تأثیر روش کاربرد و سطوح مختلف کود گاوی بر عملکرد و غلظت برخی عناصر غذایی گیاه سیر ( Allium sativum)

نوع مقاله : مقاله کامل علمی پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 عضو هیات علمی دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شهرکرد

2 دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد دانشگاه شهرکرد

3 عضو هیأت علمی دانشگاه شهرکرد

چکیده

سابقه و هدف: مدیریت افزودن کود یکی از عوامل ضروری جهت موفقیت در کشت گیاهان دارویی است. کاربرد صحیح عناصر غذایی، نه تنها نقش اساسی در افزایش عملکرد دارد، بلکه در بهبود کیفیت محصول تولید شده نیز مؤثر است. کود دامی دارای مزایایی اکولوژیکی و زراعی است اما پخش سطحی آن در مزرعه نیازمند دسترسی به مقادیر زیادی از این کود است که هزینه اقتصادی و زیست محیطی را به دنبال دارد‎، بنابراین هدف از پژوهش حاضر ارزیابی اثر روش کاربرد و سطوح مختلف کود گاوی بر عملکرد و غلظت برخی عناصر غذایی گیاه سیر بود.
مواد و روش‌ها: آزمایش به‌صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح بلوک‎های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در مزرعه تحقیقاتی دانشگاه شهرکرد در سال زراعی 94-1393 اجرا شد. تیمارهای آزمایشی شامل سه سطح کود گاوی (27، 40 و 53 تن در هکتار) و دو روش کاربرد کود (پخش سطحی و زیرسطحی) بودند. در این آزمایش صفاتی چون رنگدانه‎های فتوسنتزی، ارتفاع بوته، تعداد سیرچه، وزن سیرچه، عملکرد، غلظت نیتروژن، غلظت فسفر، غلظت پتاسیم، غلظت گوگرد و غلظت نیترات سیر اندازه گیری شد.
یافته‌ها: نتایج نشان داد بیشترین میزان کلروفیل b در تیمار پخش سطحی ۲۷ تن کود گاوی در هکتار با میانگین 23/1 میلی‎گرم بر گرم مشاهده گردید. بالاترین ارتفاع بوته برای کاربرد زیرسطحی ۵۳ تن کود گاوی در هکتار و پخش سطحی ۴۰ تن کود گاوی در هکتار به ترتیب با میانگین 8/52 و 3/53 سانتی‎متر مشاهده شد. بیشترین تعداد سیرچه در بوته با میانگین 78/10 سیرچه در تیمار پخش سطحی ۴۰ تن کود گاوی در هکتار به‌دست آمد. بیشترین وزن سیرچه در تیمارهای کاربرد زیرسطحی و سطحی ۵۳ تن کود گاوی در هکتار به ترتیب با میانگین 58/4 و 94/4 گرم مشاهده شد. بیشترین غلظت نیتروژن مربوط به کاربرد سطحی ۴۳ تن در هکتار کود گاوی با میزان 9/1 گرم بر کیلوگرم بود، اما بالاترین میزان فسفر در کاربرد زیرسطحی ۵۳ تن کود گاوی در هکتار با میانیگن 8/1 گرم بر کیلوگرم حاصل شد. کاربرد زیرسطحی ۲۷ تن کود گاوی در هکتار غلظت پتاسیم بیشتری نسبت به سایر تیمارها نشان داد. غلظت گوگرد در روش زیرسطحی نسبت به پخش سطحی کود گاوی ۶/۶ درصد افزایش داشت. تیمارهای کاربرد زیرسطحی ۲۷ و ۴۰ تن در هکتار و تیمار پخش سطحی ۵۳ تن در هکتار دارای بالاترین میزان عملکرد بودند. غلظت پایین نیترات با کاربرد زیرسطحی ۴۰ تن در هکتار و پخش سطحی ۲۷ و ۵۳ تن در هکتار کود گاوی مشاهده شد.
نتیجه گیری: با توجه به نتایج، در میان تیمارهای کاربردی، تیمار زیرسطحی 40 تن کود گاوی در هکتار بهترین بود، چون دارای بیشترین عملکرد بود و غلظت نیترات در گیاه را نیز کاهش داد.
واژه‌های کلیدی: عملکرد، گوگرد، کود گاوی، نیترات

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Eeffect of Application Method and Different Levels of Cattle Manure on Performance and Concentration of Some Nutrients of Garlic (Allium sativum)

نویسنده [English]

  • Seyfollah Fallah 1
1
2
3
چکیده [English]

Background and Objectives: The management of adding fertilizer is one of the essential factors for success in the cultivation of medicinal plants. The precise application of nutrients, not only plays an important role on performance improvement, but also is effective on improving the quality of created products. Animal manure has ecological and agronomic benefits, but its surface broadcast of the manure in the field requires a large amount of such manure which is followed by economical and environmental cost consequences, thus the aim of present research is to evaluate the effect of application method and different levels of manure on performance and concentration of some garlic nutrients.
Materials and Methods: the experiment carried out factorially in a randomized complete block design with three replications at the Research Station of Shahrekord University in 2014. Treatments consisted of three levels of cattle manure (27, 40 and 53 ton/ha) and two methods of manure application (surface broadcast and subsurface application). The traits such as photosynthesis pigments, plant height, clove number, clove weight, performance, nitrogen concentration, concentration phosphorus, concentration potassium, and sulfur concentration and nitrate concentration were measured.

Results: The results showed the highest amount of chlorophyll b observed in surface broadcasting of 27 ton/ha of cattle manure with an average of 1.23 mg/g. The highest plant height observed in subsurface application of 53 ton/ha of cattle manure and surface broadcasting of 40 ton/ha of cattle manure with the averages of 52.8 and 53.3 cm, respectively. The maximum clove number with an average of 10.78 cloves per plant obtained in surface broadcasting of 40 ton/ha of cattle manure. The maximum clove weight was recorded in surface and subsurface application of 53 ton/ha cattle manure, 4.94 and 4.58 g, respectively. The highest concentration of nitrogen is belonged to surface application of 43 ton/ha of cattle manure with average of 1.9 g/kg, but the highest amount of phosphorous gained in subsurface application of 53 ton/ha of cattle manure with average of 1.8 g/kg. The subsurface application of 27 ton/ha of cattle manure showed more potassium concentration than other treatments. Sulfur concentration in subsurface method of cattle manure showed an increase of 6.6 percent than surface broadcasting. Subsurface application treatments of 27 and 40 ton/ha, and surface broadcasting treatment of 53 ton/ha had the maximum amount of performance. Low concentrations of nitrate observed in subsurface application of 40 ton/ha and surface broadcast of 27 and 53 ton/ha of cattle manure.
Conclusion: According to the results, among the applicable treatments, subsurface treatment of 40 ton/ha of cattle manure was the best, because it had the maximum performance and also reduced the nitrate concentration in garlic.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Yield
  • Sulfur
  • cattle manure
  • Nitrate
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