تاٌثیرکاربرد نیتروژن و فسفر بر عملکرد و برخی ویژگی‌های خرما در منطقه‌ی میناب

نوع مقاله : مقاله کامل علمی پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 مربی پژوهشی بخش تحقیقات خاک و آب، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی فارس، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، شیراز، ایران

2 دانشیار بخش تحقیقات خاک و آب، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی هرمزگان، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، بندرعباس، ایران،

3 دانشیار مؤسسه تحقیقات خاک و آب، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرج، 4 ایران،

4 محقق بخش تحقیقات زراعی و باغی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی هرمزگان، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، بندرعباس، ایران

چکیده

سابقه و هدف: از دیرباز کشت و پرورش خرما سهم ارزنده‌ای در پایداری و بهبود زندگی جوامع فقیر روستایی و مناطق دورافتاده داشته است. ایران دومین تولید کننده‌ی خرما در جهان است و میناب، یکی از شهرهای شرقی استان هرمزگان واقع در جنوب کشور، از اصلی‌ترین تولید کنندگان این محصول است. کشت و کار این محصول منبع اصلی درآمد اکثر کشاورزان میناب است که برای حفظ سودآوری این صنعت، عملیات مدیریت باغ مانند استفاده از مقدار مناسب کود مورد نیاز است. سالانه با هر برداشت، عناصرتغذیه‌ایی خاک در مقادیر مختلف از خاک تخلیه می‌گردند. این مقادیر بطور میانگین در یک باغ یک هکتاری با 121 اصله نخل برای نیتروژن (N) و فسفر (P) به‌ترتیب در حدود 42 و (kg) 11 می‌باشد که در صورت عدم جایگزینی بهینه‌ی آن بر کمیت و کیفیت محصول تاثیر منفی بر‌جای می‌گذارد. بنابر این در این آزمایش، با هدف جایگزینی عناصرغذایی از دست رفته‌ی خاک‌، تاثیر کاربرد سطوح مختلف N و P بر باردهی و ویژگی-های میوه در چرخه‌های پیاپی باردهی خرمای رقم مرداسنگ، رقم تحت کشت گسترده در منطقه‌ی میناب، ارزیابی شد.

مواد و روش‌ها: این آزمایش به‌صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی به‌مدت شش سال روی درختان شش ساله در سه تکرار در ایستگاه تحقیقات کشاورزی میناب انجام شد. هدف از انجام آزمایش نیز بررسی تاٌثیر کاربرد عناصر غذایی N و P بر عملکرد و برخی ویژگی‌های خرمای رقم مرداسنگ بود. متغیر‌های مستقل، سطوح مختلفN (0، 150، 200 و (g tree-1) 250) از منبع اوره و P (P2O5) (0، 66 و (g tree-1) 88) از منبع سوپرفسفات تریپل و متغیرهای وابسته، عملکرد میوه و ویژگی‌های کیفی بودند. در سال‌های بعد، به ازای هر سال افزایش سن درخت، به هر سطح N به‌ترتیب 0، 60، 120 و (g) 180 و به هر سطح P به‌ترتیب 0، 20 و (g) 40 (P2O5) اضافه شد.
یافته‌ها: عملکرد تیمار N4P2 در بالاترین گروه آماری و تیمار N1P1 (بدون استفاده از N و P) در پایین‌ترین گروه آماری قرار گرفت. بیشترین میانگین وزن گوشت دانه‌ی‌ خرما (FW) و درصد قند کل محلول (TSSu) از تیمار N4P1، درحالیکه بیشترین درصد کل مواد جامد محلول (TSS) از تیمار N2P3 بدست آمد.
نتیجه‌گیری: کاربرد N و P در مقایسه با شاهد به‌طور معنی‌داری عملکرد را افزایش داد. بالاترین سطح N مورد استفاده ((g tree-1) 250) علاوه بر ایجاد بیشترین مقدار عملکرد، منجر به حصول بالاترین میانگین FW میوه و درصد TSSu شد. بالاترین سطح P مورد استفاده ((g tree-1) 88)، بیشترین درصد TSS را ایجاد کرد. در کل این نتایج نشان داد که کاربرد N و P، تأثیر معنی‌داری بر عملکرد و برخی ویژگی‌های نخل خرما در منطقه‌ی میناب داشت.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Nitrogen and Phosphorus Application Effect on Yield and some Characteristics of Date Palm in Minab Region

نویسندگان [English]

  • Yaghoobali Karami 1
  • Yaghoob Hosseini 2
  • Alireza Fallah Nosratabad 3
  • Hamed Hassanzadeh Khankahdani 4
1 Soil and Water Department, Fars Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO,Shiraz, Iran.
2 Soil and Water Department, Hormozgan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Bandarabbas, Iran.
3 Soil and Water Research Institute, AREEO, Karaj, Iran.
4 Horticultural Crop Research Department, Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center of Hormozgan, AREEO, Bandar Abbas, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Abstract
Background and Objectives: Date palm cultivation has played a valuable role in sustainability and life improvement of poor communities in rural and remote areas for a long time. Iran is the second largest producer of dates in the world with Minab regions of southern province of Hormozgan being the main producer. Cultivation of this crop is the main source of income for the majority of Minab’s farmers; to maintain this industry profitable, orchard management practices such as application of right amounts of fertilizers are required. Annually with each harvest, nutritional elements are removed from orchard soil at various amounts. On average, in one hectare orchard of 121 palms, 42 kg nitrogen (N) and 11 kg phosphorus (P) are taken away with annual harvest. If not replaced, this depletion could negatively affect the following crop loads and fruit quality. Therefore, in this experiment, with the aim of replenishing the soil nutrients, effect of application of different levels of N and P on fruit quality and crop load of Mordaseng, a cv. widely under cultivation in Minab, was assessed over successive fruiting cycles

Materials and Methods: This study was conducted as a factorial experiment in a randomized complete block design in three replicates using six-year-old trees of Mordaseng cv. at Minab Agricultural Research Station over six successive years. The aim of the experiment was to investigate the effect of N and P nutrients on yield and some characteristics of Mordaseng date palm cultivar. The independent variables were various levels of N (0.0, 150, 200 and 250 (g tree-1)) sourced from urea and pure P (P2O5) (0.0, 66 and 88 (g tree-1)) sourced from triple superphosphate, and the dependent variables were fruit yield and quality characteristics. The following amounts were yearly added to each level of N and P as trees grew older: 0.0, 60, 120 and 180 g for N, and 0.0, 20 and 40 for P.

Results: The yield for N4P2 treatment gained the highest place in statistical group while for N1P1 treatment (excluding N and P) gained the lowest one. The highest fruit flesh weight (FW) and total soluble sugar (TSSu) were obtained for N4P1 treatment whereas the highest total soluble solid (TSS) was obtained from N2P3 treatment.

Conclusion: Application of N and P resulted in a significant increase in the yield comparing to control. Using the highest level of N (250 (g tree-1)) gave the highest fruit FW and TSSu percentage along the highest yield. Application of the highest level of P (88 (g tree-1)) produced the highest TSS percentage. Overall, these results revealed that the application of N and P significantly improved fruit yield and some quality criteria of Mordaseng cv. under the environmental condition of Minab region.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Date flesh weight
  • Total soluble solids
  • Total soluble sugar

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مجله مدیریت خاک و تولید پایدار
دوره 11، شماره 2
شهریور 1400
صفحه 109-125

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