Investigation of the effect of casing soil Enriched with biochar on the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of button mushroom (Agaricus bisporus)

Document Type : Complete scientific research article

Authors

1 Students of Soil Scien, Department of Soil Science, College of Agriculture, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord

2 Professor, Department of Soil Science, College of Agriculture, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran

3 , Associate Professor Department of Soil Science, College of Agriculture, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord

4 Director of Development and Research of Negin Fasl Agro-Industry Company, Shahrekord, Iran

5 Ph. D. Graduate of Soil Scien, Department of Soil Science, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan

Abstract

Background and objectives: Casing soil in button mushroom production is usually extracted from non-renewable peat resources. Therefore, using other sources to produce casing soil is of very importance in order to preserve peat resources and prevent environmental degradation. This study aimed to investigate the possibility of replacing a percentage of casing soil and to investigate its effect on the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of button mushrooms.
Materials and methods: This research was conducted in a completely randomized design with 29 treatments in three replications at Negin Fasl Agriculture and Industry Company, Shahrekord, in 2023. Accordingly, the initial casing soil compositions including North peat, North peat vermicompost, cow manure vermicompost and Spent mushroom compost vermicompost were prepared. Then, 5, 10 and 15 weight percent biochar was added to the above casing soil compositions and different casing soil treatments were made with an incubation period of 20 days. After 15 days of compost loading in the button mushroom cultivation hall, 32 kg of casing soil with a thickness of 4 cm was added to each square meter of the cultivation bed. At the end of the cultivation and harvest period, quantitative and qualitative traits of mushrooms including: commercial yield, total yield, biological efficiency, dry matter percentage, piece weight, size and shelf life of mushrooms were measured in the experimental treatments.
Results: The results showed that the total yield of mushrooms in the mixture of northern peat and cow manure vermicompost (S2l1z2) increased by 71.7% with 34.78 kg.m-2 compared to commercial casing soil (S0) with 20.26 kg.m-2.Although the yield of vermicompost mixed with northern peat and cow manure (S4lo) (29.32 kg.m-2) was 18% lower than the treatment of mixed with northern peat and cow manure vermicompost (S2l1z2), it is economically viable due to a 50% reduction in the volume of peat consumed. Accordingly, this treatment can be recommended as one of the suitable formulas for preparing casing soil.
Conclusion: The overall results of this study show that the application of biochar to casing soil has different effects on button mushroom characteristics. Among the different levels of biochar, adding 5% biochar to casing soils containing cow manure vermicompost showed the best response for most of the characteristics studied. In the meantime, adding five percent by weight of biochar to the mixture of northern peat and cow manure vermicompost (S2l1z2) is recommended to improve the characteristics and have a significant effect on increasing the yield of button mushrooms, leading to cost savings and protection of the country's organic soils.

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References

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Journal of Soil Management and Sustainable Production
Volume 16, Issue 2
June 2026
Pages 99-117

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