جداسازی و شناسایی باکتری‌های حل کننده پتاسیم از ریزوسفر گیاهان مختلف منطقه نیشابور و تعیین پتانسیل آنها برای افزایش رشد و نمو ذرت

نوع مقاله : مقاله کامل علمی پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانش آموخته کارشناسی ارشد، گروه علوم خاک، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد،

2 استاد، گروه علوم خاک، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد

3 دانشجوی دکتری ،گروه علوم خاک، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد

چکیده

سابقه و هدف: پتاسیم به همراه نیتروژن و فسفر از عناصر پر نیاز گیاهان است که در فرآیندهای فیزیولوژیکی گیاه نقش بسزایی دارد. بخش زیادی از پتاسیم خاک در ساختمان کانی‌های سیلیکاته از جمله میکاها قرار دارد و غیر قابل دسترس برای گیاه است. استفاده از باکتری‌های حل‌کننده پتاسیم به عنوان کودهای زیستی از روش‌های بیولوژیکی تأمین پتاسیم برای گیاه است. در نتیجه پژوهش حاضر با هدف جداسازی، انتخاب و شناسایی گونه برتر باکتری‌های حل‌کننده پتاسیم و همچنین اثر تلقیح آن بر رهاسازی پتاسیم از کانی بیوتیت و بر عملکرد گیاه ذرت انجام شد.
مواد و روش‌ها: در تحقیق حاضر تعداد 15 جدایه از باکتری‌های ریزوسفری پنج گیاه مختلف (گندم، گوجه فرنگی، یونجه، ذرت و ریحان) جداسازی و خالص‌سازی شدند. تعیین توانایی حل‌کنندگی پتاسیم جدایه‌ها در دو بخش به صورت جداگانه انجام شد. در بخش اول توانایی حل‌کنندگی پتاسیم توسط جدایه‌های باکتریایی در محیط کشت الکساندروف مایع در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی با آرایش فاکتوریل در سه تکرار انجام شد. فاکتورهای آزمایش شامل 15 جدایه باکتری و 3 زمان انکوباسیون (7، 14 و 21 روز) بودند. بخش دوم پژوهش در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی جهت ارزیابی تأثیر جدایه‌های انتخابی باکتری‌های حل‌کننده پتاسیم بر رشد گیاه ذرت رقم سینگل کراس 640 در یک خاک با کلاس بافتی لوم شنی انجام شد. تیمار‌های آزمایش شامل شاهد مثبت (کود سولفات پتاسیم (SK))، شاهد منفی (خاک بدون کود (S))، 2500 میلی‌گرم در کیلوگرم بیوتیت (SM1)، 5000 میلی‌گرم در کیلوگرم بیوتیت (SM2)، جدایه B5 + SM1 (SM1B5)، جدایه B11 + SM1 (SM1B11)، جدایه B13 + SM1 (SM1B13)، جدایه B5 + SM2 (SM2B5)، جدایه B11 + SM2 (SM2B11)، و جدایه B13 + SM2 (SM2B13) بودند. تجزیه و تحلیل داده‌ها با استفاده از نرم‌افزار JMP 8 و مقایسه میانگین داده‌ها با استفاده از آزمون توکی در سطح احتمال 5 درصد انجام شد و نمودارها با نرم افزار اکسل رسم شد.
یافته‌ها: نتایج بخش اول نشان داد که بیشترین آزادسازی پتاسیم (4/16 میلی‌گرم در لیتر) و کمترین pH (04/3) مربوط به جدایه B11 پس از 21 روز انکوباسیون مشاهده شد. نتایج بخش دوم نشان داد که بیشترین غلظت پتاسیم توسط اندام هوایی (81/2 درصد) و ریشه (956/0 درصد) به ترتیب در تیمار کود سولفات پتاسیم (شاهد مثبت) و SM2B11 ملاحظه شد. ارتفاع، شاخص سبزینگی و وزن خشک ریشه گیاه در تیمارهای دارای جدایه‌های انتخابی نسبت به شاهد بیشتر بود. بر اساس نتایج حاصله جدایه B11 به عنوان جدایه برتر انتخاب شد. در نهایت جدایه برتر با استفاده از تعیین ردیف بازهای آلی ژن 16SrRNA شناسایی و 37/99 درصد با باکتری Paenibacillus stellifer شباهت داشت.
نتیجه‌گیری: این پژوهش نشان داد که باکتری‌های حل‌کننده پتاسیم توانایی آزادسازی پتاسیم از کانی بیوتیت را در دو بخش آزمایشگاهی و گلخانه‌ای دارند. در هر دو مطالعه انجام شده جدایه B11 (Paenibacillus stellifer) بیشترین تأثیر را در آزادسازی پتاسیم معدنی از کانی بیوتیت داشته است. بنابراین کاربرد آن به عنوان کود زیستی می‌تواند مدنظر قرار گیرد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Isolation and identification of potassium-solubilizing bacteria from the rhizosphere of different plants of the Neishabur region and determine their potential for increasing corn growth and development

نویسندگان [English]

  • Azam Mohammadzadeh 1
  • Amir Lakzian 2
  • Alireza Karimi 2
  • Seyed Sajjad Hosseini 3
1 Department of soil science, Faculty of agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
2 Department of soil science, Faculty of agriculture, Ferdowsi university of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
3 Department of soil science, Ferdowsi university of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
چکیده [English]

Background and Objectives: Potassium, such as nitrogen and phosphorus, is a macronutrient that plays an important role in plant growth. Large amounts of potassium in the soils comes from the silicate minerals such as phyllosilicate minerals. Potassium in the structure of silicate minerals is not available for plants. Inoculation of potassium solubilizing bacteria as biofertilizers is one of the most important biological approaches to provide potassium for plants. The study aimed to isolate, select, and identify the most efficient potassium solubilizing bacteria and their effect on the availability of potassium in a soil amended with biotite.
Materials and Methods: In the present study, 15 isolates of bacteria from rhizosphere of five different plants (wheat, tomato, alfalfa, corn and basil) were isolated and purified. The determination of potassium solubility of isolates was performed in two separate parts. In the first part, the solubility of potassium by bacterial isolates in liquid Alexandrove culture medium was performed in a completely randomized design with the factorial arrangement in three replications. Experimental factors included 15 bacterial isolates and 3 incubation times (7, 14 and 21 days). The second part of the study was conducted in a completely randomized design to evaluate the effect of selective isolates of potassium-solubilizing bacteria on the growth of single cross cultivar 640 maize in a soil with sandy loam texture class. Experimental treatments included positive control (potassium sulfate fertilizer (SK)), negative control (soil without fertilizer (S)), 2500 mg/kg biotite (SM1), 5000 mg/kg biotite (SM2), B5 isolate + SM1 (SM1B5), B11 isolate + SM1 (SM1B11), B13 isolate + SM1 (SM1B13), B5 isolate + SM2 (SM2B5), B11 isolate + SM2 (SM2B11), and B13 isolate + SM2 (SM2B13). Data analysis was performed using JMP 8 software and the comparison of means was performed using the Tukey test at a probability level of 5% and graphs were drawn with Excel software.
Results: The results of the first part showed that the highest potassium content (16.4 mg / l) and the lowest pH (3.04) belonged to B11 isolates after 21 days of incubation. The results of the second part showed that The highest potassium concentration of shoot (2.81%) and root (0.956%) was observed in potassium sulfate fertilizer treatment (SK) and SM2B11 treatments, respectively. Plant height, green index, and dry weight were higher in the bacterial treatments compare to the negative control. Based on this, the B11 isolate was selected as the superior isolate. Finally, the superior isolate was identified using 16SrRNA gene sequencing and 99.37% was similar to Paenibacillus stellifer.
Conclusion: This study showed that potassium solubilizing bacteria can release potassium from the mineral biotite in both laboratory and greenhouse. In both experiments, B11 (Paenibacillus stellifer) isolate had the greatest effect on the release of mineral potassium from the mineral biotite. Therefore, its use as a biofertilizer is recommended.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Silicate minerals
  • Biological fertilizers
  • Corn

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مجله مدیریت خاک و تولید پایدار
دوره 11، شماره 2
شهریور 1400
صفحه 49-69

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