نوع مقاله : مقاله کامل علمی پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 علوم خاک دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه زنجان
2 استاد علوم خاک دانشگاه زنجان
3 عضو هیات علمی گروه علوم خاک دانشگاه جیرفت
چکیده
کلیدواژهها
موضوعات
عنوان مقاله [English]
نویسندگان [English]
Background and objectives: Although using common chemical fertilizers such as nitrogenous fertilizers improves agricultural production, at the same time, it leads to serious environmental problems and a considerable economic load. The low efficiency of using nitrogen chemical fertilizers increases the production costs of agricultural products and reduces the yield of products. Environmental pollution, the use of chemical fertilizers, especially nitrogen fertilizers, has made the fertilizer production industry progress towards the supply of slow-release fertilizers. Recently, in addition to using biochar as a soil amendment, it has been used to produce biochar-based slow-release fertilizers. The current experiment was conducted to evaluate the behavior of nitrogen release from urea and ammonium nitrate fertilizers based on the biochars of walnut shell residues, grape pruning and wheat stubble in water, different pH and soil.
Materials and methods: To evaluate the effects of nitrogen release from urea and ammonium nitrate fertilizers a factorial experiment with a randomized complete design and three replications was performed in the greenhouse conditions. The experiment treatments included three types of biochar (residues of grape pruning, walnut shell and wheat stubble) at two pyrolysis temperatures of 350 and 650 degrees and nitrogenous fertilizer (20% by weight) from two sources of urea and ammonium nitrate. Ten grams of the prepared fertilizer tablets after being placed in 100 mesh nylon in a container containing 200 ml of distilled water were allowed to let it float for 56 days at room temperature in a container. During the experiment, samples were taken from the solution at 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 28, and 56 days after the start of the experiment, and the cumulative nitrogen concentration was measured and its release percentage was calculated.
Results: The results showed that the effect of temperature and biochar type on density, apparent density, pH and EC of biochar based fertilizer tablets was significant. Nitrogen of biochar-based nitrogenous fertilizers was gradually released in water during the experiment in all biochars, but its release rate was higher at the beginning of the experiment. The rate of nitrogen release during the experiment in biochar-based fertilizer tablets of wheat stubble was lower compared to walnut shell and grape pruning biochars, so that at the end of the experiment, the percentage of nitrogen release in wheat stubble biochar was 8 (7) and 6.6 (5.1) percent lower, respectively, compared to walnut shell biochar and grape pruning residues at 350 (or 650) pyrolysis temperature. The lowest and highest percentage of nitrogen release occurred in pH 2 and pH 6, respectively, at both pyrolysis temperatures of 350 and 650 degrees. Also, the lowest and highest percentage of nitrogen release in soil was observed in wheat stubble biochar and grape pruning residues at both pyrolysis temperatures of 350 and 650 degrees, respectively.
Conclusion: The using a combination of nitrogenous fertilizers such as urea and ammonium nitrate based on biochar and clay in granulated form acts as a slow-release fertilizer, which can be a proper way to promote sustainable agriculture.
کلیدواژهها [English]
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