ارزیابی تأثیر اجرای طرح صیانت از جنگل‌های زاگرس بر برخی ویژگی‌های خاک

نوع مقاله : مقاله کامل علمی پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 کارشناس ارشد حاصلخیزی و زیست‌فناوری خاک، گروه علوم و مهندسی خاک، دانشگاه رازی، کرمانشاه، ایران.

2 گروه، علوم و مهندسی خاک، دانشگاه رازی، کرمانشاه، ایران

3 استادیار ، گروه مهندسی منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه رازی، کرمانشاه، ایران.

4 دستیار تحقیق، گروه علوم خاک، دانشگاه رازی، کرمانشاه، ایران

چکیده

سابقه و هدف: جنگل‌های زاگرس در تأمین منابع آب زیرزمینی، تهویه مطبوع، حفاظت از خاک و جلوگیری از فرسایش و تأمین زیستگاه حیات‌وحش نقش اساسی دارند. امروزه زیست‌بوم این جنگل‌ها بر اثر بهره‌برداری غیر اصولی و تخریب کاملاً شکننده شده است. این پژوهش در مناطقی از جنگل زاگرس در استان کرمانشاه که تحت اجرای طرح صیانت از جنگل شامل تپه گله و سرخک در شهرستان اسلام‌آباد و قشلاق در شهرستان روانسر بودند، انجام شد. هدف اصلی این پژوهش، ارزیابی اجرای طرح حفاظت از جنگل بر ویژگی‌های خاک بود.

مواد و روش‎ها: برای این منظور نمونه‌های خاک مرکب به روش تصادفی- سیستماتیک از منطقه مذکور و نیز منطقه شاهد مربوطه آن‌ها جمع‌آوری و ویژگی‌های فیزیکی، شیمیایی و زیستی اندازه‌گیری شدند. ویژگی‌های خاک در مناطق تپه گله، سرخک و شاهد به روش تجزیه واریانس یک‌طرفه و ویژگی‌های خاک قشلاق به روش آزمون T بررسی شدند. نمونه‌های خاک برداشت شده از جنگل در محیط آزمایشگاه هوا خشک و از الک 2 میلی‌متری عبور داده شدند. سپس ویژگی‌های فیزیکی و شیمیایی (pH، EC، چگالی ظاهری و کربن آلی) آن‌ها اندازه‌گیری شد. برای اندازه‌گیری ویژگی‌های زیستی نمونه‌برداری خاک با لوازم استریل انجام شد. نمونه‌ها به آزمایشگاه منتقل و در یخچال (در دمای 4 درجه سلسیوس) تا زمان انجام آزمایش‌های زیستی (تنفس خاک، کربن زیست‌توده میکروبی و ضریب متابولیکی) نگهداری شد.

یافته‏ها: نتایج نشان داد که تغییرات آماری معنی‌داری در EC و pH خاک در تمامی مناطق مورد مطالعه مشاهده نشد. مقدار کربن آلی در سرخک به‌طور معنی‌داری بیشتر بود. از میان ویژگی‌های زیستی اندازه‌گیری شده خاک، اختلاف معنی‌داری در تنفس خاک در تمام مناطق مورد مطالعه مشاهده نشد. با این حال، کربن زیست‌توده میکروبی و ضریب متابولیکی خاک در سرخک به‌طور معنی‌داری بیشتر از شاهد و تپه گله بود.
نتیجه‏گیری: یافته‌های این پژوهش نشان داد که طرح حفاظت از جنگل اگر به‌صورت شایسته و کامل در عرصه اجرا و پیاده شود (منطقه سرخک) خواهد توانست برخی از شاخص‌های کیفیت خاک را احیا نماید و امید آن می‌رود که باگذشت زمان و رعایت روش‌های مدیریت حفاظت از جنگل، فرآیند احیای خاک در این اراضی جنگلی تحقق یابد. در بین شاخص‌های مورد بررسی کربن آلی خاک و کربن زیست‌توده میکروبی، ازجمله شاخص‌هایی بودند که به‌خوبی نسبت به اعمال درست و کامل طرح حفاظت از جنگل پاسخ داده و شاهد ارتقای این پارامترها در اراضی تحت مدیریت بودیم. این موضوع تأیید می‌کند که برای پایش چگونگی تأثیر مدیریت‌های اراضی، شاخص‌های زیستی کیفیت خاک از حساسیت بیشتری برخوردار بوده و سریع‌تر به این تغییرات پاسخ می‌دهند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Evaluation of the impact of the implementation of Zagros forest protection plan on some properties of soil

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mohammad Akbari 1
  • Ali Beheshti Ale Agha 2
  • Morteza Pourreza 3
  • Fatemeh Rakhsh 4
1 MSc in Soil Fertility and Biotechnology, Department of Soil Science, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran.
2 Department of Soil Science, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran.
3 Assistant Professor, Department of Natural Resources Engineering, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran.
4 Research Assistant, Department of Soil Science, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Background and Objectives: Zagros forests play an essential role in providing groundwater resources, air conditioning, soil protection and preventing erosion, and providing wildlife habitat. Today, the ecosystem of these forests has become completely fragile due to improper exploitation and destruction. This study was conducted in areas of Zagros forest in Kermanshah province that were included in the implementation of the protection plan, including Sorkhak and Tappeh Goleh in Islamabad and Qeshlaq in Ravansar. The main purpose of this study was to evaluate the implementation of the forest conservation plan on soil properties.

Materials and Methods: For this purpose, composite soil samples were collected by random-systematic method from the mentioned area and their respective control area, and their physical, chemical, and biological properties were measured. Soil characteristics in Tappeh Goleh, Sorkhak and control sites were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance and Qeshlaq soil characteristics were analyzed by T-test. The soil samples collected from the forest were air-dried in the laboratory environment and sieved (2 mm). Then their physical and chemical properties (pH, EC, bulk density, and soil organic carbon content) were measured. Soil samples were collected with sterile equipment and sieved through a 4 mm sieve. Fresh and moist soil was kept at a temperature of 4 °C for soil biological tests (basal soil respiration, metabolic quotient, and microbial biomass carbon).

Results: The results showed that no statistically significant changes in soil EC and pH were observed in all study areas. The amount of organic carbon in Sorkhak was significantly higher. Among the measured biological properties of soil, no significant change was observed in organic carbon mineralization in all study areas. However, microbial biomass carbon and soil metabolic quotient in Sorkhak were significantly higher than those in control and Tappeh Goleh areas.

Conclusion: The results of this study showed that the forest protection plan if properly implemented in the field (Sorkhak area) will be able to revive some soil quality indicators. The provisions of forest protection management and the process of soil regeneration in these forest lands should be investigated. Among the studied indicators, soil organic carbon and microbial biomass carbon were among the indicators that responded well to the correct and complete implementation of the forest protection plan, and we have witnessed the improvement of these parameters in managed lands. This suggests that biological soil quality indicators are more sensitive to responding to land management and respond more quickly to these changes.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Enclosed Area
  • Livestock Grazing
  • Soil Erosion
  • Soil Protection
  • Organic Carbon

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مجله مدیریت خاک و تولید پایدار
دوره 13، شماره 1
فروردین 1402
صفحه 95-111

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