بررسی اثر مدیریت کاربرد نیتروژن در ترکیب با اسید سالیسیلیک بر رشد و عملکرد گندم در خاک‏های شور – مطالعه موردی خاک‌های انبار الوم استان گلستان

نوع مقاله : مقاله کامل علمی پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانش‌آموخته کارشناسی‌ارشد، گروه علوم خاک، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان، 2دانشیار گروه علوم خاک،

2 دانشیار ، گروه علوم خاک، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان

3 استادیار ، گروه علوم خاک، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان،

4 استادیار ، مؤسسه تحقیقات پنبه کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی گرگان

چکیده

سابقه و هدف: شوری یکی از عمده‌ترین و مخرب‌ترین محدودیت های موجود در محیط رشد گیاه است که نه‏تنها رشد بلکه تولیدات کشاورزی و حاصلخیزی خاک را نیز تحت تأثیر قرار می‌دهد. تنش شوری باعث عدم تعادل مواد مغذی و هورمونی، سمیت یونی، تنش اکسیداتیو و اسمزی و افزایش حساسیت گیاه به بیماری‏ها می‌شود. در همین راستا تحقیقات نشان داده است که اسید سالیسیلیک سبب ایجاد مقاومت در گیاهان نسبت به تنش‌های محیطی از جمله شوری می‌شود. نیتروژن نیز با توجه به نقش چشمگیری که در استقرار گیاه و کسب توانایی‌های فتوسنتزی و فیزیولوژیکی داشته، اثر مستقیمی بر عملکرد گیاه برعهده دارد.
مواد و روش‏ها: به منظور بررسی اثرات اسید سالیسیلیک و مقادیر مصرف کود نیتروژنی در شوری‌های مختلفِ اراضی شرکت سهامی مزرعه نمونه واقع در انبار الوم شهرستان آق قلا استان گلستان بر رشد گندم رقم مروارید، آزمایشی به‌صورت اسپیلت پلات فاکتوریل در قالب طرح پایه بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی در چهار تکرار انجام شد. فاکتور اصلی شامل سه سطح شوری طبیعی خاک، )4-3 زیر سطح آستانه تحمل گندم (شاهد)، 11-9 و 15-13 دسی‌زیمنس بر متر) و فاکتورهای فرعی شامل دو سطح اسید سالیسیلک (صفر و 5/1 میلی مولار) و سه سطح کود نیتروژن (مصرف اوره در مقادیر 30 درصد کمتر از توصیه آزمون خاک، توصیه آزمون خاک، و 30 درصد بیشتر از توصیه آزمون خاک) بود. اسید سالیسیلیک به‏صورت دو بار محلول‏پاشی در مرحله پنجه‏زنی به‏فاصله 2 هفته انجام شد. تیمارهای نیتروژنی در سه مرحله- قبل از کاشت و دو بار سرک در مراحل پنجه‏زنی و طویل‏شدن ساقه- اعمال شد. ارتفاع و وزن خشک گیاه، عملکرد دانه، تعداد خوشه، تعداد دانه در خوشه، وزن هزار دانه و طول خوشه اندازه‌گیری شدند.
یافته‌ها: نتایج نشان داد با افزایش شوری عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد کاهش یافت (01/0≥p). با افزایش میزان نیتروژن، عملکرد دانه و اجزای آن، افزایش یافت (01/0≥p). به‌ طوری‌که بیشترین عملکرد دانه در تیمار 30 درصد نیتروژن بیشتر از توصیه آزمون خاک دیده شد که اختلاف معنی‏دار نسبت به دو سطح دیگر داشت. مصرف اسید سالیسیلیک سبب افزایش تمام پارامترهای عملکرد و اجزای آن به غیر از تعداد دانه در خوشه و طول خوشه شد (01/0≥p). اثر متقابل شوری و نیتروژن نشان داد که مصرف نیتروژن بیشتر از توصیه آزمون خاک تا سطح شوری متوسط (dS/m 11-9) سبب افزایش عملکرد دانه و اجزای عملکرد شد ولی در شوری زیاد (dS/m 15-13) سبب کاهش این صفات شد. در شرایط شوری کم و متوسط استفاده توام اسید سالیسیلیک و نیتروژن بالا سبب افزایش عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد گندم گردید، اما در شوری زیاد نتوانست اثر بسزایی بر آن‏ها داشته باشد.
نتیجه‌گیری: مدیریت کاربرد نیتروژن همراه با مصرف اسید سالیسیلیک تاحدودی توانست اثرات مخرب شوری تا سطح شوری متوسط را کاهش داده و منجر به بهبود رشد و عملکرد گیاه گردد و در سطح شوری بالا بهتر است مصرف کود نیتروژن کاهش یابد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Interactive effect of salicylic acid and nitrogen application management on wheat growth and yield in saline soils- A case study in Anbar Olum, Golestan province

نویسندگان [English]

  • Ghasem Ghorbani Nasrabadi 1
  • Esmael Dordipour 2
  • Mojtaba Barani motlagh 2
  • Elham Malekzadeh 3
  • Abdolreza Gharanjiki 4
1 M.Sc. Graduate of Soil Science, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources
2 Member of scientific board
3 Assistant Professor, Department of Soil Science, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources
4 Assistant Professor, Cotton Research Institute of Iran, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Gorgan, Iran
چکیده [English]

Background and Objectives: Salinity is one of the major constraints prevailing in the environment that affects not only plant growth but also agriculture productivity and soil fertility. Salinity stress causes nutritional and hormonal imbalance, ion toxicity, oxidative and osmotic stress and increase susceptibility of plant to diseases. In this regard, research has shown that salicylic acid causes resistance in plants to environmental stresses, including salinity. Nitrogen also has a direct effect on plant yield due to its significant role in plant establishment and photosynthetic and physiological abilities.
Materials and Methods: In order to investigate the effects of salicylic acid and nitrogen fertilizer application rates at different salinity levels on growth of wheat cv. Morvarid, an experiment was conducted as a split plot factorial based on a randomized complete block design with four replications in the fields of Mazraeh-E-Nemooneh located in Anbarolum, Aq Qala city, Golestan province. The main factor included three soil salinity levels (3-4 below wheat tolerance threshold (control), 9-11and 13-15 dS/m) and sub factors included two levels of salicylic acid (0 and 1.5 mM) and three levels of nitrogen fertilizer (urea) included 30% N less than soil test recommendation, N based on soil test recommendation and 30% N more than soil test recommendation, respectively. Salicylic acid was foliar applied twice at 2 weeks intervals in the tillering stage. Nitrogen treatments were applied in three stages- before planting and twice as top dressing at the tillering and stem elongation stages. Plant dry weight and height, grain yield, number of spike, number of grains per spike, thousand seed weight and spike length were measured.
Results: The results showed that the effect of different levels of salinity on yield and its components were significant. With increasing the salinity, yield and yield components decreased (p≤0.01). However, yield and yield components increased as N fertilizer consumption increased (p≤0.01). So that the highest grain yield was in the +30% of soil test recommendation treatment (N3), which was significantly different from the other levels. Application of calicylic acid increased all parameters of yield and its components except for number of grains per spike and spike length (p≤0.01). The interactive effect of salinity and nitrogen showed that application of N fertilizer more than the soil test recommendation level up to moderate salinity level (9-11 dS/m) was increased yield and yield components but at high salinity level (13-15 dS/m) reduced these traits. Also, nitrogen application with salicylic acid improved these traits under low and moderate saline conditions, but could not have a significant effect on them at high salinity level.
Conclusion: Therefore, the application of salicylic acid and nitrogen fertilizer management to some extent alleviated the adverse effects of salinity up to moderate salinity levels and improved plant growth and yield by increasing plant tolerance to salinity. At high salinity condition, it is better to reduce the use of nitrogen fertilizer.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Fertilizer management
  • Plant growth regulator
  • Salinity stress
  • Wheat

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مجله مدیریت خاک و تولید پایدار
دوره 11، شماره 1
خرداد 1400
صفحه 149-164

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