اثرات متقابل دیاتومیت و کود دامی بر خصوصیات کمی و کیفی برگ گیاه سیاهدانه (Nigella sativa L.)

نوع مقاله : مقاله کامل علمی پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانش‌آموخته کارشناسی‌ارشد، اگرواکولوژی، گروه مهندسی تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه بیرجند، بیرجند، ایران.

2 دانشیار، گروه مهندسی تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی / علوم و مهندسی خاک، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه بیرجند، بیرجند، ایران.

3 استاد، گروه مهندسی تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه بیرجند، بیرجند، ایران.

4 دانشیار، گروه مهندسی تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه بیرجند، بیرجند، ایران.

چکیده

سابقه و هدف: دیاتومیت یک ماده معدنی با محتوای سیلیس بالا، تخلخل بیش از 80 درصد و آلایندگی بسیار کم، دوست‌دار محیط زیست است، بنابراین می‌توان از آن برای پایداری خاک استفاده کرد. ترکیب این ماده معدنی (از معادن استان خراسان جنوبی) با کودهای آلی در افزایش کارایی آن‌ها برای ارتقاء رشد و عملکرد گیاهان حائز اهمیت است. یکی از نیازهای مهم در برنامه‌ریزی کشاورزی به-منظور دستیابی به عملکرد بالا و کیفیت مطلوب به‌ویژه در مورد گیاهان دارویی، ارزیابی سیستم‌های مختلف تغذیه گیاهان است. بنابراین با روش صحیح حاصلخیزی خاک و تغذیه گیاه می‌توان با حفظ محیط زیست، کاهش فرسایش و حفظ تنوع زیستی، کارایی نهاده‌ها را افزایش داد. هدف از این تحقیق بررسی اثر کود دامی و دیاتومیت بر خصوصیات رشدی، فیزیولوژیکی و عناصر غذایی برگ گیاه دارویی سیاهدانه بود.
مواد و روش‌ها: به‌منظور بررسی تأثیر کود دامی و دیاتومیت بر خصوصیات کمی و کیفی برگ گیاه سیاهدانه آزمایشی به‌صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح بلوک کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در گلخانه‎ی تحقیقاتی دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه بیرجند انجام شد. فاکتورهای آزمایش شامل کود دامی در سه سطح (صفر، 30 و 60 تن در هکتار) و مصرف دیاتومیت در چهار سطح (صفر، 4، 8 و 16 تن در هکتار) بود. شاخص‌های اندازه‌گیری شده شامل ویژگی‌های رویشی (ارتفاع بوته (سانتی‌متر)، قطر ساقه (میلی‌متر)، وزن خشک گیاه (گرم)، سطح برگ (سانتی‌متر مربع)) و ویژگی‌های فیزیولوژیک (میزان سبزینگی، محتوای نسبی آب (درصد) و نشت الکترولیت (درصد)) و عناصر (فسفر (درصد)، پتاسیم (درصد) و آهن (میلی‌گرم در گرم وزن خشک)) بودند. در نهایت، داده‌ها با استفاده از برنامه SAS مورد تجزیه و تحلیل آماری قرار گرفت و مقایسه میانگین‌ها با آزمون LSD در سطح احتمال 5 درصد انجام شد.
یافته‌ها: نتایج تجزیه واریانس نشان داد که اثر مصرف کود دامی و دیاتومیت بر صفات رویشی، فیزیولوژیکی و عناصر غذایی برگ سیاهدانه معنی‌دار بود. نتایج اثر متقابل تیمارها نشان داد بیش‌ترین ارتفاع بوته (1/57 سانتی‌متر)، قطر ساقه (94/2 میلی‌متر)، وزن خشک بوته (32/4 گرم) و سطح برگ (9/3 سانتی‌متر مربع) از کاربرد هم‌زمان 60 تن در هکتار کود دامی و 16 تن در هکتار دیاتومیت حاصل شد. بیش‌ترین میزان سبزینگی و محتوای نسبی آب و کم‌ترین نشت الکترولیت مربوط به مصرف توأم 60 تن در هکتار کود دامی و 16 تن در هکتار دیاتومیت بود. هم‌چنین در خصوص عناصر غذایی مشاهده شد که حداکثر میزان فسفر، پتاسیم و آهن برگ در نتیجه کاربرد همزمان 60 تن در هکتار کود دامی و 16 تن در هکتار دیاتومیت به‌دست آمد.
نتیجه‌گیری: با توجه به نتایج به‌دست آمده از این آزمایش می‎توان توصیه کرد که کاربرد کود دامی همراه با دیاتومیت می‎تواند بر بهبود خصوصیات فیزیکی و شیمیایی خاک اثر مثبت داشته و باعث افزایش جذب عناصر غذایی و در نتیجه، بهبود رشد گیاه شود که این می‎تواند باعث کاهش دور آبیاری، کاهش هزینه‎ها و حفظ پایداری کشاورزی و سلامت خاک گردد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

The Interactive effects of diatomite and manure on quantitative and qualitative characteristics of the leaves of Nigella sativa L.

نویسندگان [English]

  • Amin Jamaliyan 1
  • Mohammad Hassan Sayyari Zahan 2
  • Majid Jami Al-Ahmadi 3
  • Soheil Parsa 4
1 M.Sc. Graduate in Agroecology, Dept. of Plant Production and Genetics, College of Agriculture, University of Birjand, Birjand, Iran.
2 Corresponding Author, Associate Prof., Dept. of Plant Production and Genetics / Soil Science and Engineering, College of Agriculture, University of Birjand, Birjand, Iran.
3 Professor, Dept. of Plant Production and Genetics, College of Agriculture, University of Birjand, Birjand, Iran.
4 Associate Prof., Dept. of Plant Production and Genetics, College of Agriculture, University of Birjand, Birjand, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Background and Objectives: Diatomite is a mineral with high silicon content, porosity of more than 80% and very low pollution, it is environmentally friendly, so it can be used for soil stability. The combination of this mineral from the mines of South Khorasan with organic fertilizers is important in increasing their efficiency to improve the growth and performance of crops. One of the important needs in agricultural planning in order to achieve high yield and optimal quality, especially in the case of medicinal plants, is the evaluation of different plant nutrition systems. So, with the correct method of soil fertility and plant nutrition, it is possible to increase the efficiency of inputs while preserving the environment, reducing erosion and preserving biodiversity. The purpose of this research was to investigate the effect of manure and diatomaceous earth on the growth, physiological characteristics and nutrients of the leaves of black seed medicinal plant.
Materials and Methods: This experiment was conducted in order to investigate the effect of manure and diatomite on characteristics of growth, physiological and elements of the leaves of black seed in the greenhouse of a factorial arrangement based on randomized complete block design with three replications. Treatments were three levels of manure (0, 30 and 60 t/ha) and four levels of diatomite (0, 4, 8 and 16 t.ha-1). The measured indices including vegetative characteristics (plant height (cm), stem diameter (mm), dry weight plant (g) leaf, area (cm2)) and physiologic characteristics (SPAD, relative water content (%) and electrolyte leakage (%)) and element (p (%), k (%) and iron (mg.kg-1 dry weight)). Finally, the experimental data were statistically analyzed using SAS program and comparison of means was performed by LSD test at 5% probability level.
Results: The results of analysis of variance showed that the effect use of manure and diatomite was significant on vegetative, physiological traits and nutrients of black seed. The results of the interaction effect of the treatments showed that the highest plant height (57.1 cm), stem diameter (2.94 mm), plant dry weight (4.32 g) and leaf area (3.9 cm2) from The simultaneous application of 60 t.ha -1 of animal manure and 16 t.ha -1 of diatomite was achieved. The highest level of SPAD and relative water content and the least electrolyte leakage were related to the treatment of the combined use of 60 t.ha -1 of animal manure and 16 t.ha -1 of diatomite. It was also observed that the maximum amount of phosphorus, potassium and iron of the leaves was obtained as a result of the simultaneous application of 60 t.ha -1 of animal manure and 16 t.ha -1 of diatomite.
Conclusion: According to the results obtained from this experiment, it can be recommended that the application of animal manure with diatomite can have a positive effect on improving the physical and chemical properties of the soil and increase the uptake of nutrients and consequently improve plant growth. This can reduce the irrigation frequency and costs and resulted to maintain agricultural sustainability and soil health.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Plant Height
  • SPAD
  • Phosphorus
  • Electrolyte Leakage
  • Nitrogen
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