Investigation of Zinc Status and Management of Zinc Sulfate Application (According to Growth Phenology) for Citrus in Calcareous Soils of East Mazandaran

Document Type : Complete scientific research article

Author

Soil and Water Research Department, Mazandaran Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center

Abstract

Background and Objectives: Citrus trees are sensitive to zinc deficiency and zinc deficiency in citrus trees is a common nutritional disorder that causes changes in the anatomy, morphology and cytology of citrus trees, leading to reduced flowering, fruit set, performance and production stability. Due to the limitation of zinc in the soils and the economic importance of citrus for Mazandaran province, the study of zinc status in citrus orchards and the management of Zn application (accordance to growth phenology) and its effect on Zn deficiency and quality of Thomson Navell fruits were conducted.
Material and Methods: To study zinc(Zn) status and its effect on yield and quality of Thomson navell orange, two separate experiments were conducted in East of Mazandaran Province, Iran. The first experiment was conducted in citrus orchards of the region, and the second, as a randomized complete block design with seven treatments and four replications was conducted in an orchard of Thomson navel on sour orange rootstock. Treatments included: 1- First control (without zinc); 2- Second control (without zinc and with urea spray); 3- 200 g zinc sulfate per tree as soil application, before leaf development; 4- 200 g zinc sulfate per tree as fertigation, in the first stage of fruit growth; 5- 200 g zinc sulfate per tree as fertigation, in the first and second stages of fruit growth; 6- zinc sulfate spraying in the first stage of fruit growth; 7- zinc sulfate spraying in the first and second stages of growth.
Results: The first experiment showed that the orchards of Behshahr and Galogah had the lowest deficiency symptoms and Ghaemshar and Juybar had the most deficiency symptoms. The results of the second experiment showed that soil application before leaf development had no effect on chlorosis, yield, fruit and zinc concentration in leaf and fruit, but its application as fertigation and spraying increased fruit yield, diameter, and fruit weight, in leaf and fruit zinc concentration. The highest leaf Zn concentration was obtained from spray treatment in the first and second stages of fruit growth. Fertigation treatment significantly increased the root Zn concentration compared to the control.
Conclusion: Generally, according to the results of this experiment, for orchards with a history of mild symptoms of zinc deficiency or probable zinc deficiency, the application of zinc sulfate as fertigation or spray after petal fall in the first stage of fruit growth is recommended, However, for orchards that have severe symptoms of zinc chlorosis, two fertigation or foliar application with zinc sulfate at the first and second stages of fruit growth is recommended.

Keywords

References

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Journal of Soil Management and Sustainable Production
Volume 11, Issue 3
December 2021
Pages 77-97

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