Interaction of rhizobium bacterium, mycorrhiza fungus and smoke water solution on root traits and agrophysiological characteristics of chickpea

Document Type : Complete scientific research article

Authors

1 M.Sc graduate,, Department of Plant Production and Genetic, Faculty of Science and Agricultural Engineering, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran.

2 Associate Professor, Department of Plant Production and Genetic, Faculty of Science and Agricultural Engineering, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran.

3 Sararood Branch, Dryland Agricultural Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Kermanshah, Iran.

Abstract

Background and Objectives: Plant nutrition, especially rainfed crops, is one of the most important management programs in increasing the quantitative and qualitative yield of crops. So that, the method of plant nutrition is accompanied by reducing production costs and preserving the environment and in the implementation of sustainable agriculture. Therefore, in order to investigate the interaction of smoke water, mycorrhiza fungus and rhizobium bacteria on root traits and agrophysiological characteristics of chickpea, an experiment was carried out in the crop year of 2019 in the research farm at Campus of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Razi University.
Materials and Methods: The experiment was carried out as split plots based on a randomized complete block design with three replications. The treatments included four levels of smoke water and the type of application (one liter per hectare as foliar spraying, 2 and 4 liters per hectare as soil application and control) as the main plots and three combinations of microorganisms including rhizobium (1750 grams of chickpea + 100 cc of Mesorhizobium Ciceri), mycorrhiza (1750 grams of chickpea + 100 cc of water + 60 grams of arbuscular mycorrhizae + 5 grams of sugar), rhizobium and mycorrhiza (1750 grams of chickpeas + 100 cc of rhizobium + 60 grams of mycorrhiza) along with the control were considered as sub plots.
Results: The results showed that the effect of smoke water on the characteristics of number of root nodules, root diameter, Catalase Enzyme and leaf sugar solution were significant. The effect of biological fertilizers on the characteristics of number of nodules, root length, root diameter, root dry weight, leaf sugar solution, relative leaf water content, Superoxide dismutase enzyme and Catalase enzyme were significant. The interaction effect of smoke water × biological fertilizer was significant on total chlorophyll and carotenoids. The smoke water factor (1 lit/ha) at two growth stages (vegetative and the beginning of flowering) in terms of Catalase enzyme (189.76 U g-1 mg-1 Sol. Protein), total chlorophyll (29.167 mg/g) and carotenoids (9.3 mg/g) had the highest values. The soil used of smoke water (4 lit/ha) in terms of root diameter (4.9 mm) and leaf sugar solution (395.35 mg/g fw) also took the highest values. The use of rhizobium with mycorrhiza in terms of root length (20.4 cm), and rhizobium inoculation alone in terms of the number of root nodules (31 nodules) and root diameter (4.9 mm) and mycorrhiza inoculation alone obtained the highest values in terms of root dry weight (1.2 g) and relative leaf water content (67.1 %).
Conclusion: In generally, spraying of smoke water with 1 lit/ha at two stages along with inoculation of seeds with rhizobium and mycorrhiza can improve chickpea agrophysiological characteristics under rainfed condition.

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Main Subjects

References

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Journal of Soil Management and Sustainable Production
Volume 14, Issue 2
July 2024
Pages 47-65

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