Effect of Bagasse Biochars and Sodium chloride Salinity on Fractionation and Availability of Cadmium in a coarse‐textured Calcareous Soil

Document Type : Complete scientific research article

Authors

1 soil science department of Shahrekord university

2 soil science department, shahrekord university

3 Professor of soil science department, Shahrekord University

Abstract

Background and Objectives: Biochar application is one of the effective methods to reduce the harmful effects of heavy metals in contaminated soils. Biochar is an organic amendment may change some of the chemical properties of the soil and create suitable conditions for immobilizing of heavy metals in the soil. Biochar is a carbon solid obtained from the pyrolysis of residues under limited oxygen conditions. Biochar have high surface area, porous structure, and functional groups, which can reduce the risk of heavy metal contamination in the soil and their entry into the food chain. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of sugarcane bagasse biochar produced at 400 and 600 °C on the availability and fractions of Cd in saline and cadmium-contaminated soil.
Materials and Methods: Initially, 15 mg kg-1 Cd as cadmium chloride was added to sandy soil sample (200 g) and mixed with the soil. The soils were incubated for 3 weeks at 25±2 °C at a moisture content of 80% field capacity in incubator. After incubation period, salinity levels of 1170 and 2340 mg kg-1 as sodium chloride was added to the soils. Then, the 1% (w/w) of the sugarcane bagasse and biochars produced at 400 and 600 °C were added to the soil and incubated for 3 months at 25±2 °C. At the end of the incubation period, a soil sample was removed from each of the treatments and available Cd (DTPA) and its fractions (Tessier et al. 1979) were extracted.
Results: The results showed that the application of biochar reduced Cd extracted by DTPA (p<0.05). Also, effect of biochar on pH wasnot significant (p>0.05) and increased EC (p<0.05). Salinity increased Cd extracted by DTPA (p<0.05). Also, biochar application reduced exchangeable Cd (13.7%) and Cd associated with carbonates (24.1%), while, increased Cd associated with oxides (37.2%) and residual (30.6%) compared to control. Cadmium associated with Fe/Mn oxides and associated with carbonates in 2340 mg kg-1 treatment compared to 1170 mg kg-1 treatment increased 31.5 and 25.8% respectively. The results reveled that Cd associated with OM in 1170 and 2340 mg kg-1 treatments compared control reduced 38.8 and 22.2% respectively. Also, residual Cd reduced (24.9%) in 2340 mg kg-1 treatment compared to 1170 mg kg-1 treatment.
Conclusion: Application of sugarcane bagasse biochar in soil led to change Cd from unstable fractions (exchange and associated with carbonates) to stable fractions (associated with Fe/Mn oxides and residual), therefore reduced the mobility of Cd in saline calcareous sandy soil.

Keywords

References

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Journal of Soil Management and Sustainable Production
Volume 11, Issue 3
December 2021
Pages 99-117

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