بررسی تاثیر کاربرد کودهای زیستی بر رشد گیاه گازانیا (Gazania rigens L.)

نوع مقاله : مقاله کامل علمی پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 کارشناسی ارشد، دانشکده کشاورزی و صنایع غذایی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد علوم و تحقیقات، تهران، ایران

2 استاد دانشگاه،استادیاران دانشکده کشاورزی و صنایع غذایی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد علوم و تحقیقات، تهران، ایران

3 دانشگاه پیام نور- تهران - ایران

4 استادیاردانشکده کشاورزی و صنایع غذایی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد علوم و تحقیقات، تهران، ایران

چکیده

سابقه و هدف: امروزه ، کودها یکی از عوامل موثر بر عملکرد گیاهان هستند ، اما استفاده زیاد از آنها ، به ویژه اگر با روشهای مدیریت نامناسب مانند سوزاندن بقایای گیاهان ترکیب شود ، مواد آلی خاک را به شدت کاهش می دهد. همچنین استفاده طولانی مدت از کودهای شیمیایی منجر به شستشو و آلودگی آب های زیرزمینی می شود. استفاده از کودهای زیستی برای کاهش استفاده از کودهای شیمیایی و افزایش بازده محصول ، یک استراتژی مهم برای حرکت به سمت کشاورزی پایدار است. تاکنون هیچ تحقیقی در مورد تأثیر ورمی کمپوست و ورمی واش بر رشد و نمو گیاه گازانیا انجام نشده است. بنابراین مطالعه حاضر به منظور بررسی اثرات ورمی کمپوست و ورمی واش بر رشد و نمو گیاه گازانیا انجام شد.
مواد و روش‌ها : به‌منظور بررسی تاثیر کودهای زیستی بر خصوصیات مورفولوژیکی و فیزیولوژیکی گل گازانیا آزمایشی در سال 1397 در گلخانه‌ گروه زراعت دانشگاه تهران در کرج انجام شد. ورمی‌کمپوست در 4 سطح (شاهد، 20، 40 و 60 درصد حجمی بستر کشت) و ورمی‌واش در 4 سطح (شاهد، 50، 100 و 200 میلی‌گرم در لیتر) به‌صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح بلوک کامل تصادفی استفاده شدند. صفات ارتفاع بوته، تعداد گل، قطر گل، حجم ریشه، وزن تر و خشک اندام هوایی، وزن تر و خشک ریشه، مقدار کلروفیل، میزان قند محلول، غلظت عناصر پتاسیم، نیتروژن و فسفر برگ مورد بررسی قرار گرفتند. تجزیه و تحلیل آماری داده ها با استفاده از نرم افزار SAS نسخه 9.1 و مقایسه میانگین ها با استفاده از آزمون چند دامنه دانکن در سطح احتمال 5٪ انجام شد.
یافته‌ها: تیمارهای ورمی کمپوست و ورمی واش اثرات چشمگیری بر خصوصیات مورفولوژیکی و فیزیولوژیکی گیاه گازانیا داشتند. اثر متقابل ورمی کمپوست و ورمی واش برای همه صفات مورد مطالعه به جز غلظت فسفر معنی دار بود. بیشترین تعداد گل (10 گل) در تیمار 60٪ ورمی کمپوست و ورمیواش با میزان 100 میلی گرم در لیتر مشاهده شد. از نظر تعداد و قطر گل بین 40 تا 60 درصد حجم ورمی کمپوست و همچنین بین 100 تا 200 میلی گرم در لیتر ورمی واش تفاوت معنی داری مشاهده نشد. بنابراین ، افزایش مقدار ورمی کمپوست و ورمی واش تا حدی باعث افزایش خصوصیات تولید مثل گیاه می شود و بالاتر از آن حتی می تواند صفات مربوطه را کاهش دهد. با افزایش حجم ورمی کمپوست از 20٪ به 40٪ ، حجم ریشه گلهای گل آفریقایی به طور قابل توجهی تغییر کرد. وزن تازه و خشک شاخه ها نیز پاسخی مشابه به تیمارهای ورمی کمپوست و ورمی واش نشان داد. با افزایش حجم ورمی کمپوست از 20 به 40٪ ، قند محلول به طور قابل توجهی در گیاه گازانیا افزایش می یابد. ورمی کمپوست و ورمی واش باعث افزایش کلروفیل در گازانیا شدند. بیشترین مقدار کلروفیل b در تیمار ورمی کمپوست با حجم 60٪ و 50 میلی گرم در لیتر ورمی واش مشاهده شد.
نتیجه‌گیری: بر اساس نتایج آزمایش ، ورمی کمپوست و ورمی واش ، با جذب مواد مغذی موثر و جذب و ذخیره سازی آب زیاد ، صفات تولیدمثل گیاه گازانیا را افزایش داد.اثر تیمار ورمی‌کمپوست بر صفات مورد بررسی گازانیا بیشتر از تیمار ورمی‌واش بود.تیمار 40 درصد حجمی ورمی‌کمپوست و 200 میلی‌گرم در لیتر ورمی‌واش مناسب‌ترین تیمار جهت بهبود رشد گیاه گازانیا بود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Evaluation of biological fertilizers on growth of African daisies (Gazania rigens L.)

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mahdi Esmaeili 1
  • Sepideh Kalatejari 2
  • Foad Fatehi 3
  • Marjan Diyanat 4
1 Department of Agricultural Sciences and Food Industries, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
2 Assistant Professor , Department of Agricultural Sciences and Food Industries, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
3 Assistant Professor, Payame Noor University- Tehran- Iran
4 Assistant Professor , Department of Agricultural Sciences and Food Industries, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
چکیده [English]

Introduction: Nowadays, fertilizers are one of the factors affecting the yield of plants, but their high use, especially when combined with inappropriate management practices such as burning of plant residues, drastically reduce soil organic matter. Long-term use of chemical fertilizers also results in the leaching and contamination of groundwater. Using biofertilizers to reduce chemical fertilizer use and increase crop yields is an important strategy to move towards sustainable agriculture. So far, no research has been conducted on the effect of vermicompost and vermiwash on the growth and development of African daisies. Therefore, the present study was conducted to investigate the effects of vermicompost and vermiwash on growth and development of African daisies plant.
Material and methods: The present study was conducted to assess the effect of vermicompost and vermiwash on morphological and physiological properties of African daisies (Gazania rigens L.) in 2018. For this purpose, vermicompost was applied at 4 levels (control, 20, 40, and 60 % V/V), and vermiwash was applied at 4 levels (control, 50, 100, and 200 mg/l) as a factorial based on randomized block design. Plant height, number of flowers, flower diameter, root volume, fresh and dry weight of shoot and root, chlorophyll content, insoluble sugar, K, N and P concentration were studied. Statistical analysis of the data was performed using SAS software version 9.1 and comparison of means by Duncan’s Multiple Range Test at 5% probability level.
Results and discussion: Vermicompost and vermiwash treatments had significant effects on morphological and physiological properties of African daisies. Interaction effect of vermicompost and vermiwash was significant for all studied traits except P concentration. The highest number of flowers (10) was observed in 60% vermicompost and vermiwash treatment at 100 mg/l. There were no significant differences between 40 and 60% vermicompost volume and also between 100 and 200 mg/ l vermiwash in flower number and diameter. Therefore, increasing the amount of vermicompost and vermiwash to some extent increase the reproductive properties of the plant and higher than that amount can even reduce related traits. By increasing the volume of vermicompost from 20% to 40%, the root volume of African daisies significantly changed. The fresh and dry weight of shoots also showed a similar response to vermicompost and vermiwash treatments. By increasing vermicompost volume from 20 to 40%, the soluble sugar increased significantly in African daisies. Vermicompost and vermiwash increased chlorophyll content in African daisies. The highest amount of chlorophyll b was observed in vermicompost treatment at 60% volume and 50 mg/ l vermiwash.
Conclusion: According to the results of the experiment, vermicompost and vermiwash, with effective nutrient absorption and high water absorption and storage capacity, increased the reproductive traits of African daisies. The effect of vermicompost was higher than vermiwash on studied traits. Treatment of 40% vermicompost and 200 mg/l vermiwash was the best treatment for improvement of African daisies growth

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Chlorophyll
  • number of flower
  • plant height
  • potassium content
  • vermicompost

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مجله مدیریت خاک و تولید پایدار
دوره 12، شماره 2
تیر 1401
صفحه 107-125

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