اثر زغال‌زیستی کاه‌گندم و نئوپان اشباع شده با آهن بر جذب آهن و رشد دو رقم سویا در یک خاک آهکی

نوع مقاله : مقاله کامل علمی پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی کارشناسی‌ارشد ،گروه علوم خاک ، ،دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان

2 دانشیار ، گروه علوم خاک، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان

3 دانشیار، گروه علوم خاک، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان

4 استادیار مؤسسه تحقیقات پنبه کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، گرگان، ایران

چکیده

چکیده
سابقه و هدف: زغال زیستی یک محصول غنی از کربن است که از گرماکافت بقایای آلی کربن دار در شرایط عدم وجود اکسیژن یا اکسیژن محدود تولید می شود. کاربرد زغال زیستی به دلیل ویژگی‌های منحصر به فرد نظیر مقادیر کربن آلی، سطح ویژه و ظرفیت تبادل کاتیونی بالا موجب افزایش قدرت جذب و نگهداری آب و عناصر غذایی و در نتیجه موجب افزایش سطح حاصلخیزی خاک می شود. بنابراین، هدف از این پژوهش بررسی اثر زغال زیستی اشباع شده با کود آهن بر رشد و جذب آهن توسط سویا در یک خاک آهکی بود.
مواد و روش ها: خاک آهکی دارای کمبود آهن قابل استفاده (30-0 سانتی متری) از شرق استان گلستان تهیه شد و پس از هوا خشک شدن از یک الک 2 میلی متری عبور داده شد. دونوع زغال زیستی از کاه گندم و نئوپان در دمای 300 درجه سانتی گراد تهیه و با سولفات آهن Fe2SO4.7H2O اشباع سازی شد. آزمایشی گلدانی به صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح کاملا تصادفی در چهار تکرار انجام شد. فاکتورها شامل زغال های زیستی (زغال زیستی کاه گندم (WB) و زغال زیستی نئوپان (PB) با 5/2 درصد وزنی)، زغال های زیستی اشباع شده با آهن (زغال زیستی اشباع شده کاه گندم 5/2 درصد وزنی (Fe-IWB1) و 5 درصد وزنی (Fe-IWB2)، زغال زیستی نئوپان اشباع شده 5/2 درصد وزنی (Fe-IPB1) و 5 درصد وزنی (Fe-IPB2)، کود سکوسترین آهن (S) و تیمار شاهد (C) و دو رقم سویا (ویلیامز و سامان) بود. گلدان های کشت شده به مدت 12 هفته در حدود ظرفیت مزرعه به روش وزنی نگهداری شدند. سپس ارتفاع، عملکرد وزن تر و وزن خشک، غلظت و جذب آهن کل شاخساره و مقدار آهن فراهم خاک بعد از برداشت اندازه گیری شد.
یافته ها: مصرف زغال زیستی اشباع شده با آهن سبب افزایش فراهمی آهن در خاک گردید. همچنین تصاویر SEM نشان داد که آهن روی سطوح زغال های زیستی جذب سطحی یا انباشته شده است. ارتفاع، وزن تر و وزن خشک هر دو رقم سویا در هر دو سطح تیمارهای
زغال های زیستی اشباع شده با آهن از تیمار زغال های زیستی اشباع نشده و شاهد بطور معنی داری بیشتر بود (01/0P ≤ ) ولی با تیمار سکوسترین آهن تفاوت معناداری نداشت. همچنین غلظت و مقدار جذب آهن در شاخساره در هر دو رقم سویا با مصرف زغال های زیستی اشباع شده در مقایسه با خاک شاهد و زغال های زیستی اشباع نشده افزایش معنی دار داشت (01/0P ≤ ). پاسخ ارقام به زغال های زیستی اشباع شده با آهن نشان داد که وزن خشک و جذب آهن شاخساره رقم سامان در هر دو سطح زغال زیستی اشباع شده با آهن به-طور معنی دارای بیشتر از رقم ویلیامز بود.
نتیجه گیری: مصرف زغال زیستی اشباع شده با آهن در خاک آهکی دچار کلروز آهن باعث افزایش فراهمی آهن شد. بنابراین زغال زیستی اشباع شده با آهن علاوه بر بهبود خصوصیات فیزیکی، شیمیایی و بیولوژیکی خاک به خوبی می تواند همانند سکوسترین آهن کمبود آهن گیاه را برطرف سازد.
واژه های کلیدی: آهن، خاک، سویا ،زغال زیستی، اشباع سازی

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Effect of iron impregnated wheat straw and particleboard biochar on the iron uptake and growth of two soybean cultivars in a calcareous soil

نویسندگان [English]

  • Jalal-e-din Khallizadeh 1
  • Esmael Dordipour 2
  • Mojtaba Baranimotlgh 3
  • Abdolreza Gharanjiki 4
1 M.Sc. Student, Soil Sci. Dept., Faculty of Water and Soil, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Basij Sq., Gorgan, Iran.
2 Member of scientific board
3 Member of scientific board
4 Scientific Staff Member, Cotton Research Institute, Areeo, Gorgan, Iran
چکیده [English]

Abstract
Background and Objectives: Biochar is a carbon-rich product which is produced using pyrolysis of carbon-containing organic residues under anaerobic or oxygen-limited conditions. Due to unique properties such as high organic carbon, specific surface area and cation exchange capacity, application of biochar leads to increase in adsorption and holding capacity of water and nutrients. This, in turn, results in improved soil fertility. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of iron impregnated biochr on iron uptake and growth of soybean grown in calcareous soil.
Materials and Methods: An iron deficient calcareous soil (0-30 cm) was collected from east of Golestan province and after air drying, it was passed through a 2 mm sieve. Two types of biochar were produced from wheat straw and particleboard (at 300○C) and impregnated with iron sulfate (Fe2SO4.7H2O). A pot experiment was conducted as a factorial arrangement in a completely randomized design with four replications. Factors were biochars (wheat straw biochar (WB) and particleboard biochars (PB) with 2.5% w/w), iron impregnated biochars (Fe impregnated wheat straw biochar 2.5% w/w (Fe- IWB1) and 5% w/w (Fe-IWB2), 2.5% w/w (Fe-IPB1) and 5% w/w (Fe-IPB2) Fe impregnated particleboards, Fe- Sequestrene (S) and control (C), and two Soybean cultivars (Williams and Saman). The sown pots were maintained in field capacity by weighing method for 12 weeks. Then, height, fresh and dry weights, total iron concentration and uptake of shoot and soil available iron contents were determined after the harvest.
Results: The application of Fe impregnated biochar increased iron availability in the soil. Also, SEM images showed that iron was adsorbed or accumulated on biochars surfaces. Height, fresh and dry weights of both soybean cultivars in Fe impregnated biochars were significantly higher than those of bichars and control treatments (P ≤ 0.01), but there were no significant differences among them with treatment Fe- Sequestrene. Furthermore, with the application of Fe impregnated biochars, the iron concentration and uptake amount of shoots in both soybean cultivars increased significantly compared to control and non-impregnated biochars treatments (P <0.01). Cultivars responses to Fe impregnated biochars showed that shoot dry weight and iron uptake of the Saman variety were significantly higher than those of Williams variety in both levels of Fe impregnated biochars.
Conclusion: The application of Fe impregnated biochar in calcareous soils with iron chlorosis increased iron availability. Therefore, in addition to improving the physical, chemical and biological properties of soil, Fe impregnated biochars like Fe- Sequestrene can effectively remove the iron deficiency of the plant.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Iron
  • Soil
  • Soybean
  • Biochar
  • Impregnation

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مجله مدیریت خاک و تولید پایدار
دوره 10، شماره 1
خرداد 1399
صفحه 83-100

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