Investigation of azolla compost, azolla biochar and rice husk biochar, on the improvement of some soil chemical properties

Document Type : Complete scientific research article

Authors

1 PhD student in Biology and Biotechnology in Soil Science. Department of soil science. Collage of agriculture. Islamic Azad University. Isfahan (Khorasgan) branch. Isfahan. Iran.

2 Professor of department of soil science. Collage of agriculture. Islamic Azad University. Isfahan (Khorasgan) branch. Isfahan. Iran.

3 assist prof, Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch, Islamic Azad University

4 Professor of department of soil science. College of agriculture. Isfahan university of Technology. Isfahan. Iran.

Abstract

Background and objectives: Considering the two environmental problems that have plagued the northern provinces of the country in the recent years, they include a high volume of waste after harvesting rice and the excessive growth of azolla fern and the waste after collecting it from the surface waters. This research was carried out in the production of biological conditioners from these wastes and their effect on improving and strengthening the soil edge of the Anzali lagoon. Therefore, biochars have been prepared from azolla fern and rice husk and azolla compost was also prepared as biologicalal conditioners. The effect of these three conditioners on the chemical characteristics of the soil at the edge of the lagoon were investigated. This is the first time that two environmental problems (azolla fern and rice wastes) have been used as an opportunity to improve and strengthen the soils of the region.
Materials and methods: For this research, at first, soil samples were taken from the edge of the lagoon. After producing the remedial treatments (rice husk biochar, azolla biochar and azolla compost), they were mixed with the soil sampled from the edge of the lagoon at three levels of 0 (control), 2 and 4% and the treatment was carried out. The samples were incubated in closed incubation containers of 1 kg for a period of six months and the treatments were prepared in 3 repetitions. At the end of the incubation period, the chemical characteristics of the soil including: acidity, electrical conductivity, cation exchange capacity, percentage of organic matter, percentage of organic carbon, and amount of: calcium, magnesium, sodium, potassium, phosphorus, and nitrogen, were measured. This research was conducted as a factorial experiment and in the form of a completely randomized design.
Results: The results of the analysis of variance showed that the effect of the type of biochar and its level, as well as their mutual effect on all the examined characteristics, was significant at the 1% level compared to the control sample. Among the remedial treatments, biochar azolla treatment recorded the best result compared to other remedial treatments with the highest increasing performance on the available phosphorus, nitrogen, sodium, magnesium, organic matter percentage and pH. After that, azolla compost remedial treatment with high increase performance on available potassium, electrical conductivity and cation exchange capacity recorded a better result. The best performance of the modifying treatments was mainly observed at the level of 4 mass percent of the treatment mixed with the soil. By increasing the level of the modifier compound with soil, a significant increase was observed at the level of 5% in all the measured characteristics and elements.
Conclusion: The results of the analysis of variance of the effect of time, biochar type, level of polluted water and level of biochar on all the investigated parameters showed a significant effect at the 1% level compared to the control sample. According to the results of this research, by using biological conditioner such as biochar and compost, it can be seen reducing the amount of agricultural waste and the problems caused by them (depositing, burying and burning them), we can use these problems as an opportunity. Used to modify, strengthen and improve the chemical properties of soils.
Keywords: biochar, Azolla compost, rice husk biochar

Keywords

Main Subjects

References

 1.Gui, J., Liu, X., Zhang, Y., Shen, J., Han, W., Zhang, W., Christie, P., Goulding, K., Vitousek, P., & Zhang, F. (2010). Significant acidification in major Chinese. Croplands Science. 327, 1008-1010. DOI: 10.1126/science.1182570.
2.Javdankherad, E. (2015). Measurement and determination of normal alkanes in surface sediments at the outlet of Anzali lagoon. 1th national environment conference. Tehran. Iran. [In Persian]. https://civilica.com/doc/279330.
3.Rafati, M., Moslehi, M., & Ahmadi, A. (2019). Investigation of the effects of Azolla combination with organic and inorganic fertilizers on growth indices of deltoid poplar. Journal of Environmental Science and Technology. 21 (2), 227-239. [In Persian]. DOI: 10.22034/JEST.2019. 13965.
4.Khosravi, H. (2022). The role of biomineralization of nitrogen in organic matter in the decomposition of crop residues. Iranian Journal of Biology.6 (11), 84-91. [In Persian]. DOI: 20.1001. 1.20089406.1401.6.11.8.5.
5.Rahimi, A., Abbaspoor, A., Asghari, H. R., & Ghorbani, H. (2016). Kinetics of surface absorption of chromate from aqueous solutions by rice bran and elder leaf biochar. 2th national conference on sustainable management of soil resources and environment (quality, health and security of soil).Kerman, Iran. [In Persian]. https://civilica.com/doc/558259.
6.Zaman, B., Shabanpour, M., & Forghani, A. (2016). The effect of straw and rice stubble biochar and organic matter
on some soil physical properties. 15th Congress of Soil Sciences of Iran. [In Persian]. https://civilica.com/doc/ 729571/.
7.Ghorbani, M., Asadi, H., & Abrishamkesh, S. (2019). Effects of rice husk biochar on selected soil properties and nitrate leaching in loamy sand and clay soil. International Soil and Water Conservation Research. 7 (3), 258-265. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2095633918302442.
8.Mousavi Dizkuhi, H., Shahsavani, Sh., Derakhshan Shadmehri, A., Parsaeeyan, M., & Razavipour, T. (2013). The effect of Nitrocara biological fertilizer, Azolla compost and phosphorus on the stemworm population. The 15th Congress of Soil Sciences of Iran. Tehran. Iran. [In Persian]. https://civilica.com/doc/ 729540.
9.Vahedi, R., & Rasouli, M. (2019). The effect of tree pruning residue compost on some microbiological indicators of a calcareous soil in the presence of mycorrhizae under rhizobox conditions. Journal of Water and Soil. 32 (6), 1165-1177. [In Persian]. DOI: 10.22067/JSW.V32I5.71736.
10.Mohammady, S., Forghanhi, A., & Saburi, A. (2017). Investigating the effects of two types of biochar on the nutrient status of acidic soil. The 1th international conference and the second national conference on agriculture, environment and food security.Jiroft University. 18-32. [In Persian]. https://issc.areeo.ac.ir/article_32915.html.
11.Ryan, J., Estefan, G., & Rashid, A. (2006). Soil and Plant Analysis Laboratory Manual. ICARDA. 37, 2185-2198. DOI: 10.4236/vp.2020.64020.
12.Power, J., & Prasad, R. (2002). Translated by Moazardalan, M., & Sawaghebi, Gh. Soil Fertility Management for Sustainable Agriculture. Tehran. University of Tehran Press. 388p. [In Persian]
13.Cheng, Y., Cai, Z., Chang, S. X., Wang, J., & Zhang, J. (2012). Wheat straw and its biochar have contrasting effects on inorganic N retention and N2O production in a cultivated Black Chernozem. Journal of Biology and Fertility of Soils. 48 (8), 946-941. DOI: 10.1007/s00374-012-0687-0.
14.Kim, P., & Hensley, D. N. (2014). Nutrient release from switchgrass derived biochar pellets embedded with fertilizers. Geoderma. 232, 341-351. DOI:10.1016/j.geoderma.2014.05.017.
15.Zolfi Bavariyani, M., Ronaghi, A., Karimiyan, N., & Ghasemi, R. (2016). The effect of biochar prepared from poultry manure at different temperatures on the chemical properties of a calcareous soil. Journal of Soil and Water Sciences, Agricultural Science and Technology and Natural Resources. Isfahan University of Technology. 75, 85-73. [In Persian]. DOI: 10.18869/ acadpub.jstnar.20.75.73.
16.Goleig, B., Shariatmadari, H., & Soleimani, M. (2015). The effect of rice coal biochar on some soil properties and corn growth, Master Thesis in Soil Science. Isfahan University of Technology. [In Persian]. https://elmnet.ir/ article/ 10803406-22132/.
17.Bahrami, A., Emadodin, I. M., Ranjbar, A., & RudolfBork, H. (2010). Landuse change and soil degradation: a case study, north of Iran. Agriculture & Biology Journal of North America. 1 (4), 600-605. https://scihub.org/ ABJNA/PDF/2010/4/1-4-600-605.pdf.
18.Zhang, A. F., Bian, R. J., Pan, G. X., Cui, L. Q., Hussain, Q., Li, L. Q., Zheng, J. W., Zheng, J. F., Zhang, X. H., & Han, X. J. (2012). Effects of biochar amendment on soil quality, crop yield and greenhouse gas 18- emission in a Chinese rice paddy: A field study of 2 consecutive rice growing cycles. Field Crops. 127, 153-160. https:// www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/ pii/S0165237017309312.
19.Singh, H. P., Batish, D. R., & Kohli, R. K. (2003). Allelopathic interactions & allelochemicals: New possibilities or sustainable weed. Critical Reviews in Plant Sciences. 22 (4), 239-311. DOI: /10.1080/713610858.
20.Wang, G., Li, H., Ye, X., Geng, Z., Zhou, H., Guo, X., & Zhang, Y. (2016). The influence of biochar type on long-term stabilization for Cd and Cu in contaminated paddy soils. Journal of Hazardous Materials. 304, 40-48. DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2015.10.048.
21.Novak, J. M., Busscher, W. J., Laird, D. L., Ahmedna, M., Watts, D. W., & Niandou, M. A. (2009). Impact of biochar amendment on fertility of a southeastern coastal plain soil. Soil Science. 174 (2), 105-112. DOI: l0.1097SS.0b013e3 18t98td9a.
22.Xu, G., Shao, H. B., & Sun, J. N. (2013). What is more important for enhancing nutrient bioavailability with biochar application into a sandy soil: direct or indirect mechanism. Ecological Engineering. 52, 119-124. DOI: 10.1016/ j.ecoleng.2012.12.091.
23.Widowati, W. H., Guritno, B., & Soehono, L. A. (2012). The Effect of biochar on the growth and N fertilizer requirement of Maize (Zea mays L.) in green house Experiment. Journal of Agricultural Science. 5 (4), 255-264. DOI:10.5539/jas.v4n5p255.
24.Roberts, K. G., Gloy, B. A., Joseph, S., Scott, N. R., & Lehmann, J. (2009). Life cycle assessment of biochar systems: estimating the energetic, economic and climate change potential. Enviroment Science Technology. 44, 27-33. DOI: 10.1021/es902266r.
25.NajafiQiri, M. (2015). The effect of application of different biochar on soil properties and the ability to absorb some nutrients in calcareous soil. Journal of Soil Research. 3, 352-358. [In Persian]. DOI: 10.22092/IJSR.2014.103501.
26.Karaca, S., Gurses, A., Ejder, M., & Acikyildiz, M. (2014). Kinetic modeling of liquidphase adsorption of phosphate on dolomite. Journal Colloid and Interface Science. 277, 257-263. DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2004.04.042.
Journal of Soil Management and Sustainable Production
Volume 13, Issue 4
January 2024
Pages 29-52

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics