مقایسه کاربرد برگی و خاکی نانوکلات‌های آهن بر ویژگی‌های رشدی آفتابگردان در یک خاک شور

نوع مقاله : مقاله کامل علمی پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانش‌آموخته کارشناسی‌ارشد ، گروه علوم خاک، دانشگاه زابل

2 دانشیار ، گروه علوم خاک، دانشگاه زابل،

3 دانشیار ، گروه شیمی، دانشگاه زابل

چکیده

سابقه و هدف: فناوری‌های نوین مانند بیوتکنولوژی و نانوتکنولوژی نقش مهمی در افزایش تولیدات و بهبود کیفیت مواد‌ غذایی تولید شده توسط کشاورزان ایفا می‌کنند. شوری خاک نیز مستقیماً بر جذب عناصر غذایی اثرگذار می‌باشد. هدف از انجام این تحقیق، بررسی کاربرد نانو کلات با بنیان‌های اتیلن‌دی‌آمین‌تترا استیک‌اسید (EDTA) و اسید هیومیک (HA) به عنوان عامل کودی می‌باشد.
مواد و روش‌ها: این تحقیق به صورت آزمایش گلدانی و به صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی شامل دو سطح کودی نانو کلات‌های آهن (اتیلن‌دی‌آمین‌تترا استیک‌اسید و اسید هیومیک) و دو روش کاربرد کود (محلول‌پاشی با سطح یک گرم در لیتر و خاکی با سطح 1 گرم در کیلوگرم همراه با شاهد) در سه تکرار در گلخانه تحقیقاتی دانشگاه زابل انجام شد. جهت کشت از 5 بذر آفتابگردان استفاده گردید. همچنین اعمال تیمارها به دو صورت مصرف خاکی و محلول‌پاشی از زمان 6-4 برگی، در 4 مرحله و در فواصل زمانی 15 روزه اجرا گردید. در طول دوره آزمایش نیز گلدان‏ها توسط آب مقطر و به روش وزنی آبیاری شدند. 8 هفته بعد از کشت گیاه، برخی پارامترهای رشد، میزان کلروفیل و همچنین عناصر غذایی (آهن، روی، فسفر و پتاسیم) اندام هوایی گیاه آفتابگردان (Helianthus annuus) در شرایط شوری دایمی خاک بررسی گردید. تجزیه آماری بر اساس نرم افزار آماری SAS و آنالیز واریانس داده‏ها بر اساس برنامه تجزیه واریانس آنووا انجام شد. میانگین شاخص‏های اندازه‌گیری شده با استفاده از آزمون دانکن در سطح 05/0 گروه‏بندی شدند.
یافته‌ها: نتایج بدست آمده نشان داد اثرات متقابل نوع کود و روش مصرف آن تأثیر معنی‌داری بر شاخص‌های اندام‌هوایی (وزن خشک، تعداد برگ و ارتفاع بوته)، محتوای کلروفیل‌های برگ (a، b، کل و کارتنوئیدها) و غلظت عناصر غذایی (آهن، روی، فسفر و پتاسیم) گیاه آفتابگردان داشت (p≤0.01). مقایسه میانگین‌ها نشان داد محلول‌پاشی نانو کلات آهن با بنیان اتیلن‌دی‌آمین‌تترا استیک‌اسید وزن خشک اندام هوایی، تعداد برگ و ارتفاع بوته (به ترتیب 15/1، 21/1 و 05/1 برابر)، میزان کارتنوئید برگ (76/1 برابر) و همچنین غلظت آهن در اندام هوایی (37/2 برابر) را در مقایسه با شاهد افزایش داد. همچنین در مصرف خاکی نانو کلات آهن با بنیان اتیلن-دی‌آمین‌تترا استیک‌اسید، میزان غلظت عناصر فسفر و پتاسیم نیز به ترتیب 59/1 و 94/1 برابر نسبت به شاهد افزایش یافت.
نتیجه‌گیری: با توجه به نتایج، کاربرد محلول‌پاشی نانوکلات آهن با بنیان اتیلن‌دی‌آمین‌تترا استیک‌اسید اکثر پارامترهای رشد گیاه آفتابگردان را بهبود داد که برتری این نانو کود را نسبت به نانوکلات آهن با بنیان اسید هیومیک در خاک‌های شور نشان می‌دهد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Comparison of Foliar and Soil Application of Iron Nano-Chelate on Sunflower Growth Characteristics in a Saline Soil

نویسندگان [English]

  • Marzyeh Shahraki Zad 1
  • Ahmad Gholamalizadeh 2
  • Noshin Mir 3
1 Soil Science Departement Faculty of Soil and Water University of Zabol
2
3 Departement of Chemistry Faculty of Sciences University of Zabol
چکیده [English]

Abstract
Background and objectives: Modern technologies, such as biotechnology and nanotechnology, play an important role in increasing production and improving the quality of food produced by farmers. Salinity also directly affects the absorption of nutrients elements. This study aims to investigate the use of nano-chelate with ethylene diamine tetra-acetic acid (EDTA) and Humic Acid (HA) base as fertilizer agents on Sunflower.
Materials and methods: This study was done as a pot experiment as a factorial in a completely randomized design including two levels of iron nano-chelate fertilizer (ethylene diamine tetra-acetic acid and Humic Acid) and two methods of application of fertilizers (foliar application with the level of one gram per Liter and soil application with the level of one gram per kilogram with the control) in three replications in the research greenhouse of Zabol University. Five sunflower seeds were used for cultivation. The treatments were applied in two ways that are soil use and spraying form, when plants are 4 to 6 leaves the tratments have been used in 4 steps and at intervals of 15 days. The pots were irrigated by distilled water and weighting method during the experiment period. Some growth parameters, chlorophyll content as well as nutrients (Fe, Zn, P, K) of sunflower shoot (Helianthus annuus) under permanent salinity conditions were investigated about two months after planting. Statistical analysis was performed on the basis of SAS software and Analysis of data variance was done based on ANOVA software. The mean of measured indices was categorized using Duncan test at the level of 0.05.
Results: Results showed that the interactions of fertilizer type and its method of use have a significant effect on the shoot indexes (dry weight, leaf number and plant height), leaf chlorophyll content (a, b, total and carotenoids) and nutrient concentration (Fe, Zn, P, K) of sunflower plant (p≤0.01). Comparison of the means showed that spraying EDTA-based iron nano-chelate increases dry weight of shoot, the number of leaves and plant height (1.15, 1.21 and 1.05 times, respectively), the level of leaf carotenoid (1.76 times) and also Fe concentration in the shoot (2.37 times) compared to the control. Moreover, in EDTA-based iron nano-chelate soil application, the concentration of phosphorus and potassium elements is respectively increased 1.59 and 1.94 than control.
Conclusion: According to the results, spraying EDTA-based iron nano-chelate improved most of the sunflower growth parameters, which shows the superiority of this Nano-fertilizer to HA-based iron Nano-chelate in saline soils.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Chelate
  • Micronutrients
  • Nano-Fertilizer
  • Nanotechnology
  • Oil Plants

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مجله مدیریت خاک و تولید پایدار
دوره 11، شماره 1
خرداد 1400
صفحه 47-63

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