شناسایی و ارزیابی خطر بالقوه بوم شناختی فلزات سنگین در خاک سطحی نورالدین‌آباد شهرستان گرمسار

نوع مقاله : مقاله کامل علمی پژوهشی

نویسنده

کارشناس مسئول نظارت بر مدیریت پسماند، سازمان محیط زیست، سمنان، ایران.

چکیده

چکیده
سابقه و هدف: فلزات سنگین از شایع‌ترین آلاینده‌های خاک هستند که می‌توانند خطرات بالقوه‌ای را برای محیط‌زیست و سلامت انسان به‌دنبال داشته باشند. بنابراین، این مطالعه با هدف شناسایی، تعیین و ارزیابی خطر بالقوه بوم شناختی فلزات در نمونه‌های خاک سطحی محل دفع پسماندهای حاصل از فعالیت واحد‌های تصفیه روغن (نورالدین‌آباد شهرستان گرمسار) در سال 1400 انجام شد.
مواد و روش‌ها: در این پژوهش، پس از مطالعه مقدماتی و بررسی میدانی و با توجه به اینکه منطقه مورد مطالعه نسبتا همگن است و هیچ‌گونه چشمه آلودگی در منطقه نبوده و از سالیان دور در تمام این منطقه پسماند‌های خاک رنگبر و لجن اسیدی تخلیه شده است، از روش نمونه‌برداری تصادفی استفاده شد. نمونه‌های مرکب خاک سطحی از 8 ایستگاه منتخب در محدوده مورد مطالعه و از عمق 15-0 سانتی‌متر جمع‌آوری شد و پس از آماده‌سازی و هضم اسیدی نمونه‌ها در آزمایشگاه، محتوی فلزات کادمیم، سرب، نیکل، آرسنیک، جیوه، سلنیوم، کروم، باریم، وانادیم، آنتیموآن، نقره و بریلیم توسط دستگاه جذب اتمی با کوره گرافیتی Varian مدل GBC AA 932 اندازه گیری شد. به‌منظور برآورد شدت آلودگی از فاکتورآلودگی، درجه آلودگی، درجه آلودگی اصلاح شده، شاخص بار آلودگی، شاخص زمین انباشت و شاخص ریسک اکولوژیک استفاده شد. پردازش آماری داده‌ها نیز با استفاده از نرم‌افزار SPSS انجام شد.
یافته‌ها: میانگین غلظت عناصر کادمیم، سرب، نیکل، آرسنیک، کروم و وانادیم در خاک سطحی منطقه نورالدین به ترتیب mg/Kg69/1، 71/66، 43/28، 64/8، 38/25 و 85/18 به‌دست آمد. همچنین کیفیت خاک سطحی منطقه مورد مطالعه بنابر مقادیر درجه آلودگی از "درجه خیلی بالای آلودگی" در ایستگاه‌های 1 تا 5 تا "درجه فوق العاده بالای آلودگی" در ایستگاه‌های 6 و 7 و بنابر مقادیر شاخص زمین انباشت از "غیر آلوده" تا "آلودگی شدید"متغیر بوده است. همچنین نتایج حاصل از بررسی شاخص آلودگی اصلاح شده نشان داد، وضعیت آلودگی سرب و نیکل در درجه متوسط آلودگی و کادمیم، آرسنیک، کروم و وانادیم در درجه بالای آلودگی قرار دارد. علاوه بر این، با محاسبه فاکتور پتانسیل خطر بوم شناختی (Er)، مشخص شد که کادمیم و آرسنیک مهم‌ترین آلاینده‌های مسئول مخاطرات اکولوژیک بوده و روند تغییرات خطر بالقوه بوم شناختی فلزات منطقه به ترتیب سرب< کروم< نیکل< آرسنیک< کادمیم ارزیابی گردید. از طرفی، با توجه به این که میانگین مقدار شاخص خطر بالقوه بوم شناختی (RI) برابر با 35/314 بود، بنابراین خطر بالقوه بوم شناختی تجمعی فلزات در نمونه‌های خاک مورد مطالعه در دسته "مخاطره بوم شناختی شدید" قرار دارد.
نتیجه‌گیری: مقایسه میانگین محتوی فلزات شناسایی شده در نمونه‌های مورد مطالعه با حدود مجاز استاندارد‌های کیفیت منابع خاک سازمان حفاظت محیط زیست ایران نشان داد که مقدار فلزات سرب و کادمیم بیشتر از حد مجاز و مقدار فلزات نیکل، آرسنیک، کروم و وانادیم کمتر از حد مجاز بوده است. بنابراین با توجه به تجاوز میانگین غلظت تعدادی از ترکیبات شناسایی شده از حد مجاز، به منظور حفظ سلامت محیط و انسان به اعمال اقدامات اصلاحی و پاکسازی خاک بر اساس استانداردهای پاکسازی آلودگی خاک سازمان حفاظت محیط زیست ایران توصیه می‌شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

Identification and ecological risk assessment of heavy metals in the surface soil of Nuruddin abad in Garmsar

نویسنده [English]

  • zahra lotfi
Expert in charge of monitoring waste management, Environmental Organization, Semnan, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Abstract
Background and Objectives: Heavy metals are the common pollutants of soils, which pose a potential threat to the public and particularly children's health. Therefore, this study was conducted to identify, determine and evaluate potential ecological risk of Cd, Pb, Ni, As,Cr and V in surface soil samples of the disposal site of the wastes resulting from the activity of oil refining units (Nuruddin Abad, Garmsar) in 2022.
Materials and methods: In this research, after the preliminary study, field survey and considering the studied area is relatively homogeneous and there is no source of pollution in the area and for many years wastes of colored soil and acid sludge has been discharged in this area, random sampling method was used. Surface soil compound samples were collected from 8 selected stations in the study area from a depth of 0-15 cm and after preparation and acid digestion of the samples in the laboratory, the content of cadmium, lead, nickel, Arsenic, mercury, selenium, chromium, barium, vanadium, antimony, silver and beryllium were measured by atomic absorption device with Varian graphite furnace model GBC AA 932. In order to estimate the intensity of pollution Contamination factor (Cf), Degree of Contamination (Cd), Modified Degree of Contamination (mCd), Pollution Load Index (PLI), Geoaccumulation index (Igeo) and Ecological Risk Index (RI) were computed. Furthermore, all statistical analyses were performed by SPSS software.
Results: Based on the results, the mean content of Cd, Pb, Ni, As,Cr and V in soil specimens was 1.69, 66.71, 28.43, 8.64, 25.38 and 18.85, Respectively. On the other hand, the soil quality of the study area varied between "very high degree of pollution" in stations 1 to 5 to "extremely high degree of pollution" in stations 6 and 7 based on the Degree of Contamination and "non-polluted" to "severely polluted" based on the geo-accumulation index (I-geo) values. Also, the results of the Modified Degree of Contamination showed that Pb and Ni pollution is in the medium degree of pollution and Cd, As,Cr and V pollution is in the high degree of pollution. In addition, by calculating the ecological risk potential factor (Er), it was determined that Cd and As are the most important pollutants responsible for ecological risks, and the trend of changes in the potential ecological risk of metals in the region was evaluated in the order of Pb<Cr<Ni<As Conclusion: Comparison of the average content of the metals identified in the studied samples with the permissible limits of the soil resource quality standards of Iran's Environmental Protection Organization showed that the amount of lead and cadmium metals is more than the permissible limit and the amount of nickel, arsenic, chromium and vanadium was less than the allowed limit. As the mean contents of a number of identified compounds were higher than the permissible limit, applying corrective measures and clean the soil based on the soil pollution cleaning standards of Iran's Environmental Protection Organization is recommended for the environmental and human health aspects.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Geo accumulation index
  • Ecological risk potential
  • Cadmium
  • Arsenic
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