The effects of biochar types application on the concentration of silicon and some essential nutrients in the soil with silty clay loam texture

Document Type : Complete scientific research article

Authors

1 Ph.D student, Dept. of Soil Science and Engineering, Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University

2 Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agronomy, Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University (SANRU), Sari, IRAN

3 Department of soil sciences, Faculty of crop sciences, Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University, Sari,, Iran

4 Associate Prof., Dept. of Soil Science and Engineering, Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University

5 M.Sc. Graduate, Dept. of Soil Science and Engineering, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz

Abstract

Background and objectives: Most of the Iranian soils are poor in organic matter due to poor management; including monoculture system and lake of crop rotation, removal of plant residues from the field, arid and semi-arid climates and non-utilization of organic fertilizers and organic amendment. Improper use of chemical fertilizers to increase agricultural production has initiated environmental issue and diminish soil fertility. Nowadays, with the development of organic farming, the use of organic amendments to replace the application of chemical fertilizers took a pay attention. The sugarcane is a plant that accumulates silicon. The poor management of sugarcane cultivation can reduce available silicon. Biochar is one of the most important organic compounds for improving soil properties, carbon content and improving the concentration of available silicon. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of biochar types application on the concentrations of silicon and some essential elements of the sugarcane field soil.
Materials and methods: In order to investigate the effects of biochar types application on the concentration of silicon and some essential nutrients in the sugarcane field soil, an experimental design was carried out as a factorial experiment based on a randomized complete design with two factors including biochar and chemical fertilizer in a completely randomized design with three replications in the greenhouse of Imam Khomeini Agro-Industrial Company in Khuzestan. The applied biochar was included sugarcane bagasse, rice husk, rice straw, wheat straw and dicer wood chips, which were produced at 300 °C for 3 hours in a pyrolysis furnace. Experimental treatments included the control (soil without any biochar or chemical fertilizers), biochar, chemical fertilizers and mixture of biochar and chemical fertilizers. Biochar was added to the soil based on one percent weight and the treatments were incubated for three months in the field capacity water content. At the end of the incubation period, the concentrations of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, silicon, iron, manganese, copper and zinc were measured.
Results: The results showed that the effects of treatments on the concentration of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, silicon, iron, manganese, copper and zinc in the soil was significant. The mixture of rice straw biochar and nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium from chemical fertilizer sources (RSB + NPK) treatment had the highest available concentration of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the soil. The highest available soil silicon concentrations were related to the treatments of mixture of rice straw biochar and nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium from chemical fertilizer sources (RSB + NPK), mixture of rice straw biochar and nitrogen and phosphorus from chemical fertilizer sources (RSB + NP) and mixture of rice straw biochar and phosphorus from chemical fertilizer sources (RSB + P). There was no significant difference between these treatments and treatments of rice straw biochar along with phosphorus and potassium (RSB + PK) and rice straw biochar (RSB).
Conclusion: In general, the results of this study showed that treatments with biochar (either biochar alone or mixture of biochar and chemical fertilizer) increased the available concentration of soil nutrients more than treatments without biochar (control and chemical fertilizer). Among the biochars, rice straw biochar, sugarcane bagasse biochar and rice husk biochar were most useful to increase the available concentration of nutrients. In general, it can be concluded that because biochar is a rich source of the nutrients and has a positive effect on soil properties, Hence, it can be used as useful material factor to improve soil fertility.

Keywords

References

 1.Kimetu, J., Lehmann, J., Ngoze, S., Mugendi, D., Kinyangi, J., Riha, S., Verchot, L., Recha, J., and Pell, A. 2008. Reversibility of soil productivity decline with organic matter of differing quality along a degradation gradient. Ecosystems. 11: 726-739.
2.Wang, J., Xiong, Z., and Kuzyakov, Y. 2016. Biochar stability in soil: metal analysis of decomposition and priming effects. Gcb Bioenergy. 8: 3. 512-523.
3.Vaccari, F.P., Baronti, S., Lugato, E., Genesio, L., Castaldi, S., Fornasier, F., and Miglietta, F. 2011. Biochar as a strategy to sequester carbon and increase yield in durum wheat. European Journal of Agronomy. 34: 4. 231-238.
4.Singh, B.P., Hatton, B.J., Singh, B., Cowie, A., and Kathuria, A. 2010. Influence of biochars on nitrous oxide emission and nitrogen leaching from two contrasting soils. Journal of Environmental Quality. 39: 1224-1235.
5.Masulili, A., and Utomo, W.H. 2010. Rice husk biochar for rice raised cropping system in acid soil 1. The characteristics of rice husk biochar and its influence on the properties of acid sulfate soils and rice growth in west Kalimantan. Indonesia. Agricultural Science. 2: 1. 39-47.
6.Song, A.L., Ning, D.F., Fan, F.L., Li, Z.J., Provance-Bowley, M., and Liang, Y.C. 2015. The potential for carbon bio-sequestration in China's paddy rice (Oryza sativa L.) as impacted by slag-based silicate fertilizer. Scientific Report. 5: 1-12.
7.Houben, D., Sonnet, P., and Cornelis,J.T. 2013. Biochar from Miscanthus:a potential silicon fertilizer. Plant Soil.374: 871-882.
8.Abbas, T., Rizwan, M., Ali, S., Zia-ur-Rehman, M., Qayyum, M.F., Abbas, F., Hannan, F., Rinklebe, J., and Ok, Y.S. 2017. Effect of biochar on cadmium bioavailability and uptake in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) grown in a soil with aged contamination. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety. 140: 37-47.
9.Xiao, X., Chen, B., and Zhu, L. 2014. Transformation, morphology, and dissolution of silicon and carbon in rice straw-derived biochars under different pyrolytic temperatures. Environmental Science & Technology. 48: 3411-3419.
10.Sadegh-Zadeh, F., Fallah Tolekolai, S., Bahmanyar, M.A., and Emadi, M. 2018. Application of biochar and compost for enhancement of rice (Oryza sativa L.) grain yield in calcareous sandy soil. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis. 49: 5. 552-566.
11.Divband Hafshejani, L., Naseri, A.A., Hooshmand, A., Abbasi, F., and Sultani Mohammadi, A. 2017. Effect of Sugarcane Bagasse Biochar Application on Chemical Properties a Sandy Loam Soil. Journal of Irrigation Science and Engineering. 40: 1. 63-72. (In Persian)
12.Rasuli, F., Owliaie, H., Najafi-Ghiri, M., and Adhami, E. 2021. Effect of biochar on potassium fractions and plant-available P, Fe, Zn, Mn and Cu concentrations of calcareous soils. Arid Land Research and Management, pp. 1-26.
13.Laird, D.A., Fleming, P.D., Karlen, D.L., Wang, B., and Horton, R. 2010. Biochar impact on nutrient leaching from a Midwestern agricultural soil. Geoderma. 158: 436-442.
14.Masto, R.E., Kumar, S., Rout, T.K., Sarkar, P., George, J., and Ram, L.C. 2013. Biochar from water hyacinth (Eichornia crassipes) and its impact on soil biological activity. Catena.111: 64-71.
15.Major, J., Rondon, M., Molina, D.,Riha, S.J., and Lehmann, J. 2013.Maize yield and nutrition during 4 years after biochar application to a Colombian savanna oxisol. Plant Soil. 333: 1-2. 117-128.
16.Lehmann, J. 2007. Bio-energy in the black. Frontiers in Ecology and Environment. 5: 38-387.
17.Chan, K.Y., Van Zwieten, L., Meszaros, I., Downie, A., and Joseph, S. 2007. Agronomic values of green waste biochar as a soil amendment. Australian Journal of Soil Research. 45: 629-634.
18.Chan, K.Y., and Xu, Z. 2009.Biochar: Nutrient properties and their enhancement. In: Lehmann, J.and Joseph, S., Eds., Biochar for Environmental Management: Science and Technology. Earthscan. London.pp. 67-84.
19.Sohi, S.P., Krull, E., Lopez-Capel, E. and Bol, R. 2010. A review of biochar and its use and function in soil. P 47-82. In Advances in Agronomy. Publisher Elsevier Academic Press Inc., ISSN 0065-2213, San Diego, CA-92101-4495, USA.
20.Rondon, M.A., Lehmann, J., Ramírez, J., and Hurtado, M. 2007. Biological nitrogen fixation by common beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) increases with biochar additions. Biology and Fertility of Soils. 43: 699-708.
21.Amonette, J.E., and Joseph, S. 2009. Characteristics of Biochar: Microchemical Properties. P 33-52. In: J. Lehmann,
and S. Joseph, S., (eds.), Biochar for Environmental Management: Science and Technology. Earthscan. London.
22.D5142. 2009. Standard test methods for proximate analysis of the analysis sample of coal and coke by instrumental procedures. West Conshohocken, PA: American Society for Testing and Materials. 5p.
23.Olsen, S.R., and Sommers, L.E. 1982. Phosphorus. P 403-430. In Methods of Soil Analysis, A.L. Page, R.H. Miller, and D.R. Keeney, (eds.), Part 2, 2nd ed. USA: Am. Soc. Agron., Madison, WI.
24.Lindsay, W.L., and Norvell, W.A. 1978. Development of DTPA soil test for zinc, iron, manganese, and copper.
Soil Sciences Social American Journal. 42: 421-28.
25.Nelson, D.W., and Sommers, L.E. 1980. Total nitrogen analysis for soil and plant tissues. Journal Association Office Analysis Chemical. 63: 770-78.
26.Rahoads, J.D., Ingvabon, R.D., and Hatcher, D.D. 1970. Labortory determination Leacheable soil boron. Soil Science Socitey of America Journal. 34: 871-875.
27.Westeman, R.E.L. 1990. Soil testing and plant analysis. SSSA. Madison.pp. 534-578.
28.Haysom, M.B.C., and Chapman, L.S. 1975. Some aspects of the calcium silicate trials at Mackay, Proceedings of the Queensland Society of Sugar Cane Technology. 42: 117-22.
29.Steiner, C., Glaser, B., Teixeira, W.G., Lehmann, J., Blum, W.E.H., and Zech, W. 2008. Nitrogen retention and plant uptake on a highly weathered central Amazonian Ferralsol amended with compost and charcoal. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science. 171: 893-899.
30.Xia, H., Riaz, M., Zhang, M., Liu, B., El-Desouki, Z., and Jiang, C. 2020. Biochar increases nitrogen use efficiency of maize by relieving aluminum toxicity and improving soil quality in acidic soil, Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety. 196: 110531.
31.Sujana, I.P., Lanya, I., Subadiyasa, I.N.N., and Suarna, I.W. 2014. The effect of dose biochar and organic matters on soil characteristic and corn plants growth on the land degraded by garment liquid waste. Journal of Biology. Agriculture and Healthcare.4: 5. 77-88.
32.Zhai, L., CaiJi, Z., Liu, J., Wang, H., Ren, T., Gai, X., and Liu, H. 2015. Short-term effects of maize residue biochar on phosphorus availability in two soils with different phosphorus sorption capacities. Biology and Fertility of Soils, 51: 1. 113-122.
33.Manolikaki, I.I., Mangolis, A., and Diamadopoulos, E. 2016. The impact of biochars prepared from agricultural residues on phosphorus release and availability in two fertile soils Journal of Environmental Management. 181: 536-543.
34.Najafi-Ghiri, M. 2014. Effect of Different Biochars Application on Some Soil Properties and Nutrients Availability in a Calcareous Soil. Journal of Soil Research. 29: 3. 351-358. (In Persian)
35.Gaskin, J.W., Steiner, C., Harris, K., Das, K.C., and Bibens, B. 2008. Effect of low-temperature pyrolysis conditions on biochar for agricultural use. Transactions of the (American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers ISSN) ASABE. 51: 6. 2061-2069.
36.Novak, J.M., Busscher, J.W., Laird, D.L., Ahmedna, D.W., Watts, M.A., and Niandou, S. 2009. Impact of biochar amendment on fertility of a southeastern coastal plain soil. Soil Science.174: 105-112.
37.Moradi, N., Rasouli-Sadaghiani, M.H., and Sepehr, E. 2017. Effect of biochar types and rates on some soil properties and nutrients availability in a calcareous soil. Journal of Water and Soil.31: 4. 1232-1246. (In Persian)
38.Karimi, A., Moezzi, A., Charm, M., and Enayati Zamir, N. 2020. Effect of sugarcane bagasse biochar on nutrient availability and biological characteristics in a calcareous soil. Applied Soil Research. 89: 1. 1-17. (In Persian)
Journal of Soil Management and Sustainable Production
Volume 12, Issue 2
July 2022
Pages 87-105

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics