نوع مقاله : مقاله کامل علمی پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 استاد گروه علوم و مهندسی خاک دانشگاه لرستان
2 دانشجوی دکتری علوم ومهندسی خاک ، دانشگاه لرستان
3 استادیار گروه علوم خاک، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه زنجان
4 مرکز تحقیقات ارومیه
5 استادیار پژوهش، بخش تحقیقات خاک و آب، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان کرمانشاه، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج
چکیده
کلیدواژه‌ها
موضوعات
عنوان مقاله [English]
نویسندگان [English]
Background and Purpose:
The challenge of today's environment is to identify the impact of different land uses on soil quality. Soil quality is a measure of the ability of soil to perform three key functions: the production of biological matter, the purification of water and the purification of air. The Soil Quality Index is a tool for expressing soil quality. It is based on the idea that soil quality affects how well it performs these three functions. Different physical, chemical and biological characteristics of soil affect soil quality. These characteristics are used to calculate soil quality. These features are employed in the calculation of the soil quality index using the proposed methods. This study compares two distinct methods of calculating the soil quality index: the Weighted Quality Index (SQIw) and the Numerical Quality Index (NQI) in the Urmia Plain.
Materials and Methods: A total of 100 study points were selected using the Latin hypercube method, and sampling was conducted from a depth of 0 to 25 cm. A total of 14 characteristics affecting soil quality were measured using standard scales. A review of previous research and the use of principal component analysis (PCA) enabled the selection of profiles to be included in the minimum data set (MDS). Among the 14 characteristics studied, nine were selected as the minimum data set (MDS) indexes: electrical conductivity, zinc, iron, respiration, manganese, activated lime, unsaturated hydraulic conductivity, nitrogen and the weighted mean diameter of soil grains.
Findings: The results indicated that pasture, agricultural and garden uses exhibited higher quality values than barren (saline soils) and residential uses. It can be postulated that salinity is an important factor in the degradation of soil quality, and that human intervention, destruction and construction also severely reduce soil quality. Among the studied approaches, the SQIw index, when compared to the NQI index, led to a proper assessment of the effects of land management practices on soil quality. In general, this study demonstrates that the weighted soil quality index provides a reliable estimation of soil quality compared to other methods, and can be employed for arid and semi-arid regions to evaluate the quality of soils.
Conclusion: The characteristics affecting the final index of soil quality in the current study include soil salinity, zinc, manganese, nitrogen, respiration, soil organic carbon and soil active lime. These characteristics determine the fate of soil quality by affecting the final soil index. The drying of Lake Urmia due to climate change, coupled with the increased pressure on underground water resources in the western and southwestern parts of the lake, has resulted in a decline in the quality of soils affected by salt on the lake's edge. The results of the analysis of two soil weight indices and the Nemuro index of soil quality indicate that, in general, the Nemuro index is more rigorous in the final selection of the soil quality class, and the soil quality weight index is more consistent with the current situation. The current constructions and salinity in this part of the studied area have led to a decrease in the soil quality index and created critical conditions for the soil
کلیدواژه‌ها [English]
)