نوع مقاله : مقاله کامل علمی پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 استادیار ، بخش تحقیقات مدیریت منابع، مؤسسه تحقیقات کشاورزی دیم کشور، سازمان تحقیقات آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، مراغه، ایران.
2 استادیار، بخش تحقیقات مدیریت منابع، مؤسسه تحقیقات کشاورزی دیم کشور، سازمان تحقیقات آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، مراغه، ایران.
3 بخش تحقیقات مدیریت منابع، مؤسسه تحقیقات کشاورزی دیم کشور، سازمان تحقیقات آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، مراغه، ایران.
4 سازمان جهاد کشاورزی استان آذربایجان شرقی، مراغه، ایران
چکیده
کلیدواژه‌ها
موضوعات
عنوان مقاله [English]
نویسندگان [English]
Extended abstract
Background and Objectives: Calcareous soils face numerous limitations, including high pH and reduced nutrient solubility, leading to decreased plant availability of essential nutrients and reduced agricultural productivity. An effective strategy to improve these soil properties is the use of sulfur as an acidifying amendment. This study aimed to investigate the effects of different sulfur levels on enhancing soil chemical properties and promoting plant growth in soils with varying calcium carbonate contents.
Materials and Methods: A factorial experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with three replications under greenhouse conditions. Experimental treatments included four calcareous soil types (containing 39%, 34%, 14%, and 8% calcium carbonate) and four elemental sulfur levels (0, 300, 600, and 900 mg kg-1 soil) inoculated with Thiobacillus bacteria (equivalent to 2% of applied sulfur weight). Sixty days after sowing 10 wheat plants (Sardari cultivar) in pots containing 3 kg of soil, plant growth parameters and soil chemical properties were measured in each pot.
Results: The findings revealed that soil type had a significant effect (p≤0.01) on all studied soil properties and plant growth indices. Application of elemental sulfur significantly affected (p≤0.01) calcium carbonate content, pH, EC, and available phosphorus in soil, as well as plant height, shoot dry weight, and root-to-shoot ratio. However, its effect on available potassium was significant at p≤0.05. Increasing sulfur levels reduced calcium carbonate content in all four soil types, though the magnitude of reduction varied among soils. Sulfur application also decreased pH and increased EC in all soils, although the pH reduction in soils 1 and 2 was not statistically significant. Available potassium showed an increasing trend in all soils, but this increase was not significant in soils 1 and 2. Regarding plant growth parameters, both shoot dry weight and plant height increased up to 600 mg kg-1 sulfur application, then decreased at 900 mg kg-1. Regression analysis determined the optimal sulfur application rate for maximum yield in calcareous soils to be between 230-475 mg kg-1 soil (equivalent to 600-1235 kg ha-1).
Conclusion: The response of both soil and plants to sulfur application depends on soil type and the amount of sulfur applied, with optimal sulfur application potentially improving plant growth in calcareous soils. However, higher calcium carbonate content in soil does not necessarily require greater sulfur application. Rather, for all calcareous soils (with varying calcium carbonate percentages), applying sulfur within a specific optimal range can effectively enhance soil properties and plant performance.
کلیدواژه‌ها [English]
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