بررسی تأثیر کاربرد محرک های رشد گیاهی بر خصوصیات کمی و کیفی گندم در یک خاک آهکی (مطالعه موردی استان خوزستان)

نوع مقاله : مقاله کامل علمی پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار بخش تحقیقات خاک و آب، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان خوزستان، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی

2 استادیار بخش تحقیقات خاک و آب، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی اصفهان، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی

3 محقق بخش تحقیقات خاک و آب، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان خوزستان، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی

چکیده

سابقه و هدف: باوجود مقادیر فراوان برخی از عناصر غذایی در خاک‌های آهکی، فرم قابل جذب این عناصر کمتر از مقدار لازم برای رشد گیاه بوده و کمبود عناصر غذایی یکی از عوامل محدود کننده تولید محصول گیاهان به‌ویژه گندم در این خاک‌ها محسوب می‌شود. کاربرد محرک‌های رشد گیاهی ممکن است از طریق افزایش جذب عناصر غذایی گیاه باعث بهبود عملکرد و کیفیت گندم -شود. بنابراین، هدف از انجام این بررسی، مقایسه اثر کاربرد محرک‌های رشد گیاهی مختلف بر خصوصیات کمی و کیفی گندم رشد یافته در یک خاک آهکی است.
مواد و روش‌ها: این پژوهش در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی با هفت تیمار و سه تکرار در ایستگاه تحقیقات کشاورزی بهبهان به مدت یک سال زراعی (97-1396) اجرا شد. تیمارهای آزمایش شامل: شاهد (کاربرد کودهای شیمیایی مطابق آزمون خاک)، کاربرد اسید آمینه آزاد (L)، اسید فولویک، عصاره جلبک دریایی، اسید هیومیک، مایه تلقیح ازتوباکتر و مصرف توأم محرک‌های رشد (بجز اسید فولویک). محرک‌های رشد اسید آمینه، اسید فولویک و عصاره جلبک دریایی بصورت محلول‌پاشی با غلظت 5 در هزار در دو مرحله پنجه زنی و ظهور سنبله و اسید هیومیک بصورت کود آبیاری به میزان 5 کیلوگرم در هکتار در مراحل اولیه رشد (قبل از پنجه‌زنی) استفاده شدند. در این تحقیق صفات ارتفاع بوته، تعداد سنبله در متر مربع، تعداد دانه در سنبله، وزن هزاردانه، عملکرد دانه، زیست توده، پروتئین دانه و غلظت عناصر فسفر، پتاسیم، مس، روی، منگنز و آهن دانه اندازه‌گیری گردید. نتایج حاصله توسط نرم افزار MSTATC تجزیه واریانس شده و میانگین‌ها با استفاده از آزمون چند دامنه‌ای دانکن در سطح 5 درصد مقایسه شدند.
یافته‌ها: اثر محرک‌های رشد بر عملکرد دانه در سطح احتمال 1 درصد معنی‌دار بود. کاربرد این مواد صرف نظر از نوع ماده مصرفی سبب افزایش معنی‌دار عملکرد دانه نسبت به شاهد گردید. بیشترین ارتفاع بوته (99 سانتی‌متر)، تعداد سنبله در متر مربع (633)، تعداد دانه در سنبله (33/43)، وزن هزاردانه (12/46) و عملکرد دانه (71/8617 کیلوگرم در هکتار) در تیمار مصرف توأم محرک‌های رشد بدست آمد و نسبت به کاربرد تکی این مواد برتری معنی‌داری داشت. مصرف محرک-های رشد باعث افزایش معنی‌دار درصد پروتئین دانه، غلظت‌های پتاسیم، مس، روی، منگنز و آهن دانه در سطح احتمال 1 درصد گردید. مصرف مواد مزبور بر غلظت فسفر دانه اثر معنی‌داری نداشتند. مصرف توأم محرک‌های رشد گیاهی باعث بیشترین افزایش درصد پروتئین، پتاسیم، روی، منگنز و آهن دانه نسبت به شاهد شد. در بین محرک‌های رشد، اسید آمینه باعث بیشترین افزایش درصد پروتئین و غلظت آهن دانه شده و اسید هیومیک باعث بیشترین افزایش در غلظت‌ پتاسیم، مس، روی و منگنز دانه نسبت به شاهد گردید.
نتیجه‌گیری: کاربرد توأم محرک‌های رشد گیاهی بهترین عملکرد و کیفیت دانه را نسبت به مصرف تکی این مواد تولید نمود. لذا می‌توان تلقیح بذور گندم با ازتوباکتر، مصرف اسید هیومیک بصورت کود آبیاری در اوایل رشد گیاه و محلول-پاشی اسید آمینه و عصاره جلبک دریایی در دو مرحله پنجه زنی و ظهور سنبله را توصیه نمود. بر اساس نتایج بدست آمده در بین محرک‌های رشد بصورت تکی اولویت مصرف با کاریرد اسید آمینه یا اسید هیومیک می‌باشد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Study the effect of plant growth biostimulants application on quantitative and qualitative characteristics of wheat in a calcareous soil (Case study in Khuzestan)

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mohammad reza Rafie 1
  • Mahmoud Sohi 2
  • Maryam Javadzadeh 3
1 Assistant Professor, Soil and Water Research Department, Khouzestan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center AREEO, Ahwaz, Iran
2 Assistant Professor, Soil and Water Research Department, Isfahan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center AREEO, Isfahan, Iran
3 Researcher, Soil and Water Research Department, Khouzestan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center AREEO, Ahwaz, Iran
چکیده [English]

Background and objective: Despite the abundance of some nutrients in calcareous soils, the available form of these nutrients is less than the amount required for plant growth, and the deficiency of nutrients is one of limiting factor in the production of plants especially wheat in these soils. The application of plant growth biostimulants may improve the availability of nutrients in calcareous soils and consequently increase yield and grain quality of wheat. Therefore, this study was conducted to evaluate the effect of plant growth biostimulants on quantitative and qualitative characteristics of wheat in a calcareous soil.
Material and method: This research was conducted in randomized complete design with seven treatments and three replications at Behbahan Agricultural Research Station in one year (2017-2018). Treatments included: control (application of chemical fertilizers according to soil test), free amino acid (L), fulvic acid, seaweed extract, humic acid, grain inoculation with Azotobacter and application of all studied biostimulants (except fulvic acid). Foliar application of amino ccid, fulvic acid and seaweed extract was done at a concentration of 0.5 % at two stages, tillering and heading. Humic acid was used as fertigation at 5 kg.ha-1 in the early stages of growth (prior to tillering). During experiment: plant height, number of spikes per m2, number of grain per spike, 1000- grain weight, grain yield, biomass, grain protein, phosphorus, potassium, copper, zinc, manganes and iron of grain were measured. Varince analysis were done by MSTATC statistical software and meanes were compared using Duncan,s Multiple Range Test at the 5% prpbability level.
Results: The effect of biostimulants on grain yield was significant at the 1% prpbability level. A significant increase in grain yield observed in plants treated with biostimulants compared with control. The highest plant height (99 cm), number of spikes per m2 (633), number of grain per spike (43.33), 1000-grain weight (46.12 g) and grain yield (8617.71 kg.ha-1) were recorded in the combined treatment. The differences of grain yield among this treatment and other treatments were significant. Application of biostimulants significantly increased the grain protein percentage, the concentration of potassium, copper, zinc, manganes and iron of grain at the 1% prpbability level. These formulations had no significant effect on grain phosphorus. Application of combined biostimulants significantly increased the grain protein percentage, potassium, copper, zinc, manganes and iron of grain compared with control. Among growth biostimulants, the highest increase in the grain protein percentage and grain iron was achieved by amino acid while the highest increase in potassium, copper, zinc and manganese of grain was obtained by humic acid compared with control.
Conclusion: The combined use of plant growth biostimulants produced the best grain yield and quality in comparision to alone of these substances.Therefore, inoculation of wheat seeds with Azotobacter, use of humic acid as fertigation at in the early stages of growth and foliar application of amino ccid and seaweed extract at two stages of tillering and heading, are recommended. According to the results, among growth biostimulants, application of amino acid or humic acid is preferred.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Amino acid
  • humic acid
  • fulvic acid
  • seaweed

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مجله مدیریت خاک و تولید پایدار
دوره 10، شماره 2
شهریور 1399
صفحه 69-88

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