تأثیر نانو رس، نانو زغال زیستی نی و نانو ذره آهن صفر ظرفیتی بر توزیع شکل‌های شیمیایی نیکل در یک خاک آهکی آلوده

نوع مقاله : مقاله کامل علمی پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانش‌آموخته کارشناسی‌ارشد علوم خاک، دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز، اهواز، ایران.

2 استادیار ، گروه علوم خاک، دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز، اهواز، ایران.

3 دانشیار، گروه علوم خاک، دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز، اهواز، ایران.

4 استاد، گروه علوم خاک، دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز، اهواز، ایران.

چکیده

سابقه و هدف: آلودگی خاک به فلزات سنگین به ویژه در اثر فعالیتهای انسانی به دلیل اثر سمیت آنها بر سلامت، در چند دهه اخیر به عنوان یک مشکل جدی زیست محیطی محسوب می‌شوند. نیکل (Ni) یک از فلزات سنگین است که امروزه به دلیل توسعه صنایع غلظت آن به طور قابل توجهی افزایش یافته است اخیراً استفاده از نانوذرات برای تثبیت فلزات سنگین خاک مانند نیکل به دلیل ویژگی‌های منحصر به فرد جذب و هزینه کم گسترش یافته است. مطالعه حاضر با هدف بررسی تأثیر نانو ذرات مختلف بر توزیع شکل‌های شیمیایی نیکل در خاک آلوده به نیکل بود.

مواد و روش‌ها:. ابتدا یک نمونه خاک مرکب از لایه سطحی خاک آهکی مزرعه کشاورزی دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه شهیدچمران اهواز تهیه شد، سپس با غلظت 200 میلی گرم بر کیلوگرم نیکل از منبع نیترات نیکل آلوده گردید. آزمایش به صورت فاکتوریل با دو فاکتور نوع نانو ذره (نانورس (مونتموریلونیت)، نانوزغال زیستی نی و نانوآهن صفر ظرفیتی) و سطوح نانوذره (0، 5/0 و 1 درصد وزنی/وزنی) به مدت 90 روز، در سه تکرار و در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی در آزمایشگاه گروه خاکشناسی دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز انجام شد. بعد از پایان دوره انکوباسیون غلظت کل نیکل، نیکل قابل دسترس و شکل‌های شیمیایی نیکل در خاک اندازه‌ گیری شد.

یافته‌ها: کاربرد نانوجاذب‌ها به ویژه نانوزغال زیستی غلظت شکل تبادلی و کربناتی نیکل را در خاک بطور معنی‌دار کاهش و غلظت شکل‌های آلی و باقیمانده نیکل را افزایش دادند. غلظت نیکل تبادلی در تیمارهای نانو آهن صفر ظرفیتی، نانورس و نانوزغال زیستی نی در مقایسه با تیمار شاهد در سطح 1 درصد به‌ترتیب 86/45، 57/50 و 39/54 درصد کاهش یافت. غلظت نیکل پیوند شده با کربنات‌ها و نیکل باقیمانده در نانوزغال زیستی نی در سطح 1 درصد در مقایسه با تیمار شاهد به ترتیب 61/60 و 64/25 درصد کاهش و افزایش یافت. مقدار شاخص پایداری (IR) نیکل در خاک با کاربرد نانوجاذب‌ها در مقایسه با شاهد به طور معنی‌داری (05/0≥ P) افزایش یافت که بیانگر افزایش مقدار نیکل موجود در جزءهای پایدار (بخش‌های متصل به ماده آلی و متصل به اکسیدهای آهن و منگنز) است. همچنین شاخص تحرک نیکل در خاک شاهد بطور معنی‌دار بیشتر از خاک تیمار شده با نانو آهن صفر ظرفیتی، نانورس و نانوزغال زیستی بود که بیانگر کاهش مقدار نیکل متحرک با کاربرد نانو جاذب‌ها در خاک است.

نتیجه‌گیری: کاربرد نانوجاذب‌ها در خاک آلوده موجب کاهش نیکل در بخش‌های تبادلی و کربناتی و افزایش نیکل در بخش-های پیوند خورده با ماده آلی و اکسیدهای آهن و منگنز نسبت به خاک شاهد گردیدند. بطور کلی نتایج این تحقیق نشان داد کاربرد نانوجاذب‌ها بویژه نانوزغال زیستی می‌توانند سبب تثبیت نیکل شوند. افزودن نانوزغال زیستی به خاک‌های آلوده، به دلیل داشتن کربن آلی بالا و سطح ویژه بالا منجر به کاهش تحرّک نیکل در خاک آلوده می‌شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

The effect of nano-clay, common reed nano-biochar, and zero-valent iron nanoparticle on the distribution of nickel chemical forms in a contaminated calcareous soil

نویسندگان [English]

  • Sedigheh Jorfi 1
  • Neda Moradi 2
  • Naeimeh Enayati zamir 3
  • Saeid Hojati 4
1 Department of Soil Science, Faculty of agriculture, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz
2 Assistant Professor, Department of Soil Science, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran.
3 Associate Professor, Department of Soil Science, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran.
4 Professor, Department of Soil Science, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Background and Objectives: Soil contamination with heavy metals, mainly due to human activities, has been considered as a severe environmental problem in recent decades. Nickel (Ni) is one of the heavy metals which its concentration increased through industrial development. Recently, the use of nanoparticles for immobilization of heavy metal such as nickel in soil has gained attention due to their unique sorption properties and cost-effectiveness. Therefore, the aim of this research was to study the effect of different nanoparticles on the distribution of chemical forms of nickel in soil contaminated with nickel.

Materials and Methods: A composite soil sample was taken from the surface layer (0–30 cm depth) of a calcareous soil from the agricultural farms of the College of Agriculture, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran and then it was contaminated with a concentration of 200 mg/kg of nickel from the source of nickel nitrate (Ni(NO3)2.6H2O). A factorial experiment with a completely randomized design was conducted with two factors including nanoparticle types (nano-clay montmorillonite, common reed nano-biochar, and zero-valent iron nanoparticle), and level of their application (0, 0.5, and 1% w/w) for 90 days in three replications under incubation conditions in the laboratory of the Soil Science Department at Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz. The different chemical forms of nickel were also determined utilizing sequential extraction procedure (26).

Results: The results showed that using nanosorbents at both application amounts of 0.5% and 1% caused a significant decrease in available nickel (DTPA-extractable). Applying of nano adsorbents, especially nano biochar, significantly reduced the concentration of exchangeable and carbonate fractions of nickel in the soil and increased the concentration of organic, exchangeable and residual forms of nickel. The concentration of exchangeable fraction of nickel in zero-valent iron nanoparticle, nano clay, and nano biochar treatments decreased by 45.86, 50.50 and 54.39 %, respectively, compared to the control treatment at the 1% application level. The concentration of nickel bonded with carbonates and residual nickel in reed nanobiochar at the level of 1% decreased and increased by 60.61 and 25.64%, respectively, compared to the control treatment. The value of nickel stability index (IR) in the soil increased significantly (P ≥ 0.05) with the application of nanosorbents compared to the control, which indicates an increase in the amount of nickel in the stable fractions (organic matter and Fe & Mn oxides fractions). Also, the nickel mobility factor in the control soil was significantly higher than the soil treated with zero-valent iron nanoparticle, nanoclay and nano biochar, which indicates the decrease in the amount of mobile nickel with the use of nanosorbents in the soil.

Conclusions: The application of nanosorbents in nickel contaminated soil caused a decrease in nickel in exchangeable and carbonate forms and increased forms of bonded Ni with organic matter and iron and manganese oxides compared to the control soil. In general, the results of this research showed that the use of nanosorbents, especially nano biochar, can immobilize nickel in contaminated soil. Using of nano biochar to contaminated soil, due to its high pH, high organic carbon, and high specific surface area, leads to a decrease in the mobility of nickel in contaminated soil.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Mobility factor
  • Nano-biochar
  • Nano-clay
  • Soil pollution
  • Zero-valent iron nanoparticle

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مجله مدیریت خاک و تولید پایدار
دوره 15، شماره 1
فروردین 1404
صفحه 101-121

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