ارزیابی تحمل به شوری برخی گونه‌های قارچ محرک رشد گیاه و معرفی بهترین فرمولاسیون قارچ‌های متحمل به شوری

نوع مقاله : مقاله کامل علمی پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار، مرکز ملی تحقیقات شوری، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، یزد، ایران

2 استادیار، بخش تحقیقات بیولوژی خاک، موسسه تحقیقات خاک و آب، سازمان تحقیقات آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرج، ایران

3 استادیار، مؤسسه تحقیقات ثبت و گواهی بذر و نهال، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرج، ایران

چکیده

سابقه و هدف: قارچ‌های افزایش دهنده رشد گیاهان اغلب برای گیاهان مفید هستند و به روش‌های مختلف باعث سازگاری گیاهان میزبان به عوامل تنش‌زای زنده و غیر زنده از جمله تنش شوری می‌شوند. در این راستا شناسایی و کاربرد قارچ‌های محرک رشد و متحمل به تنش شوری یکی از روش‌های مقابله و سازگاری با شرایط تنش شوری می‌باشد. از طرف دیگر حامل‌های مختلف توانایی متفاوتی در نگهداری جمعیت این قارچ‌ها در حد استاندارد و حفظ کارایی آن‌ها در خود دارند. همچنین شرایط نگهداری بخصوص دما می‌تواند تأثیر زیادی در جمعیت و پایداری آن‌ها داشته باشد. لذا تحقیق حاضر با هدف تهیه فرمولاسیون‌های مناسب قارچ‌های متحمل به شوری به منظور حفظ و پایداری جمعیت ‌آنها در بلندمدت صورت گرفت.

مواد و روش‌ها: با هدف ارزیابی گونه‌های قارچ متحمل به شوری، در پژوهش حاضر، گونه‌های قارچ Chaetomium globosum،Chaetomium interruptum ، Clonostachys rosea، Coniothyrium sp.، Epicoccum nigrum، Serendipita indica، Trichoderma asperellum، Trichoderma atroviride، Trichoderma harzianum، Trichoderma longibrachiatum و Trichoderma reesei با خصوصیات محرک رشدی از کلکسیون بخش بیولوژی و بیوتکنولوژی مؤسسه تحقیقات خاک و آب تهیه و پتانسیل رشد آن‌ها در سطوح مختلف شوری شامل: 045/0، 31/0، 63/0، 04/1، 36/1، 14/2، 04/3، 95/3 و 71/4 درصد کلرید سدیم طی یک طرح کاملاً تصادفی با سه تکرار مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفت. همچنین به منظور بررسی پایداری جمعیت قارچ‌های منتخب، فرمولاسیون‌های مختلف تهیه و طی یک آزمایش فاکتوریل در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی با سه تکرار که فاکتور اول شامل دو گونة قارچ متحمل و فاکتور دوم شامل حامل‌ها (ضایعات فلفل، ورمیکولیت، خاک سنگ، پوکه، پرلیت، خاک اره و کمپوست)، ارزیابی گردید.

یافته‌ها: نتایج نشان داد که گونه‌های T. harzianum، T. atroviride، T. longibrachiatum وT. reesei کمتر تحت تأثیر شوری 045/0 تا 71/4 درصد کلرید سدیم قرار گرفته و در سطوح مختلف شوری کل سطح پتری‌دیش هشت سانتی‌متری را پر کردند. به غیر از جنس تریکودرما، گونه E. nigrum نیز به‌خوبی در سطوح مختلف شوری رشد کرد هر چند که با افزایش شوری، کاهش رشد نشان داد. گونه T. harzianum، تنها گونه‌ای بود که در طول هفت روز توانست در محیط کشت حاوی 14/2 درصد کلرید سدیم کل سطح پتری‌دیش هشت سانتی‌متری را بپوشاند. نتایج فرمولاسیون نشان داد که اثر حامل در هر دو گونه قارچ T. harzianum و E. nigrum معنی‌دار بود و بهترین حامل در نگهداری جمعیت گونه T. harzianum، پس از گذشت شش ماه، در دمای سردخانه حامل‌های ورمیکولیت (CFU/g 109 × 4)، کمپوست (CFU/g 109 × 66/3) و خاک اره (CFU/g 109×3) و در گونة E. nigrum ، حامل کمپوست (CFU/g 108 × 1) و ورمیکولیت (CFU/g 107 × 8) بود.

نتیجه‌گیری: به‌طورکلی نتایج نشان داد که دو گونه T. harzianum و E. nigrum قادر به رشد در محیط کشت‌های حاوی 71/4 درصد کلرید سدیم بودند و بهترین حامل‌ها برای فرمولاسیون این دو قارچ کمپوست و ورمیکولیت بود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Evaluation of salinity tolerance of some plant growth-promoting fungi and introduction of the best formulation for salinity-tolerant fungi

نویسندگان [English]

  • Rostam Yazdani Biouki 1
  • hossein Kari Dolatabad 2
  • Mitra Rahmati 3
1 Assistant Professor, National Salinity Research Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Yazd, Iran
2 Assistant Professor Soil biology department,, Soil and Water Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran
3 Assistant Professor, Seed and Plant Certification and Registration Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Karaj, Iran
چکیده [English]

Background and objectives: Plant growth promoting fungi are often useful for plants and make host plants adapt to living and non-living stressors, including salt stress, in different ways. In this regard, the identification and application of growth-promoting fungi that tolerate salt stress is one of the ways to deal with and adapt to salt stress conditions. On the other hand, different carriers have different ability to maintain the population of these fungi at the standard level and maintain their efficiency. Also, storage conditions, especially temperature, can have a great effect on their population and stability. Therefore, the present research was conducted with the aim of preparing suitable formulations of salt-tolerant fungi in order to preserve and stabilize their population in the long term.
Materials and methods: In the present study, Chaetomium globosum, Chaetomium interruptum, Clonostachys rosea, Coniothyrium sp., Epicoccum nigrum, Serendipita indica, Trichoderma asperellum, Trichoderma atroviride, Trichoderma harzianum, Trichoderma longibrachiatum and Trichoderma reesei with plant growth-promoting properties were obtained from the collection of the Department of Soil Biology and Biotechnology of the Soil and Water Research Institute in order to identify the fungal species tolerant to salinity. Their growth potential at different salinity levels including 0.045, 0.31, 0.63, 1.04, 1.36, 2.14, 3.04, 3.95 and 4.71 percent of sodium chloride
was evaluated in a completely randomized design with three replications. Also, two salt-tolerant fungal species and different carriers (pepper waste, vermiculite, stone powder, pumice, perlite, sawdust, and compost) were used to evaluate the stability of the fungal population in different formulations. The experiment was laid out in a factorial completely randomized design with three replications.
Results: The results showed that T. harzianum, T. atroviride, T. longibrachiatum, and T. reesei were less affected by the salinity of 0.045 to 4.71% sodium chloride and were able to fill the entire surface of the Petri dish (8cm) at different salinity levels. E. nigrum was also able to grow at different salinity levels, although its growth decreased with increasing salinity. T. harzianum was the only species that was able to cover the entire Petri-dish surface in seven days at the culture medium containing 2.14% sodium chloride. The formulation results showed that the carrier effect was significant in both T. harzianum and E. nigrum species. Compost, sawdust, and vermiculite were the best carriers in terms of maintaining the Trichoderma population. The best carriers in maintaining T. harzianum population after six months at cold room temperature was vermiculite (4 × 109 CFU/g), compost (3.66 × 109 CFU/g) and sawdust (3 × 109 CFU/g) and in E. nigrum species was compost (1 × 108 CFU/g) and vermiculite (8 × 107 CFU/g).
Conclusions: In general, the results showed that T. harzianum and E. nigrum species were able to grow in culture media containing 4.71% sodium chloride and the best carriers for the formulation of these two fungi were compost and vermiculite.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Epicoccum
  • Formulation
  • Growth-promoting fungi
  • Salinity stress
  • Trichoderma

مراجع

 1.Mahlooji, M., Seyed Sharifi, R., Razmjoo, J., Sabzalian, M. R., & Sedghi, M. (2018). Effect of salt stress on photosynthesis and physiological parameters of three contrasting barley genotypes. Photosynthetica, 56, 549-556. doi: 10.1007/s11099-017-0699-y.
2.Rani, S., Sharma, M. K., & Kumar, N. (2019). Impact of salinity and zinc application on growth, physiological and yield traits in wheat. Current science, 116 (8), 1324-1330.
3.Andrzejak, R., & Janowska, B. (2022). Trichoderma spp. Improves flowering, quality, and nutritional status of ornamental plants. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 23 (24), 15662. doi.org/10.3390/ijms232415662.
4.Bolton Jr, H., Fredrickson, J. K., & Elliott, L. (1992). Microbial ecology of the rhizosphere. Soil microbial ecology: applications in agricultural and environmental management, 27-63.
5.Fazeli-Nasab, B., Shahraki-Mojahed, L., Piri, R., & Sobhanizadeh, A. (2022). Trichoderma: improving growth and tolerance to biotic and abiotic stresses in plants. In Trends of Applied Microbiology for Sustainable Economy (pp. 525-564). Academic Press. doi.org/ 10.1016/B978-0-323-91595-3.00004-5.
6.Ghosta, Y., Azizi, R., & Poursafar, A. (2020). New species of synnematous fungi for Iran mycobiota. Journal of Plant Research, 33 (4), 997-1013. [In Persian]
7.Dolatabad, H. K., Javan-Nikkhah, M., & Shier, W. T. (2017). Evaluation of antifungal, phosphate solubilisation, and siderophore and chitinase release activities of endophytic fungi from Pistacia vera. Mycological progress,
16, 777-790. doi.org/10.1007/s11557-017-1315-z.
8.Contreras-Cornejo, H. A., Macías-Rodríguez, L., Cortés-Penagos, C., & López-Bucio, J. (2009). Trichoderma virens, a plant beneficial fungus, enhances biomass production and promotes lateral root growth through an auxin-dependent mechanism in Arabidopsis. Plant physiology, 149 (3), 1579-1592. doi.org/ 10.1104/pp.108.130369.
9.Contreras-Cornejo, H. A., Macías-Rodríguez, L., Alfaro-Cuevas, R., & López-Bucio, J. (2014). Trichoderma spp. improve growth of Arabidopsis seedlings under salt stress through enhanced root development, osmolite production, and Na+ elimination through root exudates. Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions,
27 (6), 503-514. doi.org/10.1094/MPMI-09-13-0265-R.
10.Bisht, S., Singh, S., Singh, M., & Sharma, J. G. (2022). Augmentative role of Piriformospora indica fungus and plant growth promoting bacteria in mitigating salinity stress in Trigonella foenum-graecum. Journal of Applied Biology and Biotechnology, 10 (1), 85-94. doi: 10.7324/JABB.2021.100111.
11.Deshmukh, S. D., & Kogel, K. H. (2007). Piriformospora indica protects barley from root rot caused by Fusarium graminearum/Piriformospora indica schützt Gerste vor der von Fusarium graminearum verursachten Wurzelfäule. Journal of Plant Diseases and Protection, 263-268. doi: https://www. jstor .org /stable/43228945.
12.Sabeem, M., Abdul Aziz, M., Mullath, S. K., Brini, F., Rouached, H., & Masmoudi, K. (2022). Enhancing growth and salinity stress tolerance of date palm using Piriformospora indica. Frontiers in Plant Science, 13, 1037273. doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2022.1037273.
13.Serfling, A., Wirsel, S. G., Lind, V., & Deising, H. B. (2007). Performance of the biocontrol fungus Piriformospora indica on wheat under greenhouse and field conditions. Phytopathology,
97 (4), 523-531. doi.org/10.1094/ PHYTO-97-4-0523.
14.Stein, E., Molitor, A., Kogel, K. H., & Waller, F. (2008). Systemic resistance in Arabidopsis conferred by the mycorrhizal fungus Piriformospora indica requires jasmonic acid signaling and the cytoplasmic function of NPR1. Plant and cell physiology, 49 (11), 1747-1751. doi.org/10.1093/pcp/pcn147.
15.Sherameti, I., Shahollari, B., Venus, Y., Altschmied, L., Varma, A., & Oelmuller, R. (2005). The endophytic fungus Piriformospora indica stimulates the expression of nitrate reductase and the starch-degrading enzyme glucan-water dikinase in tobacco and Arabidopsis roots through a homeodomain transcription factor that binds to a conserved motif in their promoters. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 280 (28), 26241-26247. doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M500447200.
16.Waller, F., Achatz, B., Baltruschat, H., Fodor, J., Becker, K., Fischer, M., ... & Kogel, K. H. (2005). The endophytic fungus Piriformospora indica reprograms barley to salt-stress tolerance, disease resistance, and higher yield. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 102 (38), 13386-13391. doi.org/10. 1073/pnas.0504423102.
17.Zhang, S., Gan, Y., & Xu, B. (2019). Mechanisms of the IAA and ACC-deaminase producing strain of Trichoderma longibrachiatum T6 in enhancing wheat seedling tolerance to NaCl stress. BMC plant biology,
19 (1), 1-18. doi: https://doi.org/10. 1186/s12870-018-1618-5.
18.Maliki Ziarati, H. (2017). Investigating the importance of Trichoderma harzianum fungus in biological control with plant pathogenic agents. Journal of Herbalism and Food, 2, 21-25. [In Persian]
19.Gupta, M., & Dohroo, N. P. (2014). Shelf-life study of formulations of fungal and bacterial antagonists as bioinoculants. Agricultural Science Digest- A Research Journal, 34 (4), 281-284.
20.Kari Dolatabad, H., Asadi Rahmani, H., & Rejali, F. (2019). Identification and evaluation of growth promoting and biocontrol properties of isolated endophytic fungi from the leaves and fruits of Pistacia vera. Journal of Sol Biology, 7 (1), 53-71. [In Persian]. doi: 10.22092/SBJ.2019.118973.
21.Khorrami, F., Ghosta, Y., Ojaghi Aghbash, K., Soleymanzade, A., & Forouzan, M. (2018). Efficacy of two Metarhizium anisopliae isolates and nano-fungus Metarhizium anisopliae Fe3O4 against Diamondback moth. Genetic Engineering and Biosafety Journal, 7 (2), 175-187. doi: 20.1001.1. 25885073.1397.7.2.6.7.
22.HJ, L. (1995). Basic methods for counting microorganisms in soil and water. Methods in applied soil microbiology and biochemistry.
23.Poosapati, S., Ravulapalli, P. D., Tippirishetty, N., Vishwanathaswamy, D. K., & Chunduri, S. (2014). Selection of high temperature and salinity tolerant Trichoderma isolates with antagonistic activity against Sclerotium rolfsii. SpringerPlus, 3 (1), 1-11. doi.org/10. 1186/2193-1801-3-641.
24.Ruijter, G. J., Bax, M., Patel, H., Flitter, S. J., van de Vondervoort, P. J., de Vries, R. P., ... & Visser, J. (2003). Mannitol is required for stress tolerance in Aspergillus niger conidiospores. Eukaryotic Cell, 2 (4), 690-698. doi.org/ 10.1128/ec.2.4.690-698.2003.
25.Fillinger, S., Chaveroche, M. K., Van Dijck, P., de Vries, R., Ruijter, G., Thevelein, J., & d’Enfert, C. (2001). Trehalose is required for the acquisition of tolerance to a variety of stresses in the filamentous fungus Aspergillus nidulans. Microbiology, 147 (7), 1851-1862.
26.Singh, V., Keswani, C., Ray, S., Upadhyay, R. S., Singh, D. P., Prabha, R., ... & Singh, H. B. (2019). Isolation and screening of high salinity tolerant Trichoderma spp. with plant growth property and antagonistic activity against various soilborne phytopathogens. Archives of Phytopathology and Plant Protection, 52 (7-8), 667-680. doi.org/ 10.1080/03235408.2019.1648917.
27.Rawat, L., Singh, Y., Shukla, N., & Kumar, J. (2013). Salinity tolerant Trichoderma harzianum reinforces NaCl tolerance and reduces population dynamics of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceri in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) under salt stress conditions. Archives of phytopathology and plant protection, 46 (12), 1442-1467. doi.org/10.1080/ 03235408.2013.769316.
28.Tripathi, S., Das, A., Chandra, A., & Varma, A. (2015). Development of carrier-based formulation of root endophyte Piriformospora indica and its evaluation on Phaseolus vulgaris L. World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology, 31, 337-344.
29.Sarma, M. V. R. K., Kumar, V., Saharan, K., Srivastava, R., Sharma, A. K., Prakash, A., ... & Bisaria, V. S. (2011). Application of inorganic carrier‐based formulations of fluorescent pseudomonads and Piriformospora indica on tomato plants and evaluation of their efficacy. Journal of Applied Microbiology, 111 (2), 456-466. doi.org/ 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2011.05062.x.
30.Fernández-Sandoval, M. T., Ortiz-Garcia, M., Galindo, E., & Serrano-Carreón, L. (2012). Cellular damage during drying and storage of Trichoderma harzianum spores. Process Biochemistry, 47 (2), 186-194. doi.org/ 10.1016/j.procbio.2011.10.006.
مجله مدیریت خاک و تولید پایدار
دوره 14، شماره 3
مهر 1403
صفحه 143-160

فایل ها

هم رسانی

ارجاع به این مقاله

آمار