تأثیر کاربرد متیل جاسمونات بر کارایی همزیستی Rhizophagus intraradices در گیاه یونجه تحت تنش کم آبی

نوع مقاله : مقاله کامل علمی پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار گروه مهندسی علوم خاک، دانشگاه زنجان

2 دانش آموخته کارشناسی ارشد گروه مهندسی علوم خاک، دانشگاه زنجان

3 استادیار گروه زیستشناسی، دانشگاه زنجان،

4 استادیار گروه مهندسی علوم خاک، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان

چکیده

سابقه و هدف: همزیستی میکوریز آربوسکولار تحمل گیاه به کم‌آبی را افزایش می‌دهد. متیل جاسمونات (MeJA) هورمونی گیاهی مرتبط با فرآیندهای متعدد رشد و توسعه گیاه است که به نظر می‌رسد نقش مهمی در برهمکنش میکوریزی ایفا می‌کند. تنظیم هورمونی و رابطه همزیستی مزایایی را برای گیاه جهت غلبه بر شرایط تنشی فراهم می‌آورد. هدف از این مطالعه ارزیابی تأثیر کاربرد MeJA و همزیستی میکوریزی بر برخی ویژگی‌های رشدی و بیوشمیایی گیاه یونجه تحت تنش کم‌آبی بود.
مواد و روش‌ها: آزمایشی فاکتوریل با سه فاکتور شامل (1) گیاهان تلقیح شده با قارچ میکوریزی (AM)Rhizophagus intraradices و یا تلقیح نشده (NM)، (2) تیمار شده با سطوح صفر و 50 میکرومولار MeJA و (3) سطوح رطوبتی خاک شامل رطوبت ظرفیت زراعی (FC) و 55 درصد FC اجرا شد. نیمی از گیاهان AM و NM، 30 روز پس از رشد توسط اسپری برگی MeJA تیمار شدند و نیمی دیگر به عنوان تیمار بدون کاربرد متیل جاسمونات در نظر گرفته شدند. یک هفته پس از اعمال تیمار MeJA تنش کم‌آبی به مدت چهار هفته اعمال شد. پس از برداشت درصد کلنیزاسیون ریشه‌ها، وزن خشک اندام‌هوایی و ریشه، محتوای کلروفیل کل و کاروتنوئیدها، قندهای محلول، پرولین، نیتروژن و فسفر در گیاه یونجه مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفت.
یافته‌ها: کاربرد تیمار MeJA سبب افزایش معنی‌دار کلروفیل کل در گیاهان AM و NM به ترتیب به میزان 6/76% و 6/106% تحت رطوبت FC گردید ولی تحت تنش کم‌آبی فقط منجر به افزایش معنی‌دار کلروفیل کل در گیاهان NM به میزان 4/116% شد. تنش کم-آبی اثر معنی‌داری بر محتوای کاروتنوئیدها نداشت. نتایج بدست آمده حاکی از هم‌افزایی کاربرد توأم قارچ AM و تیمار MeJA در رطوبت FC بر محتوای کاروتنوئیدها بود. همچنین گیاهان AM تحت تنش کم‌آبی بطور معنی‌داری محتوای کلروفیل کل و کاروتنوئیدها بیشتری در مقایسه با گیاهان NM نشان دادند. وزن خشک بخش هوایی و ریشه‌های گیاهان AM تحت هردو سطح رطوبتی و کاربرد یا عدم کاربرد MeJA بطور معنی‌داری بیشتر از گیاهان NM بود. همچنین کاربرد MeJA سبب تقویت اثر مثبت کلنیزاسیون قارچی بر وزن خشک بخش هوایی و ریشه‌ها در هر دو سطح رطوبتی گردید. وزن خشک بخش هوایی و ریشه‌ها تحت تنش کم‌آبی و کاربرد توأم قارچ و MeJA به ترتیب 4/3 و 8/2 برابر نسبت به گیاهان NM افزایش یافت. وابستگی رشدی میکوریزی تحت تنش کم‌آبی در مقایسه با شرایط بدون تنش 9/86% افزایش یافت ولی کاربرد MeJA تحت تنش کم‌آبی سبب کاهش معنی‌دار این پارامتر گردید. کاربرد MeJA و تنش کم‌آبی اثر معنی‌داری بر درصد کلنیزاسیون ریشه نشان ندادند در حالیکه سبب افزایش معنی‌دار تولید پرولین و قندهای محلول تحت تنش کم‌آبی گردیدند. تیمار MeJAو تلقیح میکوریزی اثر هم‌افزایی در افزایش تجمع پرولین گیاهان تحت تنش داشت و منجر به افزایش معنی‌دار محتوای پرولین به ترتیب به میزان 3/77% و 2/62% در بخش هوایی و ریشه در مقایسه با گیاهان NM تحت تنش کم‌آبی گردید. همچنین کاربرد MeJA سبب افزایش معنی‌دار جذب عناصر نیتروژن و فسفر و نسبت قندهای محلول ریشه به بخش هوایی به ترتیب به میزان 8/77%، 3/64% و 1/35% در گیاهان AM تحت رطوبت FC شد.
نتیجه‌گیری: کاربرد MeJA موجب تغییر معنی‌دار در تخصیص کربوهیدرات‌ها به ریشه‌ها در گیاهان میکوریزی گردید و همچنین کاربرد این هورمون گیاهی تحت شرایط تنش کم‌آبی وابستگی رشدی میکوریزی گیاهان تلقیح شده را کاهش داد. تیمار MeJA و همزیستی میکوریزی پاسخ گیاه یونجه به تنش کم‌آبی را بهبود داد و اثر مثبت تعاملی بین استفاده از فیتوهورمون MeJA و قارچ میکوریزی وجود داشت که موجب کاهش اختلال رشد در شرایط کم‌آبی با تغییر در ویژگی‌های فیزیولوژیکی و بیوشیمیایی گیاه میزبان گردید.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

The effect of methyl jasmonate application on Rhizophagus intraradices symbiosis efficiency in alfalfa plant under water deficit stress

نویسندگان [English]

  • Setareh Amanifar 1
  • Zeynab Hajiloo 2
  • Elaheh Vatankhah 3
  • Elham Malekzadeh 4
1 Dept. of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zanjan, Zanjan , Iran
2 Dept. of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zanjan, Zanjan , Iran
3 Dept. of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zanjan, Zanjan , Iran
4 Dept. of Soil Science, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences & Natural Resources
چکیده [English]

Background and objectives: The arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis enhances plant tolerance to water deficit. Methyl jasmonate (MeJA) is a phytohormone related to multiple developmental and growth processes, which might play an important role in the mycorrhizal interaction. Hormonal regulation and the symbiotic relationship provide benefits for plants to overcome stress conditions. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of MeJA application and mycorrhizal symbiosis on some growth and biochemical properties of alfalfa plant under water deficit stress.
Materials and methods: A combined factorial design was performed with three factors: (1) plants non-inoculated (NM) or inoculated with the mycorrhizal fungus Rhizophagus intraradices (AM) (2) untreated plants and plants treated with 50 μm MeJA, and (3) soil moisture levels including field soil capacity (FC) and 55% FC. Half of the plants received a MeJA treatment through foliar spray 30 days after growth and the other half of the plants were considered as not- MeJA treated. Water deficit treatment was applied one week after hormone applying for four weeks. After harvest, root colonization percentage, dry weight of shoots and roots, total chlorophyll and carotenoids contents, soluble sugars and proline contents, as well as P and N contents, were assessed.
Results: MeJA application significantly increased total chlorophyll content of AM and NM plants at FC moisture by 76.6% and 106.6%, respectively. MeJA caused a significant increase only in chlorophyll content of NM plants under water deficit stress by 116.4%. Water deficit stress had no significant effect on carotenoids content. Obtained results indicated synergistic effect of the co-treatment of mycorrhiza and MeJA on carotenoids content at FC moisture. In addition, the content of total chlorophyll and carotenoids significantly were higher under water deficit stress in AM plants than NM plants. Dry weights of shoot and root of AM plants under all soil moisture and MeJA treatments were significantly higher than NM plants. Moreover, the application of MeJA augmented the positive effect of mycorrhizal colonization on shoot and root dry weights under both moisture levels. Shoot and root dry weights under water deficit stress and co-treatment of mycorrhiza and MeJA increased 3.4 and 2.8-folds, respectively, compared to NM plants. Mycorrhizal growth dependency (MGD) was increased by 86.9% under water deficit stress condition compared with the non-stressed condition. However, MGD was decreased significantly by MeJA application in stressed-plants. MeJA application and water deficit stress did not exhibit a significant effect on mycorrhizal colonization rate while they increased proline and soluble sugar production. Co-treatment of mycorrhiza and MeJA had a significant synergistic effect on proline accumulation in shoots and roots of stressed plants by 77.3% and 62.2% respectively compared with stressed NM plants. Furthermore, MeJA application caused a significant increase in N and P contents, and root to shoot ratio of soluble sugars of AM plants by 77.8%, 64.3% and 35.1% respectively at FC moisture level.
Conclusion: MeJA application induced a significant change in carbohydrate allocation to roots in mycorrhizal plants and also decreased MGD of stressed plants. MeJA treatment and mycorrhizal symbiosis improved plant response to water deficit stress, and there was an interactive positive effect between MeJA and mycorrhizal fungi which alleviated growth impairment under water deficit conditions by modifying the physiological and biochemical properties of the host plant.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Osmolyte
  • Proline
  • Carotenoids
  • Nitrogen
  • Phytohormone

مراجع

1.Abdelgawad, Z., Khalafaallah, A.A., and Abdallah, M. 2014. Impact of methyl jasmonate on antioxidant activity and some biochemical aspects of maize plant grown under water stress condition. Agricultural Sciences. 5: 12. 1077-1088.
2.Anjum, S., Wang, L., Farooq, M., Khan, I., and Xue, L. 2011. Methyl jasmonate‐induced alteration in lipid peroxidation, antioxidative defence system and yield in soybean under drought. J. Agron. Crop Sci. 197: 4. 296-301.
3.Armada, E., López-Castillo, O., Roldán, A., and Azcón, R. 2016. Potential of mycorrhizal inocula to improve growth, nutrition and enzymatic activities in Retama sphaerocarpa compared with chemical fertilization under drought conditions. J. Soil Sci. Plant Nutr. 16: 2. 380-399
4.Asensio, D., Rapparini, F., and Peñuelas, J. 2012. AM fungi root colonization increases the production of essential isoprenoids vs. nonessential isoprenoids especially under drought stress conditions or after jasmonic acid application. Phytochemistry. 77: 149-161.
5.Augé, R.M. 2001. Water relations, drought and vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis. Mycorrhiza. 11: 1. 3-42.
6.Augé, R.M. 2004. Arbuscular mycorrhizae and soil/plant water relations. Can. J. Soil Sci. 84: 4. 373-381.
 7.Azcón, R., and Barea, J.M. 2010. Mycorrhizosphere interactions for legume improvement. P 237-271, In: M.S. Khanf, A. Zaidi, and J. Musarrat (eds.), Microbes for legume improvement, Springer, Vienna.
8.Azcón, R., Gomez, M., and Tobar, R. 1996. Physiological and nutritional responses by Lactuca sativa L. to nitrogen sources and mycorrhizal fungi under drought conditions. Biology and Fertility of Soils. 22: 1-2. 156-161.
9.Babst, B.A., Ferrieri, R.A., Gray, D.W., Lerdau, M., Schlyer, D.J., Schueller, M., Thorpe, M.R., and Orians, C.M. 2005. Jasmonic acid induces rapid changes in carbon transport and partitioning in Populus. New Phytologist. 167: 1. 63-72.
10.Baslam, M., and Goicoechea, N. 2012. Water deficit improved the capacity of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF)
for inducing the accumulation of antioxidant compounds in lettuce leaves. Mycorrhiza. 22: 5. 347-359.
11.Bates, L., Waldren, R., and Teare, I. 1973. Rapid determination of free proline for water-stress studies. Plant and Soil. 39: 1. 205-207.
12.Bouché, N., Fait, A., Bouchez, D., Møller, S.G., and Fromm, H. 2003. Mitochondrial succinic-semialdehyde dehydrogenase of the γ-aminobutyrate shunt is required to restrict levels of reactive oxygen intermediates in plants. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 100: 11. 6843-6848.
13.Chang, C.C., Locy, R., Smeda, R., Sahi, S., and Singh, N. 1997. Photoautotrophic tobacco cells adapted to grow at high salinity. Plant Cell Reports. 16: 7. 495-502.
14.Douds, D.D., Pfeffer, P.E., and Shachar-Hill, Y., Carbon partitioning, cost. and metabolism of arbuscular mycorrhizas.
P 107-130, In: Y. Kapulnikand and D.D. Douds (eds.), Arbuscular Mycorrhizas: Physiology and Function, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht.
15.Fan, Q.J., and Liu, J.H. 2011. Colonization with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus affects growth, drought tolerance and expression of stress-responsive genes in Poncirus trifoliata. Acta Physiologiae Plantarum. 33: 4. 1533-1542.
16.Feng, G., Zhang, F., Li, X., Tian, C., Tang, C., and Rengel, Z. 2002. Improved tolerance of maize plants to salt stress by arbuscular mycorrhiza is related to higher accumulation of soluble sugars in roots. Mycorrhiza. 12: 4. 185-190.
17.Fugate, K.K., Lafta, A.M., Eide, J.D., Li, G., Lulai, E.C., Olson, L.L., Deckard, E.L., Khan, M.F., and Finger, F.L. 2018. Methyl jasmonate alleviates drought stress in young sugar beet
(Beta vulgaris L.) plants. J. Agron. Crop Sci. 204: 6. 566-576.
18.García-Valenzuela, X., García-Moya, E., Rascón-Cruz, Q., Herrera-Estrella, L., and Aguado-Santacruz, G.A. 2005. Chlorophyll accumulation is enhanced by osmotic stress in graminaceous chlorophyllic cells. J. Plant Physiol.
162: 6. 650-661.
19.García, A.N., Árias, S.d.P.B., Morte, A., and Sánchez-Blanco, M.J. 2011. Effects of nursery preconditioning through mycorrhizal inoculation and drought in Arbutus unedo L. plants. Mycorrhiza. 21: 1. 53-64.
20.Gill, S.S., and Tuteja, N. 2010. Reactive oxygen species and antioxidant machinery in abiotic stress tolerance in crop plants. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry. 48: 12. 909-930.
21.Giovannetti, M., and Mosse, B. 1980. An evaluation of techniques for measuring vesicular arbuscular mycorrhizal infection in roots. New Phytologist. 84: 3. 489-500.
22.Goicoechea, N., Antolin, M., and Sánchez‐Díaz, M. 1997. Gas exchange is related to the hormone balance in mycorrhizal or nitrogen‐fixing alfalfa subjected to drought. Physiologia Plantarum. 100: 4. 989-997.
23.Herrera-Medina, M.J., Tamayo, M.I., Vierheilig, H., Ocampo, J.A., and García-Garrido, J.M. 2008. The jasmonic acid signalling pathway restricts the development of the arbuscular mycorrhizal association in tomato. J. Plant Growth Regul.
27: 3. 221-230.
24.Herrera‐Medina, M.J., Steinkellner, S., Vierheilig, H., Bote, J.A.O., and Garrido, J.M.G. 2007. Abscisic acid determines arbuscule development and functionality in the tomato arbuscular mycorrhiza. New Phytologist. 175: 3. 554-564.
25.Khalloufi, M., Martínez-Andújar, C., Lachaâl, M., Karray-Bouraoui, N., Pérez-Alfocea, F., and Albacete, A. 2017. The interaction between foliar GA3 application and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi inoculation improves growth in salinized tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) plants by modifying the hormonal balance. J. Plant Physiol. 214: 134-144.
26.Klute, A. 1986. Water retention: Laboratory methods. P 635-686, In: A. Klute (ed.). Methods of Soil Analysis. Part 1. Physical and Mineralogical Methods. 2nd edition. Agronomy Monograph. 9. American Society of Agronomy and Soil Science Society of America, Madison, Wisconsin.
27.Kohler, J., Hernández, J.A., Caravaca, F., and Roldán, A. 2009. Induction of antioxidant enzymes is involved in the greater effectiveness of a PGPR versus AM fungi with respect to increasing the tolerance of lettuce to severe salt stress. Environmental and Experimental Botany. 65: 2-3. 245-252.
28.Lichtenthaler, H.K., and Buschmann, C. 2001. Chlorophylls and carotenoids: measurement and characterization by UV-VIS spectroscopy. P 431-438, In: R.E., Wrolstad,  T.E. Acree, H. An, E.A. Decker, M.H. Penner, D.S. Reid, S.J. Schwartz, C.F. Shoemaker and P. Sporns (eds.), Current Protocols in Food Analytical Chemistry. Chapter F4. Chlorophylls, John Wiley and Sons, New York, NY, USA.
29.Luvaha, E., Netondo, G., and Ouma, G. 2008. Effect of water deficit on the physiological and morphological characteristics of mango (Mangifera indica) rootstock seedlings. Amer. J. Plant Physiol. 3: 1. 1-15.
30.Mahajan, S., and Tuteja, N. 2005. Cold, salinity and drought stresses: an overview. Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics. 444: 2. 139-158.
31.Mathur, N., and Vyas, A. 2000. Influence of arbuscular mycorrhizae on biomass production, nutrient uptake and physiological changes in Ziziphus mauritiana Lam. under water stress. Journal of Arid Environments. 45: 3. 191-195.
32.Park, S., and Ahn, Y.J. 2016. Multi-walled carbon nanotubes and silver nanoparticles differentially affect seed germination, chlorophyll content and hydrogen peroxide accumulation in carrot (Daucus carota L.). Biocatalysis and Agricultural Biotechnology. 8: 257-262.
33.Phillips, J.M., and Hayman, D. 1970. Improved procedures for clearing roots and staining parasitic and vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi for rapid assessment of infection. Transactions of the British Mycological Society. 55: 1. 158-161.
34.Porcel, R., and Ruiz-Lozano, J.M. 2004. Arbuscular mycorrhizal influence on leaf water potential, solute accumulation and oxidative stress in soybean plants subjected to drought stress. J. Exp. Bot. 55: 1743-1750. 35.Regvar, M., Gogala, N., and Zalar, P. 1996. Effects of jasmonic acid on mycorrhizal Allium sativum. New Phytologist. 134: 4. 703-707.
36.Roe, J.H. 1955. The determination of sugar in blood and spinal fluid with anthrone reagent. J. Biol. Chem. 212: 335-343.
37.Ruiz-Lozano, J., and Azcón, R. 1997. Effect of calcium application on the tolerance of mycorrhizal Lettuce plants to polyethylene glycol. Symbiosis. 23: 1. 9-22.
38.Ruiz-Lozano, J., Azcón, R., and Gomez, M. 1995. Effects of arbuscular-mycorrhizal glomus species on drought tolerance: physiological and nutritional plant responses. Applied and Environmental Microbiology. 61: 2. 456-460.
39.Ruíz-Sánchez, M., Armada, E., Muñoz, Y., de Salamone, I.E.G., Aroca, R., Ruíz-Lozano, J.M., and Azcón, R. 2011. Azospirillum and arbuscular mycorrhizal colonization enhance rice growth and physiological traits under well-watered and drought conditions. J. Plant Physiol. 168: 10. 1031-1037.
40.Said-Al Ahl, H., and Omer, E. 2011. Medicinal and aromatic plants production under salt stress. A review. Herba Polonica. 57: 1. 72-87.
41.Salimi, F., Shekari, F., and Hamzei, J. 2016. Methyl jasmonate improves salinity resistance in German chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla L.) by increasing activity of antioxidant enzymes. Acta Physiologiae Plantarum. 38: 1. 1-14.
42.Sánchez-Romera, B., Ruiz-Lozano, J.M., Zamarreño, Á.M., García-Mina, J.M., and Aroca, R. 2016. Arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis and methyl jasmonate avoid the inhibition of root hydraulic conductivity caused by drought. Mycorrhiza. 26: 2. 111-122.
43.Schütz, M., and Fangmeier, A. 2001. Growth and yield responses of spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv. Minaret) to elevated CO2 and water limitation. Environmental Pollution. 114: 2. 187-194.
44.Smith, S.E., Smith, F.A., and Jakobsen, I. 2003. Mycorrhizal fungi can dominate phosphate supply to plants irrespective of growth responses. J. Plant Physiol. 133: 1. 16-20.
45.Subramanian, K., Charest, C., Dwyer, L., and Hamilton, R. 1997. Effects of arbuscular mycorrhizae on leaf water potential, sugar content and P content during drought and recovery of maize. Can. J. Bot. 75: 9. 1582-1591.
46.Symanczik, S., Lehmann, M.F., Wiemken, A., Boller, T., and Courty, P.E. 2018. Effects of two contrasted arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal isolates on nutrient uptake by Sorghum bicolor under drought. Mycorrhiza. 28: 8. 779-785.
47.Tejeda‐Sartorius, M., Martínez de la Vega, O., and Délano‐Frier, J.P. 2008. Jasmonic acid influences mycorrhizal colonization in tomato plants by modifying the expression of genes involved in carbohydrate partitioning. Physiologia Plantarum. 133: 2. 339-353.
48.Trimble, M.R., and Knowles, N.R. 1995. Influence of vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and phosphorus on growth, carbohydrate partitioning and mineral nutrition of greenhouse cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) plants during establishment. Can. J. Plant Sci. 75: 1. 239-250.
49.Ueda, J., and Saniewski, M. 2006. Methyl jasmonate-induced stimulation of chlorophyll formation in the basal part of tulip bulbs kept under natural light conditions. J. Fruit Ornam. Plant Res. 14: 199-210.
50.Vranová, E., Langebartels, C., Van Montagu, M., Inzé, D., and Van Camp, W. 2000. Oxidative stress, heat shock and drought differentially affect expression of a tobacco protein phosphatase 2C. J. Exp. Bot. 51: 1763-1764.
51.Wasternack, C., and Hause, B. 2013. Jasmonates: biosynthesis, perception, signal transduction and action in plant stress response, growth and development. An update to the 2007 review in Annals of Botany. Annals of Botany. 111: 6. 1021-1058.
52.Wasternack, C., and Parthier, B. 1997. Jasmonate-signalled plant gene expression. Trends in Plant Science. 2: 8. 302-307.
53.Wu, H., Wu, X., Li, Z., Duan, L., and Zhang, M. 2012. Physiological evaluation of drought stress tolerance and recovery in cauliflower (Brassica oleracea L.) seedlings treated with methyl jasmonate and coronatine. J. Plant Growth Regul. 31: 1. 113-123.
54.Yoon, J.Y., Hamayun, M., Lee, S.K., and Lee, I.J. 2009. Methyl jasmonate alleviated salinity stress in soybean. J. Crop Sci. Biotechnol. 12: 2. 63-68.
مجله مدیریت خاک و تولید پایدار
دوره 9، شماره 1
فروردین 1398
صفحه 23-43

فایل ها

هم رسانی

ارجاع به این مقاله

آمار