بررسی تأثیر مصرف توأم کودهای آلی و شیمیایی در شاخص مدیریت کربن آلی خاک در گیاه ذرت علوفه‌ای

نوع مقاله : مقاله کامل علمی پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد، گروه علوم خاک، دانشگاه صنعتی شاهرود، شاهرود، ایران

2 دانشیار، گروه آب و خاک، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه صنعتی شاهرود، شاهرود، ایران

3 استادیار ، پژوهش گروه علوم خاک، موسسه تحقیقات خاک و آب، سازمان تحقیقات آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرج، ایران

چکیده

چکیده
سابقه و هدف : کربن آلی کل خاک شاخصی از کیفیت خاک بشمار می آید. این شاخص بهﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮات ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳﺖ ﺧﺎک ﺑﻪﻛﻨﺪی ﭘﺎﺳﺦ ﻣﻲدﻫﺪ، ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ اﺟﺰاء ناپایدارتر کربن آلی خاک ﻣﻤﻜﻦ اﺳﺖ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺗﺸﺨﻴﺺ ﺑﻬﺘﺮ اﺛﺮ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮات ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳﺖ کودی ﺑﺮ ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺖ خاک باشد. یکی از اجزاء کربن آلی که برای این منظور استفاده می شود ، کربن فعال یا ناپایدار می باشد. دو خاک با میزان کربن آلی مشابه دارای مقادیر مختلف کربن فعال هستند. اندوخته‌ کربن آلی و تغییرات آن مستقیماً بر کیفیت و حاصلخیزی خاک تأثیر دارد و به عنوان شاخص کیفیت خاک مطرح می‌باشد.. هدف این مطالعه بررسی اثر مدیریت تلفیقی کودها بر شاخص مدیریت کربن آلی کل خاک بود.
روش تحقیق: این پژوهش در قالب طرح پایه بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با نه تیمار در سه تکرار و در دو عمق 15 – 0 و 30 - 15 سانتی متری در مزرعه تحقیقاتی مؤسسه تحقیقات خاک و آب، سال زراعی 1400- 1399 اجرا گردید.
در هر ایستگاه در مزرعه آزمایشی مورد نظر 9 تیمار در سه تکرار در قالب طرح بلوک کامل تصادفی اعمال شد که در آزمایش کربن نمونه برداری از دو عمق در نه تیمار زیر انجام شد.. تیمارهای آزمایش :
1T) (NP)
2T) (T0)
3T) (TNPK)
4T) (T(M20+N75+PK50))
5T) (T(C20+N75+PK50))
6T) (T(M20+N75))
7T) (T(C20+N75))
8T) (T(M10+M10))
9T) (T(C10+C10+MF)
عملیات کاشت ، داشت و برداشت و نمونه‌برداری از دو عمق خاک بر اساس اصول صحیح فنی انجام شد. اندازه‌گیری شاخص‌های مورد نظر کربن از جمله کربن کل و فعال بر روی نمونه‌ها در آزمایشگاه بر اساس روش‌های آزمایشگاهی مورد تأیید اندازه‌گیری شد. نتایج حاصل با نرم‌افزار آماری SAS تجزیه و تحلیل شد.
یافته‌ها : مقایسه میانگین تیمارهای مختلف در کاشت گیاه ذرت در عمق صفر تا 15 سانتیمتر تیمار هفتم نسبت به شاهد از نظر؛ کربن آلی کل خاک، شاخص کربن آلی کل خاک و شاخص مدیریت کربن خاک، تفاوت معنی‌داری در سطح آماری پنج درصد داشت. میزان ا این شاخص‌‌ها نسبت به شاهد، به ترتیب؛ 98/68، 11/68 و30/102 درصد افزایش داشت که متأثر از مصرف کودهای آلی و شیمیایی به صورت تلفیقی بوده است. وهمچنین تیمار چهار (کاربرد 20 تن کود گاوی هر دو سال یک‌بار+ کاربرد 75 درصد مقدار نیتروژن توصیه شده + کاربرد 50 درصد مقدار فسفر و پتاسیم توصیه شده )نسبت به شاهد به میزان 76/12 درصد افزایش کربن آلی فعال، نشان می دهد که باز هم در تیمار چهارم ناشی از مصرف توأم کودهای آلی و شیمیایی می باشد.
نتیجه‌گیری : نتایج این پژوهش نشان داد که؛ در بازه زمانی آزمایش کاربرد کودهای شیمیایی و آلی به تنهایی تأثیر معنی‌داری بر کربن آلی کل خاک و شاخص مدیریت کربن نداشت، در حالیکه کاربرد توأم کودهای آلی و شیمیایی بیشترین تأثیر مثبت را بر افزایش شاخص مدیریت کربن آلی خاک داشت. با توجه به برتری وتأثیر مثبت تیمار هفتم، بر روی شاخص‌ مدیریت کربن و شاخص کربن آلی خاک و همچنین تأثیر مثبت روی افزایش عملکرد محصول؛ کلزا ، ذرت و گندم، پیشنهاد می‌شود در برنامه‌ی تغذیه محصولات مورد مطالعه، همراه با کود‌های شیمیایی نسبت به مدیریت کود‌های آلی حداقل به میزان 10 تا20 تن در هکتار(کمپوست زباله شهری +75 درصد مقدار نیتروزن توصیه شده) در هر سال یا یک سال در میان در عمق 15-0 خاک (سطحی) اقدام گردد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Investigation of the effect of combined use of organic carbon management index in corn piants

نویسندگان [English]

  • Tahereh Shirazian 1
  • Hadi Ghorbani 2
  • Hossein safari 3
1 Corresponding author, MSc student, Department of Soil Science, Shahrood University of Technology, Shahrood, Iran.
2 Associate Prof., Dept. of Soil and Water, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahrood University of Technology, Shahrood, Iran
3 3. Assistant Prof., Dept. of Soil Science, Soil and Water Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Karaj, Iran
چکیده [English]

Abstract
Background and purpose: Total soil organic carbon is an indicator of soil quality. This index responds to changes in soil management slowly, studying the more unstable components of soil organic carbon may lead to a better diagnosis of the effect of changes in fertilizer management on soil quality. One of the components of organic carbon used for this purpose is activated or unstable carbon. Two soils with the same amount of organic carbon have different amounts of active carbon. The organic carbon stock and its changes have a direct effect on soil quality and fertility and is considered as an indicator of soil quality.
Research method: This research was carried out in the form of a basic design of randomized complete blocks with nine treatments in three replications and at two depths of 0-15 and 15-30 cm in the research farm of the Soil and Water Research Institute, crop year 1399-1400.
In each station in the desired experimental farm, 9 treatments were applied in three replications in the form of a randomized complete block design, and in the carbon experiment, sampling from two depths was carried out in the following nine treatments. Test treatments:
1T) (NP)
2T) (T0)
3T) (TNPK)
4T) (T(M20+N75+PK50))
5T) (T(C20+N75+PK50))
6T) (T(M20+N75))
7T) (T(C20+N75))
8T) (T(M10+M10))
9T) (T(C10+C10+MF)
The operation of planting, harvesting and sampling from two soil depths was carried out based on correct technical principles. Measurement of desired carbon indicators, including total and active carbon, were measured on the samples in the laboratory based on approved laboratory methods. The results were analyzed with SAS statistical software.
Findings: Comparison of the average of different treatments in planting corn plants at a depth of 0 to 15 cm in the seventh treatment compared to the control; Total soil organic carbon, total soil organic carbon index and soil carbon management index had a significant difference at the statistical level of five percent. The level of these indicators compared to the witness, respectively; There was an increase of 68.98, 68.11 and 102.30 percent, which was affected by the combined use of organic and chemical fertilizers. Also, the fourth treatment (application of 20 tons of cow manure once every two years + application of 75% of the recommended amount of nitrogen + application of 50% of the recommended amount of phosphorus and potassium) shows an increase of active organic carbon by 12.76% compared to the control. Again, in the fourth treatment, it is caused by the combined use of organic and chemical fertilizers.
Conclusion: The results of this research showed that; In the test period, the use of chemical and organic fertilizers alone had no significant effect on the total soil organic carbon and carbon management index, while the combined use of organic and chemical fertilizers had the most positive effect on increasing the soil organic carbon management index. Considering the superiority and positive effect of the seventh treatment, on the carbon management index and soil organic carbon index, as well as the positive effect on increasing crop yield; Rapeseed, corn and wheat, it is suggested in the nutrition program of the studied crops, along with chemical fertilizers, compared to the management of organic fertilizers, at least 10 to 20 tons per hectare (municipal waste compost + 75% of the recommended amount of nitrogen). done) every year or every other year at a depth of 0-15 soil (surface).

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • carbon management index
  • total soil organic carbon
  • unstable carbon
  • integrated management of fertilizers

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مجله مدیریت خاک و تولید پایدار
دوره 15، شماره 4
فروردین 1405
صفحه 113-132

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