1.Alarcon, A., Davies, F.T.Jr, Egilla, J.N., Fox, T.C., Estrada-Luna, A.A., and Ferrera-Cerrato,
R. 2002. Short term effects of Glomus claroideum and Azospirillum brasilense on growth
and root acid phosphatase activity of Carica papaya L. under phosphorus stress.
Microbiologia. 44: 31-37.
2.Al-Karaki, G., McMichael, B., and Zak, J. 2004. Field response of wheat to arbuscular
mycorrhizal fungi and drought stress. Mycorrhiza. 14: 4. 263-269.
3.Ames, R.N., Reid, C.P.P., Porter, L.K., and Cambardella, C. 1983. N-15 uptake and transport
by hyphae of a vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus. Phytopathology. 73: 840-841.
4.Amiri, M.J., and Eslamian, S.S. 2010. Investigation of climate change in Iran. J. Environ. Sci.
Technol. 3: 4. 208-216.
5.Angadi, S.V., and Entz, M.H. 2002. Water Relations of standard height and dwarf sunflower
cultivars. Crop Sci. 42. 152-159.
6.Apel, K., and Hirt, H. 2004. Reactive oxygen species: metabolism, oxidative stress and signal
transduction. Annual Review of Plant Biology. 55: 373-399.
7.Asgarzadeh, H., Mosaddeghi, M.R., Mahboubi, A.A., Nosrati, A., and Dexter, A.R. 2010. Soil
water availability for plants as quantified by conventional available water, least limiting
water range and integral water capacity. Plant and soil. 335: 1-2. 229-244.
8.Augé, R.M. 2004. Arbuscular mycorrhizae and soil/plant water relations. Can. J. Soil Sci.
84: 4. 373-381.
9.Augé, R.M., Toler, H.D., Moore, J.L., Cho, K., and Saxton, A.M. 2007. Comparing
contributions of soil versus root colonization to variations in stomatal behavior and soil drying
in mycorrhizal Sorghum bicolor and Cucurbita pepo. J. Plant Physiol. 164: 10. 1289-1299.
10.Balsam, M., Qaddoury, A., and Goicoechea, N. 2014. Role of native and exotic mycorrhizal
symbiosis to develop morphological, physiological and biochemical responses coping with
water droughtof date palm, Phoenix dactylifera. Trees. 28: 161-172.
11.Bárzana, G., Aroca, R., Bienert, G.P., Chaumont, F., and Ruiz-Lozano, J.M. 2014. New
insights into the regulation of aquaporins by the arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis in maize
plants under drought stress and possible implications for plant performance. Molecular
Plant-Microbe Interactions. 27: 4. 349-363.
12.Boby, V.U., Balakrishna, A.N., and Bagyaraj, D.J. 2008. Interaction between Glomus
mosseae and soil yeasts on growth and nutrition of cowpea. Microbiol Res. 163: 693-700.
13.Bremner, J.M., and Mulvaney, C.S. 1982. Nitrogen-Total, P 595-624. In: Page, A.L. et al.
(eds.), Methods of Soil Analysis. Agronomy Monograph 9, Part 2, 2nd Ed. American Society
of Agronomy, Madison. WI.
14.Centeno, C., Viveros, A., Brenes, A., Canales, R., Lozano A., and Cuadra, C.D. 2001.
Effect of several germination conditions on total P, phytate P, phytase and acid
phosphatase activities and inositol phosphate esters in rye and barley. J. Agric. Food Chem.
49: 3208-3214.
15.Clark, R.B., and Zeto, S.K. 2000. Mineral acquisition by arbuscular mycorrhizal plants.
J. Plant Nutr. 23:867–902
16.Cottenie, A. 1980. Soil and plant testing as a basis of fertilizer recommendations. FAO Soils
Bull 38/2 FAO, Rome.
17.Cress, W.A., Johnson, G.V., and Barton, L.L. 1986. The role of endomycorrhizal fungi in
iron uptake by Hilaria jamesii. J. Plant Nutr. 9: 3-7. 547-55.
18.Dalpé, Y. 1993. Vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhiza. In: Carter MR (Eds) Soil sampling and
methods of analysis. Lewis Publishers, Boca Raton, 287p.
19.Farooq, M., Wahid, A., Kobayashi, N., Fujita, D., and Basra, S.M.A. 2009. Plant drought
stress: effects, mechanisms and management. Agronomy for Sustainable Development.
29: 185-212.
20.Fentahun, M., Akhtar, M.S., Muleta, D., and Lemessa, F. 2013. Isolation and
characterization of nitrogen deficit Rhizobium isolates and their effect on growth of haricot
bean. Afric. J. Agric. 8: 46. 5942-5952.
21.Franzini, V., Azcón, R., Mendes, F.L., and Aroca, R. 2010. Interactions between Glomus
species and Rhizobium strains affect the nutritional physiology of drought-stressed legume
hosts. J. Plant Physiol. 67: 614-619.
22.Gholamhoseini, M., Ghalavand, A., Dolatabadian, A., Jamshidi, E., and Khodaei-Joghan, A.
2013 .Effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal inoculation on growth, yield, nutrient uptake and
irrigation water productivity of sunflowers grown under drought stress. Agricultural water
management. 117: 106-114.
23.Gong, M., Tang, M., Chen, H., Zhang, Q., and Feng, X. 2013. Effects of two Glomus species
on the growth and physiological performance of Sophora davidii seedlings under water
stress. New Forests, 44: 3. 399-408.
24.Gupta, M.L., Prasad, A., Ram, M., and Kumar, S. 2002. Effect of the vesiculararbuscula
mycorrhizal (VAM) fungus Glomus fasiculatum on the essential oil yield related characters
and nutrient acquisition in the crops of different cultivars of menthol mint (Mentha arvensis)
under field conditions. Bioresour. Technology. 81: 77-79.
25.Hacisalihoglu, G., and Kochian L.V. 2003. How do some plants tolerate low levels of soil
zinc? Mechanisms of zinc efficiency in crop plants New Phytologist. 159: 341-350.
26.Heidari, and Carmi. 2013. Effect of drought stress and strains of mycorrhiza on yield
and grain, sunflower chlorophyll and biochemical compounds. J. Environ. Stress Farm Sci.
6: 1. 17-26. (In Farsi)
27.Hojjat, S.S. 2011. Effects of seed size on germination and seedling growth of some Lentil
genotypes (Lens culinaris Medik.). Inter. J. Agric. Crop Sci. 3: 1-5.
28.Hoque, M.A., Okuma, E., Banu, M.N.A., Nakamura, Y., Shimoishi, Y., and Murata, Y.
2007. Exogenous proline mitigates the detrimental effects of salt stress more than exogenous
betaine by increasing antioxidant enzyme activities. J. Plant Physiol. 164: 5. 553-561.
29.Huang, Z., Zou, Z., He, C., He, Z., Zhang, Z., and Li, J. 2011. Physiological and
photosynthetic responses of melon (Cucumis melo L.) seedlings to three Glomus species
under water deficit. Plant and soil. 339: 1-2. 391-399.
30.Johansen, A. 1993. Hyphal transport by a vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus of N
applied to the soil as ammonium or nitrate. Biology and Fertility of Soils. 16: 66-70.
31.Kiani, S.P., Maury, P., Sarrafi, A., and Grieu, P. 2008. QTL analysis of chlorophyll
fluorescence parameters in sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) under well-watered and
water-stressed conditions.Plant Sci. 175: 565-573.
32.Knudsen, D., Peterson, G.A., and Pratt, P.F. 1982. Lithium, sodium, potassium, P 225-246.
In: Page, A.L. (ed.), Methods of soil analysis, Part 2, Madison, WISC. ASA-SSSA.
33.Labidi, S., Jeddi, F.B., Tisserant, B., Yousfi, M., Sanaa, M., Dalpé, Y., and Sahraoui, A.L.H.
2015. Field application of mycorrhizal bio-inoculants affects the mineral uptake of a forage
legume (Hedysarum coronarium L.) on a highly calcareous soil. Mycorrhiza. 25: 4. 297-309.
34.Ladjal, M., Huc, R., and Ducrey, M. 2005. Drought effects on hydraulic conductivity and
xylem vulnerability to embolism in diverse species and provenances of Mediterranean
cedars. Tree Physiology. 25: 1109-1117.
35.Li, X.L., Marschner, H., and George, E. 1991. Acquisition of phosphorus and copper
by VA–mycorrhizal hyphae and root-to-shoot transport in white clover. Plant and Soil,
136: 49-57.
36.Michalis, O., Ioannides, I.M., and Ehaliotis, C. 2013. Mycorrhizal inoculation affects
arbuscular mycorrhizal diversity in watermelon roots but leads to improved colonization and
plant response under water stress only. Appl. Soil Ecology. 63p.
37.Miransari, M., Abrishamchi, A., Khoshbakht, K., and Niknam, V. 2014. Plant hormones
assignals in arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis. Crit. Rev. Biotechnol. 34: 123-133.
38.Phillips, J.M., and Hayman, D.S. 1970. Improved procedures clearing roots and staining
parasitic and vesicular mycorrhizal fungi for rapid assessment of infection. Transaction of
British Mycological Society, 55: 158-161. Physiol. 164: 1289-1299.
39.Redecker, D., Schüßler, H., Stockinger, S., Stürmer, J., Morton, and Walker, C. 2013.
An evidence-based consensus for the classification of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi
(Glomeromycota). Mycorrhiza doi: 10.1007/s00572-013-0486-y.
40.Rejali, F. 2001. Preparation of arbuscular mycorrhiza fungi inoculation by invitro method
and investigation the effect of its on nutrients uptake in wheat plant with drought stress.
Ph.D. Thesis. University of Tarbiat Modares, Tehran. 220p. (In Persian)
41.Rivand, M. 2002. In agriculture bean Publications emission of mashahir, 240p.
42.Rodriguez-Celma, J., Lin, W.D., Fu, G.M., Abadia, J., Lopez-Millan, A.F., and Schmidt, W.
2013. Mutually exclusive alterations in secondary metabolism are critical for the uptake
of insoluble iron compounds by Arabidopsis and Medicago truncatula. Plant Physiology.
162: 1473-1485.
43.Ryan, J., Estefan, G., and Rashid, A. 2007. Soil and plant analysis laboratory manual.
ICARDA.
44.Sadolah, A.A., and Ismail, F. 2015. The effect of three species of mycorrhizal fungi on the
growth, colonization rate and root phosphorus concentration African Marigold (Targets'
erecta) J. Soil Water Tabriz Univ. 24: 4. 129-138. (In Farsi)
45.Saraswathi, S.G., and Paliwal, K. 2011. Drought induced changes in growth, leaf
gas exchange and biomass production in Albizia lebbeck and Cassia siamea seedlings.
J. Environ. Biol. 32: 2.
46.Sharda Waman, M.K., and Bernard Felinov, R. 2009. Studies on effects of arbuscular
mycorrhizal (Am) fungi on mineral nutrition of Carica papaya L. Notulae Botanicae Horti
Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca. 37: 183-186.
47.Sharma, A.K., Srivastava, P.C., and Johri, B.N. 1994. Contribution of VA mycorrhiza to zinc
uptake in plants. Biochemistry of Metal Micronutrients in the Rhizosphere. Lewis
Publishers, Boca Raton, FL, Pp: 111-124.
48.Sheng-Li, G., Ting-Hui, D., and Ming-De, H. 2008. Phosphorus changes and sorption
characteristics in a calcareous soil under long-term fertilization. Pedosphere 18: 248-256
49.Smith, S.E., and Read, D.J. 2008. Mycorrhizal Symbiosis, third ed. Academic Press, London,
UK.
50.Subramanian, K.S., Tenshia, V., Jayalakhshmi, K., and Ramachandran, V. 2009. Role of
arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus (Glomus intraradices) - (fungus aided) in zinc nutrition of (in)
maize. J. Agric. Biotechnol. Sust. Dev. 1: 029-038.
51.Subramanian, K.S., Santhanakrishnan, P., and Balasubramanian, P. 2006. Responses of field
grown tomato plants to arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal colonization under varying intensities
of drought stress. Scientia horticulturae, 107: 3. 245-253.
52.Subramanian, K.S., Tenshia, J.V., Jayalakshmi, K., and Ramachandran, V. 2011.
Antioxidant enzyme activities in arbuscular mycorrhizal (Glomus intraradices) fungus
inoculated and non-inoculated maize plants under zinc deficiency. Ind. J. Microbiol.
51: 1. 37-43.
53.Suri, V.K., Choudhary, A.K., Girish, C., Verma, T.S., Gupta, M.K., and Dutt, N. 2011.
Improving phosphorus use through co-inoculation of vesicular arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi
and phosphate solubilizing bacteria in maize in an acidic Alfisol. Communicationsin Soil
Science and Plant Analysis 42: 18. 2265-2273.
54.Tennant, D. 1975. A test of a modified line intersect method of estimating root length.
J. Ecol. 63: 995-1001.
55.Vafadar, F., Amooaghaie, R., and Otroshy, M. 2014. Effects of plant-growth-promoting
rhizobacteria and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus on plant growth, stevioside, NPK and
chlorophyll content of Stevia rebaudiana. J. Plant Interact. 9: 1. 128-136.
56.Wang, M., Christie, P., Xiao, Z., Qin, C., Wang, P., Liu, J., Xie, Y., and Xia, R. 2008.
Arbuscular mycorrhizal enhancement of iron concentration by Poncirus trifoliata L. Raf and
Citrus reticulata Blanco grown on sand medium under different pH. Biology and Fertility of
Soils. 45: 65-72.
57.Whitmore, A.P., and Whalley, W.R. 2009. Physical effects of soil drying on roots and crop
growth. J. Exp. Bot. 6: 10. 2845-2857.
58.Wu, Q.S. 2011. Mycorrhizal efficacy of trifoliate orange seedlings on alleviating temperature
stress. Plant Soil Environ. 10: 459-464.
59.Wu, Q.S., and Xia, R.X. 2006. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi influence growth, osmotic
adjustment and photosynthesis of citrus under well-watered and water stress conditions.
J. Plant Physiol. 163: 4. 417-425.
60.Wu, Q.S., and Zou, Y.N. 2009. Mycorrhiza has a direct effect on reactive oxygen
metabolism of drought-stressed citrus. Plant Soil Environ. 55: 10. 436-442.
61.Wu, Q.S., Xia, R.X., Zou, Y.N., and Wang, G.Y. 2007. Osmotic solute responses of
mycorrhizal citrus (Poncirus trifoliata) seedlings to drought stress. Acta Physiologiae
Plantarum. 29: 6. 543-549.
62.Wu, Q.S., Zou, Y.N., Xia, R.X., and Wang, M.Y. 2007. Five Glomus species affect water
relations of Citrus tangerine during drought stress Botanical Studies, 48: 2. 147-154.
63.Yaseen, T., Burni, T., and Hussain, F. 2013. Effect of arbuscular mycorrhizal inoculation on
nutrient uptake, growth and productivity of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) varieties. Afric. J.
Biotechnol. 10: 43. 8593-8598.
64.Zuo, Y., Ren, L., Zhang, F., and Jiang, R.F. 2007. Bicarbonate concentration as affected by
soil water content controls iron nutrition of peanut plants in a calcareous soil. Plant Physiol
Biochem. 45: 357-364.
)