کاربرد بایوچار حاصل از لجن فاضلاب بر جزء‌بندی مس و روی در حضور کرم خاکی در خاک آلوده آهکی

نوع مقاله : مقاله کامل علمی پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانش آموخته دکتری گروه علوم خاک، دانشگاه بوعلی سینا،

2 دانشیار گروه علوم خاک، دانشگاه بوعلی سینا،

3 دانش آموخته کارشناسی ارشد گروه علوم خاک، دانشگاه شهید باهنر کرمان

چکیده

سابقه و هدف: فعالیت‌های انسانی از جمله استفاده از لجن فاضلاب بعنوان کود باعث تجمع بیش از حد فلزات سنگین در خاک می‌شود. تبدیل لجن فاضلاب به بایوچار یک روش بالقوه برای دفع آن و یک تکنولوژی مقرون به صرفه برای اصلاح خاک‌های آلوده بدلیل کاهش دسترسی زیستی فلزات سنگین شناخته شده است. همچنین بهره‌گیری از روش‌های زیستی مانند استفاده از موجودات خاک‌زی از جمله کرم‌های خاکی، روشی نو و امید‌بخش برای به‌سازی خاک‌های آلوده می‌باشد. مطالعات مختلفی در مورد اثر بایوچار و کرم‌ خاکی بر جزءبندی فلزات سنگین انجام شده است ولی تاکنون در مورد کاربرد توأم بایوچار و کرم‌ خاکی بر جزءبندی مس و روی گزارشی ارایه نشده است. بنابراین پژوهش حاضر با بررسی تاثیر تغییر دمای گرماکافت و میزان کاربرد بایوچار بر جزءبندی فلز مس و روی و جذب این فلزات توسط کرم ‌خاکی دریک خاک آهکی آلوده طبیعی از زمین‌های اطراف معدن سرب و روی آهنگران انجام شد.
مواد و روش ها: آزمایش به صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح کـاملاً تـصادفی با سه تکرار در شـرایط آزمایشگاه گروه علـوم خـاک دانشگاه بوعلی سینا همدان انجام شد. تیمار کرم ‌خاکی گونه‌ی ایزینیا فتیدا (Eisenia fetida) در دو سطح (با و بدون کرم ‌خاکی) و بایوچار تولید شده از لجن فاضلاب در دو دمای 300 و 600 درجه سلسیوس در سطح (0 و دو، چهار و هشت درصد وزنی) به خاک آهکی آلوده اضافه گردید. در ظرف‌های مربوط به تیمار کرم خاکی 12 عدد کرم خاکی به هر ظرف وارد شد و ظرف‌ها در یک محفظه اقلیمی با 16 ساعت نور و هشت ساعت تاریکی در دمای 25 درجه سلسیوس به مدت 42 روز نگه‌داری شدند. اندازه گیری اجزاء فلزات مس و روی خاک از روش عصاره‌گیری پی‌‌در‌پی استفاده شد. تحلیل آماری داده‌ها با استفاده از نرم افزارهای SPSS وMSTATC و مقایسه میانگین‌ها با آزمون چند دامنه‌ای دانکن در سطح احتمال پنج درصد انجام شد.
یافته‌ها: مطابق با نتایج تجزیه واریانس، فعالیت کرم‌ خاکی در خاک تیمار شده با بایوچار تولید شده در دمای 300 درجه سلسیوس تاثیر معنی‌داری بر میزان فلز مس و روی در بخش تبادلی نداشت. درحالیکه در خاک تیمار شده با بایوچار تولید شده در دمای 600 درجه سلسیوس موجب کاهش میزان مس و روی بخش تبادلی و افزایش میزان مس و روی در بخش باقیمانده گردید. افزایش میزان کاربرد بایوچار موجب کاهش معنی‌دار میزان مس و روی در بخش تبادلی گردید؛ بطوریکه این کاهش در بایوچار تولید شده در دمای 600 درجه سلسیوس بیشتر مشهود بود. بنابراین فعالیت کرم‌ خاکی در سطح هشت درصد بایوچار تولید شده در دمای 600 درجه سلسیوس موجب کاهش میزان مس بخش تبادلی از 331/0 به 256/0 میلی‌گرم بر کیلوگرم نسبت به تیمار عدم حضور کرم‌ خاکی گردید. میزان روی تبادلی از 24/1 میلی‌گرم بر کیلوگرم در تیمار شاهد به 579/0 و 283/0 میلی‌گرم بر کیلوگرم به ترتیب در تیمار هشت درصد بایوچار تولید شده در دماهای 300 و 600 درجه سلسیوس کاهش یافت. بدلیل تحرک کم فلزات در خاک‌های تیمار شده با بایوچار، غلظت فلزات مس و روی در بدن کرم خاکی کاهش یافته و این روند در بایوچار تولید شده در دمای 600 درجه سلسیوس نسبت به بایوچار تولید شده در دمای 300 درجه سلسیوس در بخش تبادلی بیشتر بود. بنابراین فعالیت کرم‌های خاکی در خاک‌های تیمار شده با بایوچار می‌تواند موجب تغییر جزءبندی فلزات سنگین و درنتیجه تغییرشکل آنها از بخش‌هایی با تحرک بیشتر به بخش‌هایی با کم‌تحرک تر گردد.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Application of biochar derived Sewage Sludge on fractionation of Copper and Zinc in the presence of earthworms in calcareous contaminated soils

نویسندگان [English]

  • fatereh karimi 1
  • ghasem rahimi 2
  • abolfazl khademi 3
1 Ph.D. Student, Department of Soil Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan
2 Associate Professor,Department of Soil Science, College of Agriculture, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan
3 Master's degree in Soil Science, Shahid Bahonar University, kerman
چکیده [English]

Background and Objectives: Human activities, including the use of sewage sludge as fertilizer, cause excessive accumulation of heavy metals in the soil. The conversion of sewage sludge to biochar is a potential way its disposal and is a cost-effective technology for the remediation of soils contaminated with heavy metals and the environment due to the reduction of bioavailability of heavy metals. Also, using biological methods such as the use of soil organisms, including earthworms, is a new and promising way to improve contaminated soils. Several studies have been done about the effects of biochar and earthworms on fractionation of heavy metal at the world, but a report has not yet been presented about the effect of integrated application of biochar and earthworms on fractionation of copper and zinc elements. Therefore, the present study was carried out to investigate the effect of pyrolysis temperature change and application rate of biochar on the Copper (Cu) and Zinc (Zn) fractions and their uptake by E. fetida earthworms in a contaminated calcareous soil from the area surrounding the old Ahangaran lead-zinc mine.
Materials and Methods: The experiment was carried out as a factorial experiment based on completely randomized design with three replications under environmental conditions of the laboratory of Soil Sciences Department of Bu-Ali Sina University in Hamedan. Experimental factors included earthworms Eisenia fetida species in 2 levels (with and without earthworms) and biochar produced from sewage sludge at two different temperatures of 300 and 600 ° C in 4 levels (0, 2, 4 and 8%) were added to contaminated calcareous soil. 12 earthworms were introduced into each container, and the containers were stored in a climatic chamber with 16 hours of light and 8 hours of darkness at 25 ° C for 42 days. The method of sequential extraction was used to investigate the fractionation of Cu and Zn. Statistical analysis of the data using SPSS and MSTATC software and means comparison was performed by the Duncan test at 5% probability level.
Conclusion: According to the results of the analysis, activity of the earthworm in the soil treated with biochar produced at 300 °C had no significant effect on the amount of copper and zinc in the exchangeable fraction. While reduced the amount of Cu and Zn in the exchangeable fraction and increased the amount of Cu and Zn in the residual fraction of the soil treated with biochar produced at a temperature of 600 °C. Increasing the application rate of biochar significantly reduced the amount of copper and zinc in the exchange sector, as this decrease was evident in the biohazard produced at a temperature of 600 °C. So, the activity of the earthworm at a level of 8% biochar produced at a temperature of 600 °C resulted in a decrease of the amount of exchangeable copper from 0.391 to 0.256 in comparison to the absence of earthworms. The concentration of exchangeable zinc decreased from 242.1 mgkg-1 in control treatment to 0.579 and 0.283 mgkg-1 in 8% biochar produced at 300 and 600 ° C treatments, respectively. Due to low motility of heavy metals in soils treated with biochar, the concentration of Cu and Zn in the body of the earthworm has decreased and this trend was higher in the biochar produced at 600 ° C compared to the biochar produced at 300 ° C . Therefore, heavy metals fractionation could be changed as a result of the activity of earthworms in soils treated with biochar, this trend indicates that the distribution of the metals in biochar-amended soil is gradually shifting from the more labile fractions to the more stable fraction.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Earthworm
  • Pyrolysis
  • Sewage sludge
  • Heavy metals
  • Temperature
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