The effect of foliar application of zinc and urea on Black cumin yield in autumn and spring planting seasons

Document Type : Complete scientific research article

Authors

1 Professor of Plant Ecophysiology Department, Field of Crop Ecology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran.

2 Professor of the Department of Plant Ecophysiology, Department of Crop Ecology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran.

3 Assoc. Prof., Horticulture and Crops Research Department, East Azarbaijan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Tabriz, Iran.

4 Ph.D. Physiology of Medicinal Plants Production and Postharvest, Department of Horticultural Science and Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran.

5 MSc of Crop Ecology, Department of Plant Ecophysiology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Iran.

Abstract

Background and Objectives: The response of plants to urea and zinc solution spraying has been widely studied, but similar research on medicinal and aromatic plants is limited. Due to the fact that the changes of essential oil and black seed oil in response to the application of urea and zinc in different planting dates have not been evaluated, in this research, the effect of foliar application of zinc and urea chemical fertilizers in two seasons of autumn planting and To investigate the yield and components of seed yield and Black cumin oil production in Urmia lake basin.
Materials and Methods: For this purpose, the experiment was carried out in the agricultural research and extension farm of Shabestar city as a split-plot based on a randomized complete block design with three replications in the crop year of 2019-2020. In this experiment, planting season was used as the main factor (autumn planting season and spring planting season) in the main plots and foliar spraying treatment in the secondary plots. Foliar spraying treatment includes control, zinc foliar spraying in the amount of 3 kg per hectare from zinc sulfate source, urea foliar spraying in the amount of 50 and 100 kg per hectare and combined zinc (3 kg per hectare) and urea ( 50 and 100 kg per hectare).
Results and Discussion: The highest number of capsules per plant, number of seeds per capsule, 1000 seed weight, seed and biological yield and oil yield were obtained in autumn planting and the least of these traits were obtained in spring planting. foliar spraying with zinc and urea in the amount of 3 and 50 kg per hectare respectively, as well as foliar spraying with urea in the amount of 50 kg per hectare, the weight of 1000 seeds, seed and biological yield, as well as oil yield compared to the control. They increased significantly, but statistically no significant difference was observed between these two spraying treatments. The highest percentage of seed oil (26.4%) was obtained by spraying zinc in the amount of 3 kg per hectare. The comparison of the average effect of the season of planting and foliar spraying showed that foliar application with 3 kg of zinc and 50 kg of urea per hectare in autumn planting was the most (603.5 kg per hectare) and the control treatment of foliar application (irrigation) in Spring planting had the lowest seed yield (288.8 kg/ha). The foliar treatments, except for zinc foliar application at the amount of 3 kg per hectare, reduced the percentage of seed oil compared to the control.
Conclusion: According to the findings of this research, foliar spraying of chemical fertilizer urea in the amount of 50 kg/ha was the main factor in increasing the average of the studied traits among the nutritional treatments. In general, in conditions similar to this experiment, it is recommended to use urea fertilizer in the amount of 50 kg/ha and to plant it in autumn to obtain the desired seed yield and oil of Black Cumin. Finally, the effect of foliar spraying of chemical fertilizers of 50 kg/ha of urea and zinc × density on quantitative and qualitative traits, the effect of different times of foliar spraying of 50 kg/ha of urea and zinc, as well as the soil application of these fertilizers on crop production, and comparing the response of different ecotypes with optimal and delayed planting dates in both autumn and spring planting seasons can be effective in completing the reported findings.

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Main Subjects

References

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Journal of Soil Management and Sustainable Production
Volume 15, Issue 2
June 2025
Pages 143-162

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