, micronutrients and
Paracoccus versutus on nutrient availability of calcareous soils. Aust. J. Crop Sci. 5: 554-561.
2.Adesemoye, A.O., Torbert, H.A., and Kloepper, J.W. 2009. Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria
allow reduced application rates of chemical fertilizers. Microb. Ecol. 58: 921-929.
3.Akhavan, Z., and Fallah Nosrat Abad, A.R. 2013. The effect of sulfur and thiobacillus
inoculant on soil pH, dry matter weight and phosphorus absorption Canola. J. Soil Manag.
Sustain. 3: 1-13. (In Persian)
4.Amal, A.M., Wedad Eweda, E.E., Heggo, A.M., and Enas, A.H. 2014. Effect of dual
inoculation with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and sulphur-oxidising bacteria on onion
(Allium cepa L.) and maize (Zea mays L.) grown in sandy soil under greenhouse conditions.
Ann. Agr. Sci. 29: 109-118.
5.Bagyako, M., Georg, E., Romheld, V., and Buerkert, A. 2000. Effects of mycorrhiza fungi and
phosphorus on growth and nutrient uptake of millet, cow pea and sorghum in West African.
Soil J. Agric. Sci. 135: 399-407.
6.Balloei, F., Ardakani, M.R., Rejali, F., Ramzanpoor, M.R., Alizade, G.R., and Mohebbati, F.
2009. Effect of Thiobacillus and Mycorrhiza fungi under different levels of sulfur on yield
and yield components of soybean. International Symposium “Root Research and
Applications”, RootRAP, Boku – Vienna, Austria.
7.Baybordi, A. 2007. Nutrition of crops and zinc in soil. Payor Publishing, Tabriz Press, 180p.
(In Persian)
8.Besharati, H. 2017. Effects of sulfur application and Thiobacillus inoculation on soil nutrient
availability, wheat yield and plant nutrient concentration in calcareous soils with different
calcium carbonate content. J. Plant Nutr. 40: 447-456.
9.Bustamante, M., Alburquerque, J., Restrepo, A., De la Fuente, C., Paredes, C., Moral, R., and
Bernal, M. 2012. Co-composting of the solid fraction of anaerobic digestates, to obtain
added-value materials for use in agriculture. Biomass Bioenerg. 43: 26-35.
1397 ( نشریه مدیریت خاک و تولید پایدار جلد ( 8)، شماره ( 2
38
10.Deluca, T.H., Skogley, E.O., and Engle, R.E. 1989. Band-applied elemental sulfur to
enhance the phytoavailability of phosphorus in alkaline calcareous soils. Biol. Fert. Soils.
7: 346-350.
11.El Tarabily, K.A., Soaud, A.A., Saleh, M.E., and Matsumoto, S. 2006. Isolation and
characterization of sulfur-oxidizing bacteria, including strains of Rhizobium from calcareous
sandy soils and their effects on nutrient uptake and growth of maize (Zea mays L.). Aust. J.
Agric. Res. 57: 101-111.
12.Gee, G.W., and Bauder, J.W. 1986. Particle size analysis. P 383-411, In: A. Klute (Ed.),
Methods of soil analysis, Part I. 2d Madison, WI.
13.Godarzi, K. 2001. Enhancing effects of sulfur and compost on nutrient availability and wheat
yield. Soil Water Sci. 15: 154-166. (In Persian)
14.Hawkesford, M.J., and De Kok, L.J. 2007. Sulfur in plants an ecological perspective.
Springer, UK.
15.Hoseini, Y., Homaee, M., Karimian, N.A., and Saadat, S. 2009. The effects of phosphorus
and salinity on growth, nutrient concentrations and water use efficiency in canola (Brassica
napus L.). Agr. Res. (Water Soil Plant Agr.). 8: 1-18. (In Persian)
16.Jaggi, R.C., Aulakh, M.S., and Sharma, R. 2005. Impacts of elemental S applied under
various temperature and moisture regimes on pH and available P in acidic, neutral and
alkaline soils. Biol. Fertil. Soil. 41: 52-58.
17.Jalili, F., Nasrolah Zadeh Asl, A., and Valiloo, R. 2013. Effects of sulfur and manure
fertilizer on yield and protein of wheat (var. Zarin). J. Res. Crop Sci. 5: 71-84. (In Persian)
18.Jones, J.B., and Case, V.W. 1990. Sampling, handling and analyzing plant tissue samples.
P 389-427, In: R.L. Westerman (Ed.), Soil testing and plant analysis, Soil Science Society of
America, Madison, WI.
19.Kalbasi, M., Filsoof, F., and Rezai-Nejad, Y. 1988. Effect of sulfur treatment on yield and
uptake of Fe, Zn and Mn by corn, sorghum and soybean. J. Plant Nutr. 11: 1353-1360.
20.Malakouti, M.J., and Gheibi, M.N. 2000. Determination of critical levels of nutrients in soil,
plant and fruit. Agricutural Education Publishing, 92p. (In Persian)
21.Mazloomi, F., and Ronaghi, A. 2012. Effect of salinity and phosphorus on growth and
chemical composition of two varieties of spinach. J. Gree. Cult Sci. Technol. 3: 85-94.
22.Moamen, A., Pazoki, A., and Momayezi, M.R. 2011. Effects of granular sulfur (bentonitic)
and compost on quantitative and qualitative characteristics of bam wheat in semnan. J. Crop
Physiol. 3: 31-47. (In Persian)
23.Moamen, A., Pazoki, A.R., and Momayezi, M.R. 2011. Effect of granular sulfur and
compost on properties of Bam wheat in Semnan region. Sci. Res. Annual Agron. Plant
Physiol. IAU, Ahvaz Branch. 3: 35-46. (In Persian)
24.Mohammady Aria, M., Lakzian, A., Haghnia, G.H., Berenji, A.R., Besharati, H., and
Fotovat, A. 2010. Effect of Thiobacillus, sulfur and vermicompost on the water-soluble
phosphorus of hard rock phosphate. Bioresour. Technol. 101: 551-554.
25.Moosavi, A.A., Mansouri, S., and Zahedifar, M. 2015. Effect of soil water stress and nickel
application on micronutrient status of canola grown on two calcareous soils. Plant Prod. Sci.
18: 377-387.
26.Olsen, S.R., and Sommers, L.E. 1982. Phosphorus. P 403-430, In: A.L. Page (Ed.), Methods
of soil Analysis, part 2, 2nd ed. American Society of Agronomy, Soil Science Society of
America, Madison.
27.Page, A.L., Miller, R.H., and Keeny, D.R. 1982. Methods of soil analysis. Part 2, Chemical
and Microbiological Properties, Madison Wisconsin U.S.A.
28.Postgate, J.R. 1966. Media for sulfur bacteria. Lab. Pract. J. 15: 1239-1244.
29.Rahman, M.M., Soaud, A.A., Fareed, H.A.L., Darwish, F.F.A., Golam, F., and Azirun, M.S.
2011. Growth and nutrient uptake of maize plants as affected by elemental sulfur and
nitrogen fertilizer in sandy calcareous soil. Afr. J. Biotech. 10: 12882-12889.
30.Rosa, M.C., Muchovey, J.J., and Alwares, J.V.H. 1989. Temporal relations of phosphorous
fraction in an oxisol amended with rock phosphate and Thiobacillus thiooxidans. Soil Sci.
Soc. Am. J. 53: 1096-1100.
31.Salimpour, S., Khavazi, K., Nadian, H., Besharati, H., and Miransari, M. 2010. Enhancing
phosphorus availability to canola (Brassica napus L.) using P solubilizing and sulfur
oxidizing bacteria. Aust. J. Crop Sci. 4: 330-334.
32.Salimpour, S., Khavazi, K., Nadian, H., Besharati, H., and Miransari, M. 2012. Canola oil
production and nutrient uptake as affected by phosphate solubilizing and sulfur oxidizing
bacteria. J. Plant Nutr. 35: 1997-2008.
33.Schueneman, T.J. 2001. Characterization of sulfur sources in the EAA. Soil Crop Sci. Soc.
Fla. Proc. 60: 49-52.
34.Smith, F.W., Jackson, W.A., and van den Berg, P.J. 1990. Internal phosphorus flows during
development of phosphorus stress in Stylosanthes hamata. Aust. J. Plant Physiol. 17: 451-464.
35.Stamford, N.P., Figueiredo, M.V.B., Junior, S.S., Freitas, A.D.S., Santos, C.E.R.S., and
Junior, M.A.L. 2015. Effect of gypsum and sulfur with AcidiThiobacillus on soil salinity
alleviation and on cowpea biomass and nutrient status as affected by PK rock biofertilizer.
Sci. Hortic-Amsterdam. 192: 287-292.
36.Stamford, N.P., Santos, P.R., Moura, A.M.M.F., Santos, C.E.R.S., and Freitas, A.D.S. 2003.
Biofertilizer with natural phosphate, sulphur and AcidiThiobacillus in a soil with low
available-p. Sci. Agricola. 60: 767-773.
37.Thomas, G.W. 1996. Soil pH and Soil Acidity. P 475-490, In: D.L. Sparks (Ed.), Methods of
soil analysis, Part 3, No. 5, ASA and SSSA, Madison, WI.
38.Vidyalakshmi, R., Paranthaman, R., and Bhagyaraj, R. 2009. Sulphur oxidizing bacteria and
plant nutrition-A review. W. J. Agril. Sci. 5: 270-278.
39.Walkley, A., and Black, I.A. 1934. An examination of degtjareff method for determining soil
organic matter and a proposed modification of the chromic acid titration method. Soil Sci.
37: 29-38.
40.Wiedenfeld, B. 2011. Sulfur application effects on soil properties in a calcareous soil and on
sugarcane growth and yield. J. Plant Nut. 34: 1003-1013.
41.Wilding, L.P., and Lin, H. 2006. Advancing the frontiers of soil science towards geoscience.
Geoderma. 131: 257-274.
42.Zapata, F., and Roy, R.N. 2004. Use of phosphate rocks for sustainable agriculture.
Publication of the FAO Land and Water Development Division, Pp: 117-122.
Journal of Soil Management and Sustainable Production
Volume 8, Issue 2
September 2018
Pages 23-41

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics