The effect of foliar application and biochar enriched with zinc on some characteristics of vegetative growth, yield components and availability of zinc in wheat

Document Type : Complete scientific research article

Authors

1 PhD student, Department of Soil Science, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran.

2 Associate Professor, Department of Soil Science, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran.

Abstract

Background and Objective: Zinc is an essential micronutrient that is necessary for healthy plant growth and enzyme activity. Zinc deficiency occurs in most cereal cultivation lands. On the other hand, nutrient-rich biochars are deemed by researchers to improve nutrient use efficiency and plant growth. Biochars have high nutrient uptake capability. However, a limited number of studies have been done on their application as a nutrient carrier in organic-inorganic composite synthesis. Therefore, the present study was done to investigate the efficiency of zinc-enriched biochar pellets using two pre-pyrolysis and post- pyrolysis methods, and their effect on some vegetative characteristics, yield components and zinc availability in wheat.
Material and Methods: Soil with zinc deficiency was collected from 0-30 cm depth under arable lands of Seyed Abad located in Azadshahr township, Golestan Province, Iran. To achieve the objectives of this study, a factorial experiment in a completely randomized design with three replications and 18 treatments (54 pots in total) was performed in the greenhouse of Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources. Factors included three types of zinc fertilizers (zinc sulphate, zinc-rich biochar prepared using pre-pyrolysis and post-pyrolysis methods) in three levels (0, 10 and 20 mg/kg zinc) and foliar spraying (distilled water and 3:1000 zinc). Zinc foliar spraying was done during the 6-10 leaf stage in the early hours of the morning before sunrise. Irrigation and weeding operations were performed manually. At the end of the growing period (vegetative and reproductive), vegetative characteristics and yield components including plant fresh and dry weights (at two stages of flag leaf emergence and seed maturity, plant height (at two stages of flag leaf emergence and seed maturity, plant height), leaf number, stem diameter, spike length, 1000 grain weight and zinc concentration in grains were measured and then, biological yield and harvest index were determined.
Results: Based on the results, the interaction of type and level of treatments was significant on all the studied traits at p<0.01, except for leaf number. Comparison of means showed that the highest plant dry weight (2.60 g/pot), height (96.66 cm), spike length (13.36 cm) and stem diameter (3.5 cm) were related to post-pyrolysis biochar pellet at 20 mg/kg and zinc sulphate foliar spraying. These values were higher than the pre-pyrolysis biochar pellet at 20 mg/kg and zinc sulphate foliar spraying treatment by 5.38, 0.7, 3.96 and 8 percent, respectively. Post-pyrolysis biochar pellet at 20 mg/kg and zinc sulphate foliar spraying treatment had the highest biological yield and harvest index with an average of 4.5 and 42.37% shoot dry weight, respectively, which was due to the high values of shoot dry weight (2.60), zinc concentration in grains (69.66 mg/kg) and 1000 grain weight (50.03 g).
Conclusion: Overall, the results indicate the positive role of biochar-zinc composites in the improvement of wheat growth characteristics and yield components. It may be concluded that post-pyrolysis biochar pellet at 20 mg/kg and zinc sulphate foliar spraying treatment had the highest effect on wheat vegetative growth and yield components.

Keywords

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References

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Journal of Soil Management and Sustainable Production
Volume 14, Issue 3
October 2024
Pages 27-51

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