Quantitative Evaluation of Dissolved and Microbial Biomass Phosphorus Released from Insoluble Phosphates by some Strains in order to Select Efficient Bacteria

Document Type : Complete scientific research article

Authors

1 PhD Student, Dept. of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran

2 Professor, Dept. of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran

3 Associate Professor in Soil and Water Research Institute, AREEO, Karaj, Iran

4 Associate Professor, Dept. of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran

5 Assistant Professor, Dept. of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran

Abstract

Background and Objectives: The efficiency of phosphorus (P) chemical fertilizers in agriculture is relatively low (5-25%). This has led to more P fertilizers’ application which not only increases production costs but also threatens the environment. Therefore, it was necessary to introduce suitable alternatives to replace part of these fertilizers consumption. Phosphate solubilizing bacteria have been identified as a promising option to reduce P chemical fertilizers’ application due to their ability to solve insoluble P in soil environment. These bacteria can assimilate part of the solubilized P, known as the microbial biomass P. This mechanism allows natural ecosystems to be self-sustainable, without the application of phosphate fertilizers. Given the role of potent bacterial strains in dissolving insoluble phosphates and the importance of microbial biomass P in providing part of the plant needed P in the long term, this study was aimed to select efficient strains by quantitative measurement of dissolved P and microbial biomass P after inoculation of bacteria in sperber medium with different phosphate sources.

Materials and Methods: This study was conducted as factorial experiment in a completely randomized design format using two factors in three replications. The first factor was bacteria inoculation including strains: Curtobacterium flaccumfaciens Tkd/4, Pantoea agglomerans Ggd/4 and Sphingobium yanoikuyae Rpd/4, all isolated from Giroud Shemshak Phosphate mine, Bacillus pumilus RPY isolated from Yazd Asfordi Phosphate mine, Pseudomonas putida Ps/14 prepared from Soil and Water Research Institute (isolated from maize farm soil) and blank (contains phosphate sources without bacteria inoculation) and the second factor was three phosphate sources: tricalcium phosphate (TCP), calcium phytate (CPhy) and phosphate main soil (PMS). The measured traits were included pH, EC, dissolved P and microbial biomass P. Total solubilized P from the phosphate source (sum of dissolved P and microbial biomass P), the ratio of dissolved P to microbial biomass P and biosorption percentage of P were calculated as well.

Results: The effect of bacteria strain, posphate source and their interactions was significant on all measured traits (P ≤0.01). The ability of Ps/14 strain to dissolve phosphate was higher than other strains in all three phosphate sources. All strains absorbed more phosphorus from TCP than the other two phosphate sources. Microbial biomass P was higher in phosphate soil treatments inoculated with all strains except Tkd/4 strain than in CPhy treatments inoculated with those strains. The lowest pH (3) and the highest EC (1.53 dS m-1) were observed in the PMS and TCP treaments inoculated with Ps/14 strain, respectively.

Conclusion: The studied strains had different effects on both dissolved P and microbial biomass P properties from different P sources. The ability of Ps/14 strain to dissolve P from all three phosphate sources was higher than the other strains. The results revealed that the strain that has more potential in dissolving P from one source does not necessarily have the same potential in assimilating P from the same source. This can be attributed to the solubility nature of material and the solubilizing capability of the microorganisms. The results of this study also showed that the total solubilized P could be more strongly attributed to dissolved P rather than microbial biomass P. Overall, the results showed that the potent of some of the studied bacteria in both dissolved P and microbial biomass P properties can be considered as a promising option in reducing the application of P fertilizers and increasing their effectiveness.

Keywords

References

1.Aarab, S., El Habil-Addas, F., Laglaoui, A., Bakkali, M., and Arakrak, A. 2015. Solubilization of inorganic phosphate by Pseudomonas strains isolated from rice rhizosphere. International Journal of Biosciences. 6: 10. 116-124.
2.Achat, D.L., Morel, C., Bakker, M.R., Augusto, L., Pellerin, S., Gallet-Budynek, A., and Gonzalez, M. 2010. Assessing turnover of microbial biomass phosphorus: combination of an isotopic dilution method with a mass balance model. Soil Biology and Biochemistry. 42: 12. 2231-2240.
3.Babana, A.H., and Antoun, H. 2006. Effect of Tilemsi phosphate rock-solubilizing microorganisms on phosphorus uptake and yield of field-grown wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in Mali. Plant and Soil. 287: 1-2. 51-58.
4.Billah, M., Khan, M., Bano, A., Hassan, T.U., Munir, A., and Gurmani, A.R. 2019. Phosphorus and phosphate solubilizing bacteria: Keys for sustainable agriculture. Geomicrobiology Journal.36: 10. 904-916.
5.Bashan, Y., Kamnev, A.A., and de-Bashan, L.E. 2013. Tricalcium phosphate is inappropriate as a universal selection factor for isolating and testing phosphate-solubilizing bacteria that enhance plant growth: a proposal for an alternative procedure. Biology and Fertility of Soils. 49: 4. 465-479.
6.Cao, Y., Fu, D., Liu, T., Guo, G., and Hu, Z. 2018. Phosphorus solubilizing and releasing bacteria screening from the rhizosphere in a natural wetland. Water. 10: 2. 195.
7.Chapman, H.D., and Pratt, P.F. 1961. Methods of analysis for soils, plants and waters. Riverside University California press. 309p.
8.Charana Walpola, B., and Yoon M.H. 2013. Phosphate solubilizing bacteria: Assessment of their effect on growth promotion and phosphorous uptake of mung bean (Vigna radiata [L.] R. Wilczek). Chilean Journal of Agricultural Research. 73: 3. 275-281.
9.Chen, G.C., He, Z.L., and Huang, C.Y. 2000. Microbial biomass phosphorus and its significance in predicting phosphorus availability in red soils. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis.31: 5-6. 655-667.
10.Condron, L.M., Turner, B.L., and Cade-Menun, B.J. 2005. Chemistry and Dynamics of Soil Organic Phosphorus. P 87-121. In: J.T. Sims and A.N. Sharpley (eds.) Phosphorus, Agriculture and Environment. ASA, Madison, WI.
11.De Oliveira Mendes, G., Zafra, D.L., Vassilev, N.B., Silva, I.R., Ribeiro, J.I., and Costa, M.D. 2014. Biochar enhances Aspergillus niger rock phosphate solubilization by increasing organic acid production and alleviating fluoride. Applied and Environmental Microbiology. 80: 10. 3081-3085.
12.Ebrahimi, M., Safari-Sinegani, A.A., Sarikhani, M.R., and Aliasgharzad, N. 2018. Study on phosphate solubilizing ability of some bacterial isolates and determination of solubilized phosphorus fractionation in supernatant and microbial biomass. Biological Journal of Microorganism. 7: 25. 109-125. (In Persian)
13.Gerke, J. 2015. Phytate (inositol hexakisphosphate) in soil and phosphate acquisition from inositol phosphates
by higher plants. A review. Plants.4: 2. 253-266.
14.Ghaderi, A., Aliasgharzad, N., Oustan, S., and Olsson, P.A. 2008. Efficiency of three Pseudomonas isolates in releasing phosphate from an artificial variable-charge mineral (iron III hydroxide). Soil and Environment. 27: 1. 71-76.
15.Gilbert, N. 2009. Environment: the disappearing nutrient. Nature News, 461: 7265. 716-718.
16.Glick, B.R. 2012. Plant growth-promoting bacteria: mechanisms and applications. Scientifica (Cairo). Pp: 1-15.
17.Guang-Can, T.A.O., Shu-Jun, T.I.A.N., Miao-Ying, C.A.I., and Guang-Hui, X.I.E. 2008. Phosphate-solubilizing and-mineralizing abilities of bacteria isolated from soils. Pedosphere. 18: 4. 515-523.
18.Gupta, N., Sabat, J., Parida, R., and Kerkatta, D. 2007. Solubilization of tricalcium phosphate and rock phosphate by microbes isolated from chromite, iron and manganese mines. Acta Botanica Croatica. 66: 2. 197-204.
19.Hamdali, H., Hafidi, M., Virolle, M.J., and Ouhdouch, Y. 2008. Rock phosphate-solubilizing Actinomycetes: screening for plant growth-promoting activities. World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology.24: 11. 2565-2575.
20.Huang, L.M., Jia, X.X., Zhang, G.L., and Shao, M.A. 2017. Soil organic phosphorus transformation during ecosystem development. A review. Plant Soil. 417: 17-42.
21.Karami, Y., Samadi, A., Fallah Nosrat Abad, A., Sepehr, E., and Barin, M. 2021. Isolation and characterization of phosphate solubilizing bacteria from phosphate mines and investigation on their soil phosphate solubilization potential. Applied Biology. 35: 3. 83-98.
22.Karpagam, T., and Nagalakshmi, P.K. 2014. Isolation and characterization of phosphate solubilizing microbes from agricultural soil. International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences. 3: 3. 601-614.
23.Keneni, A., Assefa, F., and Prabu, P.C. 2010. Isolation of phosphate solubilizing bacteria from the rhizosphere of faba bean of Ethiopia and their abilities on solubilizing insoluble phosphates. Agricultural Science and Technology. 12: 1. 79-89.
24.Khan, M.S., Zaidi, A., Ahemad, M., Oves, M., and Wani, P.A. 2010. Plant growth promotion by phosphate solubilizing fungi–current perspective. Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science. 56: 1. 73-98.
25.Khoshru, B., and Sarikhani, M.R.2018. Isolation and identification of temperature resistant phosphate solubilizing bacteria for use in phosphatic microbial fertilizer. Journal of Water and Soil. 32: 1. 155-167.(In Persian)
26.Kouno, K., Wu, J., and Brookes, P.C. 2002. Turnover of biomass C and P in soil following incorporation of glucose or ryegrass. Soil Biology and Biochemistry. 34: 617-622.
27.Liebisch, F., Keller, F., Huguenin-Elie, O., Frossard, E., Oberson, A., and Bünemann, E.K. 2014. Seasonal dynamics and turnover of microbial phosphorusin permanent grassland. Biology and Fertility of Soils. 50: 465-475.
28.Liu, Z., Li, Y.C., Zhang, S., Fu, Y.,Fan, X., Patel, J.S., and Zhang, M.2015. Characterization of phosphate-solubilizing bacteria isolated from calcareous soils. Applied Soil Ecology. 96: 217-224.
29.Liu, S. 2019. Identification and characterization of the phosphate-solubilizing bacterium Pantoea sp. S32 in reclamation soil in Shanxi, China. Frontiers in Microbiology. 10: 2171.
30.Maharajan, T., Ceasar, S.A., Ajeesh Krishna, T.P., Ramakrishnan, M., Duraipandiyan, V., Naif Abdulla, A.D., and Ignacimuthu, S. 2018. Utilization of molecular markers for improving the phosphorus efficiency in crop plants. Plant Breeding. 137: 1. 10-26.
31.Melo, J., Carvalho, L., Correia, P., de Souza, S.B., Dias, T., Santana, M., and Ramos, A.C. 2018. Conventional farming disrupts cooperation among phosphate solubilizing bacteria isolated from Carica papaya’s rhizosphere. Applied Soil Ecology. 124: 284-288.
32.Mursyida, E., Mubarik, N.R., and Tjahjoleksono, A. 2015. Selection and identification of phosphate-potassium solubilizing bacteria from the area around the limestone mining in Cirebon quarry. Research Journal of Microbiology. 10: 6. 270.
33.Murphy, J.A.M.E.S., and Riley, J.P. 1962. A modified single solution method for the determination of phosphate in natural waters. Analytica Chimica Acta. 27: 31-36.‏
34.Nautiyal, C.S. 1999. An efficient microbiological growth medium for screening phosphate solubilizing microorganisms. FEMS Microbiology Letters. 170: 1. 265-270.
35.Neal, A.L., Rossmann, M., Brearley, C., Akkari, E., Guyomar, C., Clark,I.M., and Hirsch, P.R. 2017. Land-use influences phosphatase gene microdiversity in soils. Environmental Microbiology. 19: 7. 2740-2753.
36.Ogbo, F.C. 2010. Conversion of cassava wastes for biofertilizer production using phosphate solubilizing fungi. Bioresource Technology. 101: 4120-4124.
37.Oliveira, C.A., Alves, V.M.C., Marriel, I.E., Gomes, E.A., Scotti, M.R., Carneiro, N.P., Guimaraes, C.T., Schaffert, R.E., and Sa, N.M.H. 2009. Phosphate solubilizing microorganisms isolated from rhizosphere of maize cultivated in an oxisol of the Brazilian Cerrado Biome. Soil Biology and Biochemistry. 41: 9. 1782-1787.
38.Park, J., Bolan, N., Mallavarapu, M., and Naidu, R. 2010. Enhancing the solubility of insoluble phosphorus compounds by phosphate solubilizing bacteria. 19th World Congress of Soil Science, Soil Solutions for a Changing World Brisbane. 1-6 August. 2010.
65-68.
39.Park, J.H., Bolan, N., Megharaj, M.,
and Naidu, R. 2011. Isolation of phosphate solubilizing bacteria and their potential for lead immobilization in
soil. Hazardous Materials Journal.185: 829-836.
40.Paul, D., and Sinha, S.N. 2013. Isolation of phosphate solubilizing bacteria and total heterotrophic bacteria from river water and study of phosphatase activity of phosphate solubilizing bacteria. Advances in Applied Science Research. 4: 4. 409-412.
41.Peix, A., Rivas-Boyero, A.A., Mateos, P.F., Rodriguez-Barrueco, C., Martınez-Molina, E., and Velazquez, E. 2001. Growth promotion of chickpea and barley by a phosphate solubilizing strains of Mesorhizobium mediterraneum under growth chamber conditions.
Soil Biology and Biochemistry.33: 1. 103-110.
42.Rodrı́guez, H., and Fraga, R. 1999. Phosphate solubilizing bacteria and their role in plant growth promotion. Biotechnology Advances. 17: 4. 319-339.
43.Savita, P.D., Suvarna, V.C., Yallappa, M., and Nivetha, N. 2017. Phytate solubilizing microorganisms and enzyme phytase to combat nutritional problems in cereal-based foods. Bacteriology and Mycology. 4: 3. 86-89.
44.Schnug, E., and Haneklaus, S.H. 2016. The Enigma of Fertilizer Phosphorus Utilization. P 7-26. In: E. Schnug and L.J. De Kok (eds.) Phosphorus in Agriculture. Springer Netherlands, Dordrecht.
45.Sperber, J.I. 1985. The incidence of apatite-solubilizing organisms in the rhizosphere and soil. Crop and Pasture Science. 9: 6. 778-781.
46.Tan, H., Wu, X., Xie, L., Huang, Z., Peng, W., and Gan, B. 2016. Identification and characterization of a mesophilic phytase highly resilient to high-temperatures from fungus-garden associated metagenome. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology.100: 2225-2241.
47.Taurian, T., Anzuay, M.S., Angelini, J.G., Tonelli, M.L., Ludueña, L.,Pena, D., Ibáñez, F., and Fabra, A.2010. Phosphate-solubilizing peanut associated bacteria: screening for plant growth-promoting activities. Plant and Soil. 329: 1-2. 421-431.
48.Unno, Y., Okubo, K., Wasaki, J., Shinano, T., and Osaki, M. 2005.Plant growth promotion abilities and microscale bacterial dynamics in the rhizosphere of Lupin analysed by phytate utilization ability. Environmental Microbiology. 7: 3. 396-404.
49.Vyas, P., and Gulati, A. 2009. Organic acid production in vitro and plant growth promotion in maize under controlled environment by phosphate-solubilizing fluorescent Pseudomonas. BMC Microbiology. 9: 1. 1-15.
50.Wan, W., Qin, Y., Wu, H., Zuo, W., He, H., Tan, J., and Hem, D. 2020. Isolation and characterization of phosphorus solubilizing bacteria with multiple phosphorus sources utilizing capability and their potential for lead immobilization in soil. Frontiers in Microbiology. 11: 1-15.
51.Whitelaw, M.A., Harden, T.J., and Helyar, K.R. 1999. Phosphate solubilisation in solution culture by the soil fungus Penicillium radicum. Soil Biology and Biochemistry. 31: 5. 655-665.
52.Wu, J., Huang, M., Xiao, H.A.,Su, Y.R., Tong, C.L., Huang, D.Y.,and Syers, J.K. 2007. Dynamics in microbial immobilization and transformations of phosphorus in highly weathered subtropical soil following organic amendments. Plant and Soil. 290: 1-2. 333-342.
53.Xiao, C.Q., Wu, X.Y., and Chi,R.A. 2015. Dephosphorization of high-phosphorus iron ore using different sources of Aspergillus Niger strains. Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology. 176: 2. 518-528.
54.Xiao, C., Zhou, Y., Hu, J., Guo, S., Zhou, N., and Chi, R. 2020. Biosolubilization of low-grade rock phosphate by native microbial consortia from phosphate mines: effect of sampling sources and culture media. Geomicrobiology Journal. 37: 9. 859-866.
55.Yadav, H., Gothwal, R.K., Solanki, P.S., Nehra, S., Sinha-Roy, S., and Ghosh, P. 2015. Isolation and characterization of thermo-tolerant phosphate-solubilizing bacteria from a phosphate mine and their rock phosphate solubilizing abilities. Geomicrobiology Journal, 32: 6. 475-481.
56.Zhang, L., Ding, X., Peng, Y., George, T.S., and Feng, G. 2018. Closing the loop on phosphorus loss from intensive agricultural soil: A microbial immobilization solution. Frontiers in Microbiology. 9: 104.
Journal of Soil Management and Sustainable Production
Volume 11, Issue 4
January 2022
Pages 55-75

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics