ارزیابی اثر کاربرد سطوح مختلف کلرید پتاسیم بر برخی ویژگی های رویشی و غلظت پتاسیم در گیاه کینوا

نوع مقاله : مقاله کامل علمی پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری ،گروه علوم خاک، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان، گرگان، ایران.

2 دانشجوی دکتری ، گروه علوم خاک، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان، گرگان، ایران.

3 گروه علوم خاک، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان، گرگان، ایران

چکیده

سابقه و هدف: پتاسیم یکی از عناصر پرمصرف ضروری برای رشد گیاهان است که نه تنها از نظر مقدار بلکه از لحاظ فیزیولوژیکی و زیست‌شیمیایی نیز از مهم‌ترین کاتیون‌ها در گیاهان محسوب می‌شود. بنابراین، اطلاع از حد بهینه این عنصر در خاک و پاسخ‌های گیاهی به کاربرد مقادیر مختلف آن می‌تواند کمک موثری در توصیه بهینه کودی این عنصر غذایی داشته باشد. این پژوهش با هدف بررسی تاثیر سطوح مختلف کلرید پتاسیم بر عملکرد و غلظت پتاسیم در گیاه کینوا (Chenopodium quinoa Willd) انجام شد.
مواد و روش‌ها: خاک با کمبود پتاسیم قابل استفاده، از عمق 30-0 سانتی‌متری مزارع کشاورزی روستای تقرتپه در 20 کیلومتری شرقی شهرگرگان تهیه شد. برای دستیابی به اهداف این پژوهش، آزمایشی به صورت طرح کاملاً تصادفی در سه تکرار و با 11 تیمار و در مجموع با 33 گلدان در گلخانه دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منایع طبیعی گرگان به اجرا درآمد. تیمارهای کودی شامل 0، 20، 40، 60، 80، 100، 120، 140، 160، 180 و 200 میلی‌گرم پتاسیم بر کیلوگرم خاک و پتاسیم از منبع کلرید پتاسیم به خاک گلدان‌های پنج کیلویی اعمال و تعداد 6 عدد بذر کینوا (رقم تی‌تی‌کاکا) درعمق 2 سانتی متری کشت گردید. دو هفته پس از سبز شدن گیاهان تعداد بوته‌ها به دو عدد تقلیل یافت. گلدان‌های کشت شده به مدت 8 هفته در رطوبت حدود ظرفیت مزرعه به روش وزنی نگهداری شدند. سپس وزن تر و خشک اندام هوایی، شاخص کلروفیل برگ بالایی و پایینی، غلظت و جذب پتاسیم اندام هوایی و پتاسیم قابل استفاده گیاه به روش عصاره‌گیری با استات آمونیوم نرمال اندازگیری شد.
یافته‌ها: بر پایه نتایج به‌دست آمده، اثر سطوح مختلف پتاسیم بر تمام صفات مورد مطالعه در سطح احتمال یک درصد معنی‌دار شد. نتایج نشان داد که بیشترین غلظت و جذب پتاسیم اندام هوایی به ترتیب با میانگین 35/1 و 85/2 درصد مربوط به تیمار 60 و 100 میلی‌گرم بر کیلوگرم مصرف کلرید پتاسیم و کمترین مقدار به‌ترتیب با میانگین 89/0 و 70/0 درصد مربوط به تیمار شاهد بود. همچنین بین پتاسیم عصاره‌گیری شده توسط استات آمونیوم نرمال و شاخص‌های گیاهی همبستگی ضعیف و غیرمعنی‌دار مشاهده گردید. از آنجایی که غالب خاک‌های استان گلستان دارای منشا لسی می‌باشند و در بیشتر خاک‌ها لسی کانی ایلیت غالب بوده و یا درصد زیادی از این خاک‌ها را شامل می‌شود، استفاده از استات آمونیوم نرمال برای عصاره‌گیری پتاسیم تبادلی، کارآیی بالایی در اندازه‌گیری مقدار واقعی پتاسیمی که به آسانی برای گیاه قابل دسترس باشد، نخواهد داشت.
نتیجه‌گیری: نتایج این پژوهش نشان می‌دهد که تیمار 60 و 100 میلی‌گرم بر کیلوگرم کلراید پتاسیم به ترتیب باعث بدست آمدن بالاترین غلظت پتاسیم، جذب پتاسیم و شاخص کلروفیل برگ شد. در عین حال افزایش بیش از 100 میلی‌گرم بر کیلوگرم مصرف کلرید پتاسیم نتوانست تغییر معنی‌داری در صفات مورد بررسی از جمله غلظت پتاسیم ایجاد نماید.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Evaluation of the effect of application of different levels of potassium chloride on some growth characteristics and potassium concentration in quinoa

نویسندگان [English]

  • TALEB NAZARI 1
  • Narges sousaraee 2
  • Mojtaba Baranimotlagh 3
1 PhD student, Dept. of Soil Science, Faculty of Water and Soil Engin., Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran
2 Dept. of Soil Science ,Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources
3 Member of scientific board
چکیده [English]

Background and objectives: Potassium (K) is one of the most crucial nutrients for plant growth, not only quantity but also in terms of physiologically and biochemically; it is one of the most essential cations in plants. Therefore, knowing about the optimal level of this element in the soil, as well as plant responses to different amounts, can be an effective aid in the optimal fertilizer recommendation of this nutrient. Therefore, this study was conducted to investigate the effect of different levels of potassium chloride on yield and potassium concentration in quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd).
Material and methods: Potassium-deficient soil was obtained from a depth of 0-30 cm in the agricultural fields of Taqar Tappeh village, 20 km East of Gorgan. To achieve the objectives of this study, an experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with three replications and 11 treatments, and a total of 33 pots in the greenhouse of Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources. Fertilizer treatments including 0, 20, 40, 60, 80, 100, 120, 140, 160, 180, and 200 mg/kg of potassium of soil and potassium from potassium chloride source are applied to the soil of 5 kg pots, and 6 quinoa seeds (Titicaca cultivar) was planted at a depth of 2 cm. Two weeks after the plants sprouted, the number of plants was reduced to two. Cultivated pots were maintained for 8 weeks at the field capacity by weight method. Then fresh and dry shoot weight, upper and lower leaf SPAD, shoot potassium concentration and uptake and, available potassium plant was measured by extraction method with normal ammonium acetate.
Results: Based on the results, the effect of different rates of potassium on all studied traits was significant at the level of 1% probability. The results showed that the highest concentration and uptake of potassium by shoots with an average of 1.35 and 2.85% were related to the treatment of 60 and 100 mg/kg potassium chloride, and the lowest values with an average of 0.89 and 0.07% were related to the control treatment, respectively. A weak and non-significant correlation was observed between potassium extracted with normal ammonium acetate and plant indices. Since most of the soils of Golestan province are of loess origin and in most soils loess is the predominant mineral or contains a large percentage of these soils, the use of normal ammonium acetate for extraction of exchangeable potassium, high efficiency in measuring the actual amount of potassium which will not be easily accessible to the plant
Conclusion: The results of this study showed that treatment of 60 and 100 mg/kg potassium chloride resulted in the highest concentration of potassium, uptake of potassium, and leaf SPAD respectively. At the same time, increasing more than 100 mg/kg of potassium chloride consumption could not cause a significant change in the studied traits, including potassium concentration.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • loess soils
  • Normal Ammonium Acetate
  • SPAD

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مجله مدیریت خاک و تولید پایدار
دوره 12، شماره 3
مهر 1401
صفحه 93-111

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