تأثیر کاربرد برخی اصلاح کننده های آلی و معدنی بر میزان عناصر پرمصرف و کم مصرف خاک تحت کشت کینوا در شرایط تنش (آبی)

نوع مقاله : مقاله کامل علمی پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری ،گروه علوم خاک، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری

2 استاد، گروه علوم خاک، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری

3 دانشیار، گروه علوم خاک، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری،

4 دانشیار، گروه زراعت، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس

چکیده

تأثیر کاربرد برخی اصلاح‌کننده‌های آلی و معدنی بر میزان عناصر پرمصرف و کم مصرف خاک تحت کشت کینوا در شرایط تنش (آبی)
چکیده
سابقه و هدف: در تنش خشکی، علاوه بر ممانعت جذب آب، فراهمی و جذب عناصر غذایی مختلف نیز محدود می‌شود. تغذیه مناسب خاک از طریق کاربرد اصلاح کننده‌های آلی و معدنی به عنوان یکی از روش‌های مدیریت خاک در شرایط تنش‌های مختلف محیطی شناخته شده که هدف از این پژوهش بررسی و ارزیابی کارایی کاربرد آنها در خاک زیر کشت کینوا است.
مواد و روش‌ها: به منظور بررسی تغییرات غلظت عناصر غذایی (فسفر، پتاسیم، مس، آهن، منگنز و روی) در خاک با کاربرد اصلاح کننده-های آلی و اصلاح کننده‌های معدنی در اثر تنش خشکی، آزمایشی به صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح کاملا تصادفی به صورت گلدانی در نه تیمار و سه تکرار، در مجموع 108 گلدان، در دانشکده علوم کشاورزی دانشگاه تربیت‌ مدرس تهران در سال 1398، اجرا گردید. تیمارها عبارت بودند از: تیمار شاهد، اصلاح‌کننده‌های آلی (بیوچار، کمپوست زباله شهری) هر کدام در دو سطح (4/0 و 8/0درصد) و اصلاح کننده‌های معدنی (بنتونیت و زئولیت) که هر کدام در دو سطح (75/0 و 5/1 درصد) مصرف گردیدند و تنش خشکی نیز در 4 سطح (تخلیه 25 درصد آب قابل استفاده (شاهد)، 40 درصد، 55 درصد و70 درصد (تنش شدید)) به خاک اعمال شد. از خاک مورد آزمایش هر گلدان در سه مرحله، چهاربرگی شدن، گلدهی و برداشت کینوا نمونه‌برداری انجام شد.
یافته‌ها: نتایج نشان داد که کاربرد اصلاح کننده‌های آلی و معدنی در سطوح مختلف خشکی بر میزان فسفر (در مراحل 4 برگی و گلدهی) و پتاسیم (در هر سه مرحله نمونه برداری خاک) و مس (در هر سه مرحله نمونه‌برداری خاک)، آهن و روی قابل جذب در مرحله 4 برگی شدن و گلدهی کینوا معنی‌دار شد. با افزایش سطح خشکی، کاربرد اصلاح‌کننده های آلی و معدنی موجب افزایش عناصر فسفر، پتاسیم، مس، آهن، منگنز و روی خاک در هر سه مرحله نمونه‌برداری شد. در حالیکه غلظت این عناصر در مرحله اول نمونه‌برداری که مربوط به چهار‌برگی شدن کینوا بود از دو مرحله دیگر بیشتر بود.
نتیجه‌گیری: نتایج حاصل از یافته‌ها نشان داد که کاربرد هر چهار اصلاح کننده خاک موجب افزایش غلظت عناصر پر‌مصرف و کم‌‌مصرف خاک نسبت به شاهد در شرایط تنش خشکی شدند اما تیمار 8/0‌درصد کمپوست زباله شهری و سپس 8/0‌درصد بیوچار توانست، مناسب-ترین شرایط تغذیه‌ای را ایجاد نماید. بر اساس یافته‌های این پژوهش، در شرایط تنش خشکی، کاربرد کمپوست زباله شهری و بیوچار در مقایسه با زئولیت و بنتونیت جهت بهبود وضعیت تغذیه ای خاک توصیه می‌شود.

کلمات کلیدی: بیوچار، بنتونیت، تنش‌خشکی، زئولیت و کمپوست .

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

The effect of some organic and mineral amendments on soil macronutrient and micronutrient under Quinoa cultivation in stress status (water)

نویسندگان [English]

  • sepideh rahimi alashti 1
  • Mohammadali Bahmanyar 2
  • Mehdi Ghajarsepanlu 3
  • Fardin Sadegh zade 3
  • Ali mokhtassi 4
1 -
2 عضو هیئت علمی گروه علوم خاک دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری
3 عضوهیات علمی گروه علوم خاک دانشگاه کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری
4 هیات علمی دانشگاه تربیت مدرس
چکیده [English]

The effect of some organic and mineral amendments on soil macronutrient and micronutrient under Quinoa cultivation in stress status )water(

Abstract
Background and Objectives: In drought stress, in addition to inhibiting water uptake, the availability and uptake of various nutrients is also limited. Proper soil nutrition through the use of organic and inorganic modifiers is known as one of the soil management methods under various environmental stresses.the main objective of this research is to test the performance of concurrent application of amendents in field under qinoa.
Materials and Methods:In order to investigate the changes in the concentration of nutrients (phosphorus, potassium, copper, iron, manganese, zinc) in soil by application of organic amendments (rice straw biochar, municipal waste compost) and mineral amendments (bentonite and zeolite) under drought stress, a factorial experiment was conducted based on randomized complete block design with three replications in research greenhouse of faculty of agricultural, University of Tarbiat Modares in 2019. Organic amendments (biochar, compost) in 2 levels (0.4 and 0.8%) and mineral amendments (bentonite and zeolite) in 2 levels (0.75 aand 1.5%) were used and drought stress in 4 levels (discharge of 25 % available water (control), 40%, 55% and 70% (servere stress) was applied to the soil, which was a total of 108 pots. Soil sampling was done in three stages four-leaf stage, flowering and harvesting of quinoa.
Results:The results showed that organic and mineral amendments under different levels of drought affected significantly on the P concentration (in four-leaf stage and flowering stage), K (in each three stages), Cu (in each three stages), Fe in four-leaf stage and available Zn in four-leaf stage and flowering stages of quinoa. With increasing drought levels, Application of organic and mineral amendments increased P, K, Cu, Fe, Mn and Zn in all three sampling stages .While the concentration of these elements in the first stage of sampling (four-leaf stage) was more than others.
Conclusions:
The results showed that the application of four soil amendments increased the concentration of macro and micronutrient compared to control in drought stress status , but municipal waste compost at 0.8% level and then biochar at 0.8% level could provide the most suitable nutritional conditions in loam soil. Therefore, according to the results obtained in this experiment, Based on the findings of this study, in drought stress conditions, the use of municipal waste compost and biochar compared to zeolite and bentonite is recommended to improve soil nutritional status.
Key words: Biochar, Bentonite, Drought Stress, Zeolite, Compost.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Biochar
  • Bentonite
  • Drought Stress
  • Zeolite
  • Compost
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