بکارگیری شاخص بهبود یافته وزنی و مقایسه ی آن با شاخص های تجمیعی در ارزیابی آلایندگی فلزات سنگین

نوع مقاله : مقاله کامل علمی پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانش ‏آموخته دکتری زمین‌شناسی زیست‌محیطی، گروه زمین‌شناسی، دانشگاه ارومیه، ارومیه، ایران.

2 دانشیار ، گروه زمین‌شناسی، دانشگاه ارومیه، ارومیه، ایران.

چکیده

زمینه و هدف: به جهت وجود اهمیت کیفیت خاک در بستر حیات و محیط زیست، روش‌های ارزیابی مختلفی برای توصیف تأثیر آلاینده‌هایی همچون فلزات سنگین بر کیفیت خاک پیشنهاد شده‌اند. در این مطالعه ما با استفاده از مدل ریاضی، شاخص بهبود یافته وزنی به عنوان رویکردی نو، کیفیت خاک اطراف مجتمع سرب و روی زنجان واقع در شهرستان زنجان را مورد ارزیابی قرار داده و با نتایج حاصل از شاخص‌های آلودگی نمرو و شاخص بار آلودگی مورد مقایسه قرار دادیم.
مواد و روش‌ها: در این مطالعه، نتایج حاصل از 71 ایستگاه نمونه‌‌‌برداری خاک اطراف مجتمع سرب و روی زنجان، واقع در شمال غربی ایران، توسط دستگاه اسپکترومتری نشری پلاسمای جفت شده القایی برای قرائت غلظت فلزات سنگین سرب، روی، آرسنیک، کادمیوم، تالیوم، باریم، آنتیموان، وانادیوم، کبالت، مولیبدن، نیکل و مس مورد استفاده قرار گرفت. همچنین مقدار اسیدیته خاک مورد آنالیز قرار گرفت. در این رویکرد، در طی محاسبه‌ی شاخص بهبود یافته وزنی، وزن‌ها با استفاده از ابزارهای آماری، از جمله تجزیه و تحلیل خوشه‌ای سلسله مراتبی و تحلیل مؤلفه‌های اصلی، به فلزات سنگین مختلف اختصاص داده شد. نتیجه‌ی حاصل از شاخص به صورت کمّی مقدار آلایندگی را مشخص می‌سازد.
یافته‌ها: براساس شاخص بهبود یافته وزنی، 9/19 درصد نمونه‌ها در آلودگی متوسط و 2/4 درصد نمونه‌ها در آلودگی شدید، و سایر نمونه‌ها فاقد آلودگی و یا با آلودگی اندک بودند. برحسب شاخص بار آلودگی 8/5 درصد نمونه‌ها در آلودگی متوسط و 8/2 درصد در آلودگی شدید و شاخص آلودگی نمرو 9/19 درصد نمونه‌ها در آلودگی متوسط و 2/42 درصد در آلودگی شدید قرار دارند. مقایسه همبستگی نتایج حاصل از مدل با شاخص بهبود یافته وزنی با شاخص بار آلودگی، مقدار همبستگی 907/0 و با شاخص نمرو، مقدار همبستگی 701/0 می‌باشد که نشان دهنده‌ی نزدیکی بیشتر آن با شاخص بار آلودگی بود. نتایج شاخص بهبود یافته وزنی نشان داد که فلزات سنگین روی، سرب، کادمیوم و آرسنیک با منشأ انسان‌زاد و در نتیجه‌ فعالیت‌های صنعتی مجتمع سرب و روی زنجان نشان می‌دهد. در حالی که فلزات سنگین باریم، وانادیوم، تالیوم، مولیبدن، کبالت، مس، نیکل و آنتیموان دارای منشأ زمین زاد می‌باشند.
نتیجه‌گیری: نتایج نشان داد که شاخص بهبود یافته وزنی با شاخص‌های قبلی تطابق خوبی داشته و می‌توان در محدوده‌های وسیع بکار برده شود. همچنین کاستی‌های شاخص‌های قبلی را برطرف نموده و به عنوان یک مدل جدید می‌تواند برای ارزیابی آلودگی خاک و خطر اکولوژیکی خاک مورد استفاده قرار گیرد. از این شاخص می‌توان در جهت شناسایی و تعیین منابع محتمل آلودگی استفاده نمود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

and Comparing it With Aggregate Indices in the Assessment of Heavy Metal Pollution

نویسندگان [English]

  • Zahra Sheikhi Alman Abad 1
  • Hossein Pirkharrati 2
1 PhD in Environmental Geology, Department of Geology, Faculty of Science, Urmia University
2 Associate Professor, Department of Geology, Faculty of Science, Urmia University
چکیده [English]

Background and purpose: Due to the importance of soil quality in life and environment, various evaluation methods have been proposed to describe the effect of pollutants such as heavy metals on soil quality. In this study, we evaluated the quality of the soil around Zanjan lead and zinc complex located in Zanjan city by using the mathematical model of the improved weighted index and compared it with the results of Nemerow indices and pollution load index.
Materials and methods: In this study, the results of 71 soil sampling stations around Zanjan lead and zinc complex, located in the northwest of Iran, by inductively coupled plasma emission spectrometry device for reading the concentration of heavy metals Lead, Zinc, Arsenic, Cadmium, Thallium, Barium, Antimony, Vanadium, Cobalt, Molybdenum, Nickel and Copper were used. Soil acidity was also analyzed. In this approach, during the calculation of the improved weighted index, weights were assigned to different heavy metals using statistical tools, including hierarchical cluster analysis and principal component analysis. The result of the index quantitatively determines the amount of pollution.
Results: Based on the improved weight index, 19.9% of the samples were in moderate pollution and 4.2% of the samples were in severe pollution, and the other samples were without pollution or with little pollution. According to the pollution load index, 5.8% of the samples are in moderate pollution and 2.8% are in severe pollution, and according to the pollution index, 19.9% of the samples are in moderate pollution and 42.2% are in severe pollution. Comparing the correlation of the results obtained from the model with the weighted improved index with the pollution load index, the correlation value is 0.907, and with the Nimro index, the correlation value is 0.701, which indicates that it is closer to the pollution load index. The results of the improved weight index showed that the heavy metals Zinc, Lead, Cadmium and Arsenic are of anthropogenic origin and as a result of the industrial activities of Zanjan lead and zinc complex. While heavy metals Barium, Vanadium, Thallium, Molybdenum, Cobalt, Copper, Nickel and Antimony are of earth origin.
Conclusion: The results showed that the improved weighted index has a good match with the previous indices and can be used in wide ranges. It also overcomes the shortcomings of the previous indicators and can be used as a new model to evaluate soil pollution and soil ecological risk. This index can be used to identify and determine possible sources of pollution.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Keywords: Improved weight index
  • Zanjan
  • heavy metals
  • Nimro index

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مجله مدیریت خاک و تولید پایدار
دوره 13، شماره 1
فروردین 1402
صفحه 27-52

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