تاثیر باکتری های حل کننده فسفر بر جذب فسفر و برخی ویژگی های گندم

نوع مقاله : مقاله کامل علمی پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار گروه خاکشناسی دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز

2 دانشیار گروه خاکشناسی دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز

3 دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد گروه خاکشناسی دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز

چکیده

چکیده
سابقه و هدف: فسفر در مقایسه با دیگر مواد مغذی ضروری، در بیشتر خاک‌ها دارای تحرک و قابلیت دسترسی کمتر برای گیاهان است. اگر چه فسفر به اشکال آلی و غیر آلی در خاک‌ها فراوان است، اما اغلب عامل مهم یا حتی محدود کننده اصلی برای رشد گیاه است. باکتری‌های حل کننده فسفات دارای توانایی تبدیل فرم نامحلول فسفر به فرم قابل دسترس می‌باشند. استفاده از این باکتری‌ها جذب فسفر توسط گیاه را افزایش می‌دهند. بنابراین این پژوهش با هدف بررسی تأثیر باکتری‌های انحلال ‌کننده فسفر در بهره‌گیری گندم از فسفر خاک انجام شده است.
مواد و روش: مطالعه حاضر با هدف تاثیر باکتری‌های حل کننده فسفر بر جذب فسفر و برخی ویژگی‌های گندم رقم چمران در قالب طرح کاملا تصادفی با آرایش فاکتوریل در گلخانه بررسی شده است. فاکتورهای آزمایش شامل چهار سطح باکتری (شاهد ، مایه‌زنی با انتروباکتر کلوآسه R33، مایه زنی با سودوموناس و مایه زنی با هردو باکتری) و سه سطح کود سوپرفسفات تریپل (صفر، 50 و 100 درصد) بودند. طی دوره آزمایش ویژگی‌هایی مانند ارتفاع گیاه و شاخص کلروفیل اندازه‌گیری شد. در پایان دوره کشت، وزن خشک ریشه و اندام هوایی و غلظت فسفر در ریشه و اندام هوایی اندازه‌گیری شد. مقدار جذب فسفر در ریشه، اندام هوایی و دانه نیز محاسبه شد. همچنین مقدار فسفر قابل جذب در خاک پس از عصاره‌گیری با بی‌کربنات سدیم اندازه‌گیری شد.
نتایج: نتایج نشان داد که اثرمتقابل باکتری و کود بر مقدار pH و فسفر قابل جذب خاک معنی‌دار است(p <0.01). کمترین مقدار pHو بیشترین مقدار فسفر قابل جذب خاک در تیمار دارای مخلوط دو باکتری به همراه100 درصد نیاز کودی فسفر مشاهده شد. پیامد اثرات متقابل باکتری و کود بر شاخص کلروفیل، وزن خشک اندام هوایی و غلظت و جذب فسفر در ریشه، اندام هوایی و دانه در سطح یک درصد و تاثیر ساده باکتری بر ارتفاع، وزن خشک ریشه و عملکرد دانه در سطح یک درصد معنی‌‌دار بود.
نتیجه‌گیری: بیشترین غلظت و جذب فسفر در دانه و عملکرد دانه در تیمار مخلوط دوباکتری و 50 درصد نیاز کودی فسفر به‌دست آمد. نتایج: نتایج نشان داد که اثرمتقابل باکتری و کود بر مقدار pH و فسفر قابل جذب خاک معنی‌دار است(p <0.01). کمترین مقدار pHو بیشترین مقدار فسفر قابل جذب خاک در تیمار دارای مخلوط دو باکتری به همراه100 درصد نیاز کودی فسفر مشاهده شد. پیامد اثرات متقابل باکتری و کود بر شاخص کلروفیل، وزن خشک اندام هوایی و غلظت و جذب فسفر در ریشه، اندام هوایی و دانه در سطح یک درصد و تاثیر ساده باکتری بر ارتفاع، وزن خشک ریشه و عملکرد دانه در سطح یک درصد معنی‌‌دار بود.
نتیجه‌گیری: بیشترین غلظت و جذب فسفر در دانه و عملکرد دانه در تیمار مخلوط دوباکتری و 50 درصد نیاز کودی فسفر به‌دست آمد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Effect of Phosphorus Solubilizing Bacteria on Phosphorus Uptake and Some Properties of Wheat

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mojtaba Norouzi masir 1
  • Naeemeh Enayatzamir 2
  • Akbar Ghadamkhani 3
1 Assistant professor of soil science, Shahid chamran university of Ahvaz
2 Associate Professor Department of Soil Science, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz
3 M.Sc, Department of Soil Science, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz
چکیده [English]

Abstract
Background and Objectives: Phosphorus compared with the other major nutrients, is by far the least mobile and available to plants in most soils. Although phosphorus is abundant in soils in both organic and inorganic forms, it is frequently a major or even the prime limiting factor for plant growth. Phosphate solubilizing bacteria (PSB) has ability to convert insoluble form of phosphorous to an available form. Applications of PSB as inoculants increase the phosphorus uptake by plant. Therefore this study aimed to investigate the effect of phosphorus solubilizing bacteria to utilize soil phosphorus by wheat.
Material and Methods: In the present study aimed to investigate the effect of phosphorus solubilizing bacteria on phosphorus uptake and some characteristics of wheat (Chamran cultivar) were investigated in a completely randomized design with factorial arrangement in greenhouse.Treatments consisted of four levels of bacteria (without inoculation (control), inoculation with Enterobacter cloacae R33, inoculation with Pseudomonas sp, inoculation with both Enterobacter cloacae R33 and Pseudomonas sp) and three levels of CaH4(Po4)2. H2O (0 %, 50 % and 100 % of phosphorus requirement). During the experiment, characteristics such as plant height and chlorophyll index were measured. At the end of cultivation period, dry weight of root and aerial part and also phosphorus concentration in root and aerial part was determined. The amount of phosphorus uptake in root, aerial part and grain was also determined. Also the amount of available phosphorus in the soil was measured after extraction with NaHCO3.
Results: Results showed a significant effect of bacteria and fertilizer interaction on the soil pH and exchangeable phosphorus (P <0.01). The lowest amount of pH and the highest amount of soil exchangeable phosphorus were observed in the treatment containing consortium of bacteria and application of 100 percent of plant phosphorus requirement. The interaction effect of bacteria and fertilizer were significant on chlorophyll index, dry weight aerial part and phosphorus concentration and uptake in root, aerial part and grain (P <0.01). The main effect of bacteria were significant on plant height, dry weight root and grain yield, (P <0.01).
Conclusion: The Maximum phosphorus concentration and its uptake of grain and grain yield were obtained under treatment of bacteria consortium and 50 percent of plant phosphorus requirement.
Key words: Bacteria, Phosphorus, Chemical Fertilizer, Wheat.

Results: Results showed a significant effect of bacteria and fertilizer interaction on the soil pH and exchangeable phosphorus (P <0.01). The lowest amount of pH and the highest amount of soil exchangeable phosphorus were observed in the treatment containing consortium of bacteria and application of 100 percent of plant phosphorus requirement. The interaction effect of bacteria and fertilizer were significant on chlorophyll index, dry weight aerial part and phosphorus concentration and uptake in root, aerial part and grain (P <0.01). The main effect of bacteria were significant on plant height, dry weight root and grain yield, (P <0.01).
Conclusion: The Maximum phosphorus concentration and its uptake of grain and grain yield were obtained under treatment of bacteria consortium and 50 percent of plant phosphorus requirement.
Key words: Bacteria, Phosphorus, Chemical Fertilizer, Wheat.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Bacteria
  • Phosphorus
  • Chemical Fertilizer
  • Wheat

مراجع

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مجله مدیریت خاک و تولید پایدار
دوره 8، شماره 4
اسفند 1397
صفحه 111-125

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