ارزیابی شاخص‌های خطرپذیری فلزات سنگین ناشی از مصرف سبزیجات شهرستان ورامین

نوع مقاله : مقاله کامل علمی پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار گروه علوم خاک، دانشگاه زنجان

2 دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد گروه علوم خاک، دانشگاه زنجان

چکیده

چکیده
سابقه و هدف: تجمع فلزات سنگین در خاک‌های کشاورزی، علاوه بر آلودگی محیط زیست موجب افزایش غلظت و جذب فلزات سنگین در گیاهان می‌شود. مصرف روزانه محصولات کشاورزی مهمترین مسیر مواجهه انسان با آلاینده‌ها و بیماری‌های مختلف است. هدف از این مطالعه تعیین غلظت برخی از فلزات سنگین در سبزیجات و گیاهان رایج در بخشی از اراضی کشاورزی شهرستان ورامین در استان تهران و ارزیـابی میزان خطر زیست‌محیطی عناصر سـنگین با اسـتفاده از ضرائب خطرپذیری(HQs) مرتبط با سلامت انسان است.
مواد و روش‌ها: نمونه‌برداری مرکب از سبزیجات ریحان، شاهی، تربچه، تره، نعناع، جعفری، چغندر، مرزه و همچنین گیاهان ذرت و برنج در منطقه‌ای با وسعت 50 هکتار در سه تکرار به‌صورت تصادفی انجام شد. نمونه‌ها پس از آماده‌سازی به روش هضم خشک آماده سازی و اندازه گیری شد و غلظت کادمیوم، سرب، روی، مس، کروم، کبالت و نیکل با استفاده از دستگاه جذب اتمی تعیین گردید. سپس فاکتور تجمع زیستی، فاکتور انتقال، دریافت روزانه و شاخص‌های خطرپذیری فلزات سنگین برای انسان محاسبه شد.
یافته‌ها: بیشترین غلظت روی، مس، سرب، کادمیوم، کبالت، کروم و نیکل به ترتیب در گیاه شاهی (54/12)، نعناع (3/3)، نعناع (1)، تربچه (22/0)، ریحان (48/0)، تره (70/0) و ذرت (24/1 میلی‌گرم بر کیلوگرم ماده خشک) مشاهده گردید. فاکتور انتقال عناصر سرب در شاهی، کادمیوم در جعفری، روی در چغندر، کبالت، کروم و سرب در تربچه و کروم در مرزه بیشتر از یک بود (1<TF) اما فاکتور انتقال (TF) برای گونه‌های برنج، ذرت و مرزه برای تمام عناصر سنگین مورد مطالعه کمتر از 1 بود. مقدار فاکتور تجمع‌زیستی (BCF) در گیاه نعناع برای عنصر کبالت، و برای گیاهان چغندر و مرزه برای عنصر کادمیوم بیشتر از یک و برای سایر گیاهان مقدار این فاکتور برای عناصر مورد مطالعه کمتر از یک بدست آمد. بیشترین ضریب خطرپذیری به بیماری‌های غیرسرطانی ناشی از کادمیوم، کبالت، مس، نیکل، روی و سرب در اثر مصرف برنج در افراد بزرگسال، (062/0، 009/0، 110/0، 025/0، 052/0، 193/0) و در کودکان (061/0، 008/0، 096/0، 020/0، 050/0 و 149/0) مشاهده شد. شاخص خطرپذیری همه عناصر در یک گیاه خاص (THQ) در هر دو گروه سنی، به‌صورت زیر کاهش یافت: (چغندر˃ ذرت ˃ نعناع ˃ ریحان˃ تره˃ شاهی˃ مرزه˃ جعفری˃ تربچه ˃ برنج) و در دامنه بی‌خطر قرار گرفت.
نتیجه‌گیری: ضریب خطرپذیری هر عنصر در مجموع محصولات کشاورزی مطالعه شده در منطقه (TDHQ) کمتر از یک بود و بیانگر عدم وجود خطر بیماری‌های غیرسرطانی برای مصرف کنندگان ناشی از مصرف 10 محصول بررسی شده مطابق با الگوی مصرف ملی ایران است. سرب در گروه سنی کودکان بیشترین TDHQ (300/0) را نشان داد و بیانگر ضریب خطرپذیری بیشتر سرب در مجموع محصولات مصرفی نسبت به سایر عناصر است. به طور کلی نتایج نشان داد که شاخص خطرپذیری (HI) عناصر سنگین برای هر دو گروه سنی مورد مطالعه کوچکتر از ۱ بوده و بیانگر این است که ساکنان در منطقه مورد مطالعه در وضعیت امن قرار دارند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Assessing Heavy Metals Risk Indices Caused by Vegetable Consumption in Varamin city

نویسندگان [English]

  • mohammad babaakbari 1
  • Maryam shakori 2
  • akbar hasani 1
1
2 2M.Sc. Student , Dept. of Soil Science, University of Zanjan,
چکیده [English]

Abstract

Background and objectives: Excessive accumulation of heavy metals in agricultural soils, not only leads to environmental pollution but also increases the absorption of heavy metals by plants. Food consumption had been identified as the major path way of human exposure. The purpose of this study was to determine the concentration of some heavy metals in common vegetables and plants in the region in a part of the agricultural land of Varamin in Tehran province and assess the environmental risk of heavy metals using human health indices.
Materials and methods: The composite sampling of basil, garden cress, radish, chives, mint, parsley, chard, and savory, as well as corn and rice in a region of 50 hectares with three replications was done randomly. Samples were prepared by dry digestion method and cadmium, lead, zinc, copper, chromium, cobalt and nickel concentrations were determined using atomic absorption spectrometry. Following the results of the experiment, the bioaccumulation factor (BCF), Translocation Factor (TF), average daily intake index (EDI), and Health index (THQ, TDHQ and HI) were calculated.
Results: The highest average concentration of zinc, copper, lead, cadmium, cobalt, chromium and nickel was found in garden cress (12.54), mint (3.3), mint (1), radish (0.22) basil (0.48), chives (0.70) and corn (1.24 mg/kg dry matter) were observed. The translocation factor (TF) of lead in garden cress, cadmium in parsley, zinc in chard, cobalt, chromium, and lead in radish and chromium in savory were more than 1. In contrast, transfer factor (TF) values for rice, corn and oats were less than 1 for all the heavy elements. The bioaccumulation factor (BCF) of cobalt in peppermint, and cadmium for chard, and savory were more than one, and for other plants, the amount of this factor for the metal studied was less than one.
Cadmium, cobalt, copper, nickel, zinc and lead in rice plant in adults (0.062, 0.029, 0.110, 0.225, 0.052, 0.193) and in children (0.061, 0.008, 0.096, 0.020, 0.050 and 0.149 have the highest risk of non-cancerous diseases (HQ) for residents of the region. The Target hazard quotient (THQ) in both age groups was reduced as follows: (Corn Sugar, Mint, Basil, Rice, Parsley, Radish and Rice) and in a healthy range.
Conclusion: The value of Target diet Hazard Quotient (TDHQ) was less than one, indicating the absence of risk of non-cancerous diseases for consumers due to the consumption of 10 examined products in accordance with Iran's national consumption patterns. Lead in the children's age group showed the highest TDHQ (0.300), indicating a higher risk of lead risk in the total consumption of products than other elements. Overall, the results showed the total health index (HI) of heavy elements for each of the studied age groups was less than 1, indicating that the residents in the study area are in a safe condition

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Bioaccumulation Factor (BCF)
  • Translocation Factor (TF)
  • Hazard Index and Target Hazard Quotient.x

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مجله مدیریت خاک و تولید پایدار
دوره 9، شماره 1
فروردین 1398
صفحه 119-133

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