اثر اصلاح کننده‌های مختلف بر برخی ویژگی‌های شیمیایی خاک آبیاری شده با پساب صنعتی

نوع مقاله : مقاله کامل علمی پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه علوم خاک، دانشگاه بوعلی‌سینا، همدان، ایران.

2 گروه علوم خاک، دانشگاه گیلان، رشت، ایران.

چکیده

سابقه و هدف: رشد شدید جمعیت جهان در چند دهه اخیر باعث بروز مشکلاتی از نظر تامین آب و منابع کشاورزی شده است. محدودیت منابع آب یکی از مهم‌ترین مشکلات موجود در بخش کشاورزی است. استفاده از پساب فاضلاب تصفیه شده شهری و صنعتی با در نظر گرفتن مسائل جانبی و کاهش بار آلودگی آن از طریق افزودن اصلاح کننده‌ها به خاک، شاید بتواند نیاز آبی و غذایی گیاه را تأمین نماید. بنابراین هدف مطالعه حاضر بررسی تأثیر اصلاح‌ کننده‌های مختلف بر ویژگی‌های خاک آبیاری شده با پساب صنعتی شهرک صنعتی بوعلی استان همدان بود.
مواد و روش‌ها: برای انجام این مطالعه پساب تصفیه شده در فصل تابستان از شهرک صنعتی بوعلی استان همدان تأمین شد. آزمایش گلخانه‌ای در دانشگاه بو علی سینا همدان با استفاده از خاک لومی آبیاری شده با پساب در قالب طرح بلوک کامل تصادفی و با 3 تکرار انجام شد. در این مطالعه از 9 تیمار شامل اسید سیتریک، کمپوست، کود دامی، گچ، تیمارهای ترکیبی (گچ+کود دامی، گچ+کمپوست، اسید سیتریک+کود دامی، اسید سیتریک+کمپوست) و شاهد و در مجموع 27 نمونه استفاده شد. ویژگی‌های خاک قبل و بعد از اعمال تیمارهای اندازه‌گیری شد. این ویژگی‌ها شامل pH، قابلیت هدایت الکتریکی، ظرفیت تبادل کاتیونی، ماده آلی، فسفر کل و فسفر فراهم، عناصر کم مصرف روی، مس، آهن و منگنز و غلظت فلزات سرب، نیکل و کادمیوم اندازه‌گیری شد.
یافته‌ها: نتایج نشان داد که پساب مورد مطالعه جزء آب‌های نامناسب با سدیم زیاد است که استفاده از اصلاح‌ کننده‌های مختلف مانند کمپوست، کود دامی و اسید سیتریک در خاک تحت آبیاری با پساب می‌تواند شوری خاک را به صورت معنی‌داری کاهش دهد (از 53/2 در تیمار شاهد به 16/2 در تیمار کمپوست). اثر اصلاح‌ کننده‌های مورد استفاده بر برخی ویژگی‌های شیمیایی نشان داد که کاربرد اصلاح -کننده‌های مختلف در خاک تحت آبیاری با پساب، سبب تغییرات معنی‌دار pH، قابلیت هدایت الکتریکی، ظرفیت تبادل کاتیونی، ماده آلی، کربنات کلسیم معادل، کاتیون‌های کلسیم، منیزیم و سدیم، فسفر کل و فسفر فراهم خاک شد. کمترین مقدار مس کل در تیمار شاهد با میانگین 84/13میلی‌گرم در کیلوگرم و بیشترین مقدار آن در تیمار ترکیبی 50% گچ + 50% کمپوست با میانگین 93/14 میلی‌گرم در کیلوگرم به دست آمد.
نتیجه‌گیری: نتایج تجزیه خاک نشان داد که غلظت کل و فراهم عناصر سنگین سرب، نیکل و کادمیوم در خاک‌های تیمار شده با اصلاح -کننده‌های مختلف در بیشتر تیمارها بیشتر از غلظت این عناصر در خاک شاهد بود، ولی مقادیر اندازه‌گیری شده عناصر از مقادیر موجود آنها در خاک کمتر بود و از این لحاظ تأثیر سویی بر خاک نداشتند. همچنین از نظر سایر ویژگی‌های مانند شوری نیز مشکلی ایجاد نشده است. به طور کلی نتایج نشان داد که استفاده ترکیبی از اصلاح‌ کننده‌ها نتایج بهتری نسبت به استفاده تکی دارد.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

The effect of different amendments on some chemical properties of soil irrigated with industrial wastewater

نویسندگان [English]

  • Ghasem Rahimi 1
  • Eisa Ebrahimi 2
1 Associate Professor  Soil Science Department Faculty of Agriculture Bu-Ali Sina University Hamedan Iran
2 Ph. D. Student, Soil Science Department, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Background and Objectives: The rapid growth of the world's population in recent decades has led to growing problems in terms of water supply and agricultural resources, and limited water resources are one of the major problems in the agricultural sector. The treated urban and industrial wastewater, which its pollution load is reduced by adding amendments, can be a suitable way to provide plant water and nutritional requirements. Thus, this research aimed to investigate the effect of different amendments on soil properties irrigated with wastewater from Bu-Ali industrial region in the Hamadan province.
Materials and Methods: For this study, treated wastewater was collected from Bu-Ali Industrial town, Hamadan Province. The greenhouse experiment in the Bu Ali Sina University was conducted in a completely randomized design with three replicates with loamy soil irrigated with wastewater. In this research, nine treatments including citric acid, compost, manure, gypsum, composite treatments (gypsum+ manure, gypsum+ compost, citric acid+ manure, citric acid+ compost), and control (27 sample) were used to investigate the effect of these amendments on some chemical properties. Soil properties were measured before and after the application of treatments. These properties included pH, electrical conductivity, cation exchange capacity, organic matter, total phosphorus, and available phosphorus and heavy metal concentrations such as lead, nickel, cadmium, and micronutrient such as zinc, copper, iron, and manganese were also measured.
Results: The results showed that the applied wastewater was considered to be unsuitable water with large quantities of sodium. The application of various amendments such as compost, manure, and citric acid in soil irrigated with wastewater can significantly reduce soil salinity (from 2.53 in the control treatment until 2.16 in the compost treatment). The effect of amendments on some chemical properties revealed that the addition of different amendments to the soil irrigated with wastewater resulted in significant changes in pH, electrical conductivity, cation exchange capacity, organic matter, carbonate equivalent calcium, Ca, Mg, and Na cations, total phosphorus, and Olsen phosphorus. The lowest total copper content was observed in the control treatment with an average of 13.84 mg kg-1, whereas the highest content of this element was seen in the treatment of 50% gypsum + 50% compost with an average of 14.93 mg kg-1.
Conclusion: Furthermore, the total and available concentration of heavy metals (Pb, Ni and Cd) in soil treated by amendments was mostly higher than the control soil. However, their values were lower than those in the soil and therefore, it had no adverse effect on the soil in this respect. There is also no problem with other soil characteristics such as salinity. In general, the results demonstrated that the use of these amendments can be a useful way to reduce pollution levels and the absorption of heavy metals in the plant.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Organic fertilizer
  • Zinc
  • Pollution
  • Citric acid
  • Gypsum
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