اثر ورمی‌کمپوست غنی‌شده با باکتری‌های حل‌کننده فسفات بر فراهمی فسفر، pH و شاخص‌های زیستی در یک خاک آهکی

نوع مقاله : مقاله کامل علمی پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانش آموخته کارشناسی ارشد گروه علوم خاک، دانشگاه تهران،

2 استاد گروه علوم خاک، دانشگاه تهران،

3 استادیار گروه علوم خاک، دانشگاه تهران،

4 استاد گروه علوم باغبانی، دانشگاه تهران

چکیده

سابقه و هدف: کمبود فسفریکی از مشکلات عمده خاک‌های آهکی است. یکی از راه‌های مؤثر و اقتصادی افزایش فراهمی فسفر افزودن کودهای آلی به خاک است. از مطلوب‌ترین مواد آلی و کودهای زیستی موجود، کود ورمی‌کمپوست را می‌توان نام برد اما مصرف زیاد ورمی‌کمپوست برای رسیدن به عملکرد مطلوب و همچنین دارا بودن فسفات‌های نامحلول آلی از محدودیت‌های کاربرد ورمی‌کمپوست می‌باشند. یکی از راه‌هایی که محدودیت‌های فوق را تعدیل می‌بخشد و اثربخشی ورمی‌کمپوست را افزایش می‌دهد، غنی‌سازی آن با باکتری‌های محرک رشد گیاه به‌ویژه با باکتری‌های حل‌کننده فسفات می‌باشد.
مواد و روش‌ها: نمونه ورمی‌کمپوست در مرکز تحقیقات ورمی‌کمپوست دانشگاه تهران تهیه شد. تعداد 18 جدایه که دارای توان انحلال فسفات‌های نامحلول معدنی و آلی بودند جداسازی گردید و درنهایت دو جدایه B53 و B22 که دارای توان بالای انحلال فسفات نامحلول بودند خالص‌سازی و شناسایی شد. آزمایش انکوباسیون در قالب طرح اسپیلیت پلات بر مبنای زمان به‌منظور بررسی غنی‌سازی ورمی‌کمپوست با باکتری‌های حل‌کننده فسفات بر افزایش فراهمی فسفر قابل‌دسترس، pH و شاخص های زیستی شامل: تنفس میکروبی، فعالیت آنزیم های فسفاتاز قلیایی و دهیدروژناز، در گلدان‌های حاوی 4 کیلوگرم خاک با 5 تیمار شامل T1: ورمی‌کمپوست (6%) + (B53)؛ T2: ورمی‌کمپوست (6%)+ (B22)؛ T3: شاهد مثبت (کود سوپر فسفات تریپل به میزان 50 میلی‌گرم بر کیلوگرم)؛ T4: ورمی‌کمپوست (6%) و T5: شاهد منفی (خاک بدون ورمی‌کمپوست و باکتری) در 3 تکرار طراحی و اجرا گردید و در زمان‌ها شروع انکوباسیون و 30 روز پس از آن، اثر تیمارها بر مقدار فسفر قابل‌دسترس، pH و شاخص‌های زیستی اندازه‌گیری شد.
یافته‌ها: نتایج حاصل از توالی ژنی 16S rRNA نشان دادند که جدایه شماره 22 با 99 درصد شباهت به گونه Serratia marcescens و جدایه شماره 53 با 98 درصد شباهت به گونه Pseudomonas aeruqinosa تعلق دارند. نتایج نشان داد که استفاده از ورمی‌کمپوست غنی‌شده با باکتری‌های حل‌کننده فسفات (T1 و T2) نسبت به تیمار شاهد (T4) سبب افزایش معنی‌دار فسفر قابل‌دسترس (به ترتیب 59 و 100 درصد)، تنفس میکروبی خاک (58 و 61 درصد)، فعالیت آنزیم فسفاتاز قلیایی (34 و 41 درصد)، فعالیت آنزیم دهیدروژناز (103 و 133 درصد) و کاهش pH (70/4 و 40/5 درصد) گردید. با توجه به نتایج نهایی هر دو باکتری توانستند شاخص‌های زیستی و فراهمی فسفر را افزایش دهند.
نتیجه‌گیری: کاربرد ورمی‌کمپوست غنی‌شده با باکتری‌های حل‌کننده فسفات (T1 و T2) سبب افزایش فراهمی فسفر قابل‌دسترس، تنفس میکروبی، فعالیت آنزیم فسفاتاز قلیایی، فعالیت آنزیم دهیدروژناز و کاهش pH خاک شد این در حالی است که تیمار غنی‌شده با باکتری Serratia marcescens (T2) توانایی بیشتری در افزایش فراهمی فسفر و شاخص‌های زیستی داشت. نتایج نشان داد که غنی‌سازی ورمی‌کمپوست با باکتری حل‌کننده فسفات می‌تواند جایگزین مناسبی برای کاهش مصرف کودهای شیمیایی فسفات و به‌عنوان یک استراتژی مناسب در مدیریت بهتر ورمی‌کمپوست در خاک‌های آهکی در آینده باشد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

The effect of vermicompost enriched with phosphate solubilizing bacteria on phosphorus availability, pH and biological indices in a calcareous soil

نویسندگان [English]

  • faezeh parastesh 1
  • Hoseinali Alikhani 2
  • Hassan Etesami 3
  • Mohammad reza Hasandokht 4
1 Department of Soil Science and Engineering, Faculty of Agricultural Tehran university
2
3 Department of Soil Science, University of Tehran, Iran
4
چکیده [English]

Background and Objectives: The shortage of phosphorus is one of the major problems of calcareous soils. One of the most effective and economical ways to increase phosphorus availability is through the addition of organic fertilizers. Vermicompost is the most desirable organic material and bio fertilizers, but the high usage of vermicompost to achieve optimal performance and the presence of organic insoluble phosphates are limited the use of vermicompost. One of the best way is that enriched vermicompost with plant growth-promoting bacteria, especially phosphate solubilizing bacteria.
Materials and Methods: Vermicompost sample was produced in Vermicompost Research Center of Tehran University. 18 isolates with ability of organic and inorganic phosphate solubilizing were isolated. Finally, two isolates 53 and 22 which had high solubilizing capacity of inorganic and organic insoluble phosphate were purified and identified. An incubation experiment was conducted in the Split plot design based on time to investigate the enrichment of vermicompost with phosphate solubilizing bacteria on available phosphorus, pH, microbial respiration, alkaline phosphatase and dehydrogenase enzyme activity in pots with 4 kg of soil consist of 5 treatments, including T1: vermicompost (6%) + B53; T2: vermicompost (6%) + B22; T3: positive control (Triple superphosphate fertilizer at 50 mg/kg); T4: vermicompost (6%) and T5: negative control (soil without vermicompost and bacteria), in 3 replicates. The treatments were incubated for 30 days and after incubation, the effect of treatments on phosphorus availability, pH and biological indices was measured.
Results: The results of the 16S rRNA gene sequence identified isolate 22 as Serratia marcescens with 99% similarity and isolate 53 as Pseudomonas aeruqinosa with 98% similarity. the use of vermicompost enriched with phosphate solubilizing bacteria (T1 and T2) increased available phosphorus (59.2% and 100%), microbial respiration (58% and 61%), Alkaline phosphatase activity (34 and 41%) and dehydrogenase activity (102.6% and 13.7%) significantly compared to control treatment (T4), but reduced pH (4.7% and 4.4%). According to the results, bacterial enriched treatment Serratia marcescens (T2) was more able to increase phosphorus and biological indices.
Conclusion: The application of vermicompost enriched with phosphate solubilizing bacteria (T1 and T2) cusses increase of the available phosphorus, microbial respiration, alkaline phosphatase enzyme activity and dehydrogenase activity and soil pH reduction. The treatment enriched with Serratia marcescens (T2) had more ability to increasing phosphorus availability and biological index. The results showed that vermicompost enrichment with phosphate solubilizing bacteria can be a suitable alternative for reducing the use of phosphate fertilizers and as a suitable strategy for better vermicompost management in calcareous soils in the future.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Alkaline phosphatase enzyme
  • Dehydrogenase enzyme
  • Serratia marcescens
  • Pseudomonas aeruginosa

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مجله مدیریت خاک و تولید پایدار
دوره 9، شماره 3
آذر 1398
صفحه 25-46

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