Document Type : Complete scientific research article
Authors
1
, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources
2
Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources
3
Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agronomy, Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University (SANRU), Sari, IRAN
4
Dept. of horticulture Science. Faculty of Agriculture sciences, University of Guilan
10.22069/ejsms.2025.22027.2129
Abstract
Background and objectives: Fruit and Olive oil due to having excellent and antioxidant properties have top nutrition value. Residue from oil extraction of olive fruit contains organic matters and mineral elements especially phosphorus that it can be used as rich source of organic fertilizer in agriculture. Therefore, the goal of implementation this research was Reusing the waste obtained from oil extraction of olive fruit and its use as organic fertilizer in groves to improve nutrition condition of trees and olive fruit yield.
Materials and methods: At first, different products like Compost, Vermicompost and Biochar were produced from olive solid waste. Then, part of Compost and Vermicompost were inoculated with Phosphate rock amount of 1% weight along with Phosphorous dissolving bacteria (Bacillus megaterium) and Nitrogen stabilizer (Azetobacter crococcum); Sulfur amount of 1% weight along with Thiobacillous (Thiobacillus thioparous) biologically and another part of Compost and Vermicompost were inoculated by mixing nitrogen, phosphorus and sulfur fertilizers amount of 1% weight from the sources urea, triple super phosphate and elemental sulfur chemically, respectively. Biochar was inoculated with nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium (NPK) in a hot way. Treatments were applied in the shady section of the Olive trees inside of the holes by the Chalkod method. The amount of use olive solid waste and its products were 3% weight and amount of NPK from sorce urea, tripl superphosphate and potassium sulphat and micro elements were according to result of soil examination. The experiment was carried out in a randomized complete block design on Arbequina in three replications with 12 treatments which includes solid olive mill (Om)- non-enriched Compost (C)- chemically enriched Compost (CC)- biologically enriched Compost (CB)- non-enriched Vermicompost (V)- chemically enriched Vermicompost (VC)- Biologically enriched Vermicompost (VB)- Unenriched Biochar (B)- Chemically enriched Biochar (BC)- NPK (750 grams of urea, 250 grams of triple superphosphate, 750 grams of potassium sulfate), -Manure (with 10 kg of cow manure)- Control (without cow manure) and a total of 36 samples were performed in Aliabad Olive Garden, Rudbar City, Guilan Province. Finally, some soil characteristics, leaf phosphorus and olive yield were measured.
Results: The results of this research showed that, effect of treatments on soil available phosphorus, leaf phosphorus and olive yield was significant at 1%. Maximum of soil available phosphorus was belong to non inoculated Biochar 17.43 miligram per kilogram and it has an increase compared to control aboute 272/43 %. The highest amount of leaf phosphorus and fruit yield was belong to biological vermicompost treatment that it was 0.33% and 50.33 kilogram for per tree, respectively. Using biological vermicompost, olive yield had an increase 93.58 % compared to control.
Conclusion: According to the results, the use of 9 kg of biochar increased the concentration of absorbable phosphorus in the soil. Also, the highest amount of leaf phosphorus and olive fruit yield were obtained in soils with vermicompost inoculated with bacteria. It seems that olive trees fed with vermicompost obtained from solid olive pomace enriched with bacteria were satisfactory in terms of acidity, electrical conductivity, leaf phosphorus and olive fruit yield. Therefore, plant growth stimulating bacteria can be used in compost and vermicompost enrichment to improve soil quality and olive yield in calcareous soils. Meanwhile, biological vermicompost was recognized as the superior treatment.
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