Investigation of soil pollution Shazand plain with heavy metal and preparing a soil pollution map using indicator kriging

Document Type : Complete scientific research article

Authors

1 MSc of Environmental Engineering, Islamic Azad University Hamadan

2 Professor Department of the Environment, College of Basic Sciences, Hamedan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Hamedan, Iran

Abstract

Background and Objective: Today, heavy metal pollution has spread widely on the planet and has caused environmental disturbances and serious risks to human health. In general, the main cause of this issue is the rapid pace of urbanization, land use changes and industrialization, especially in developing countries with a very high population. The aim of the study was conducted to evaluate the Indicator kriging and the source of heavy metals contamination in the surface soil of the Shazand plain in the Markazi province.
Materials and Methods: The studied area is a part of the lands around the industrial complex in Shazand plain. 230 Surface soil samples were collected from zero to 15 cm soil depth in 1398 based on a stratified random pattern. The total (quasi-total) concentration of arsenic, zinc, lead, cadmium, copper and nickel metals was measured. An Indicator kriging, which determines the probability of variable values that are above a known threshold, was used to prepare heavy metal risk maps. The level of soil pollution in the region was measured using (Igeo) and (EF). In order to determine the possible origin of heavy metals, principal component analysis (PCA) was used in SPSS version 22 software.

Results: The The Mean concentrations of arsenic, zinc, lead, cadmium, copper and nickel was 151.78, 104.04, 37.88, 1.17, 13.48 and 92.98 mg/kg, respectively. By comparing the average concentration of all metals It is observed that the concentration of lead, cadmium, arsenic, nickel and zinc is 1.4, 2.6, 18, 3.5 and 1.7 times higher than the mean of world soils, which shows that the studied area It has a high level of pollution of these metals. About 90% and 100% of the soil samples for cadmium and arsenic, respectively, had higher concentrations than mean of world soils global soils. Based on principal component analysis, three components accounted for 81% of the total variance. The results of principal component analysis showed that the first component (lead, zinc) can be defined as an anthropogenic component due to the high amount of rotated factor load of these metals. The origin of these metals may be from the waste, tailings and acid drainage of the lead and zinc mine in the building. The second component (nickel and copper) can be described as a geological component. These metals probably originate from geological sources. The third component included arsenic. Arsenic in soil may be caused by human activities, including the release of industrial gases (refinery, petrochemical, and power plant), mining, and resuspension of atmospheric dust. Considering the wide area of agricultural land in the studied area, the origin of cadmium in the area may also be due to the consumption of phosphorus fertilizers. The Indicator kriging showed that the high risk of heavy metal contamination is as follows: arsenic > cadmium > nickel > lead > zinc > copper. The calculated enrichment factor values ranged from no enrichment to significant enrichment. The average of geo-accumulation index for lead, cadmium, copper, nickel, zinc and arsenic was 0.37, 1.59, -2.53, -0.48, -0.63 and 2.9, respectively.
Conclusion: The results of principal component analysis showed that the origin of lead, zinc, arsenic and cadmium may be due to human activities, Risk maps also showed that the studied area has a high risk of heavy metal contamination. The results of the enrichment factor showed that copper, nickel, and zinc have no enrichment to low enrichment, lead has moderate enrichment, and cadmium and arsenic have significant enrichment. The evaluation of the geo-accumulation index showed that copper, nickel and zinc have (non-contaminated surface), lead (non-contaminated to moderate pollution), cadmium (moderate pollution) and arsenic (moderate to severe pollution).

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Main Subjects

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Journal of Soil Management and Sustainable Production
Volume 14, Issue 4
March 2025
Pages 97-114

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