بررسی تأثیر کاربرد کود اوره و زهاب مزرعه نیشکر بر برخی خصوصیات خاک، عملکرد دانه و غلظت عناصر غذایی در بذر گیاه کینوا

نوع مقاله : مقاله کامل علمی پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانش آموخته دکتری گروه علوم خاک، دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز،

2 دانشیار گروه علوم خاک، دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز،

3 استاد گروه علوم خاک، دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز،

4 دانشیار گروه زراعت، دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز

چکیده

چکیده
سابقه و هدف: یکی از راه‌های استفاده و بهره‌برداری از آب و اراضی شور استفاده از گونه‌های متحمل به شوری مانند گیاه کینوا است .مدیریت عناصر غذایی مانند نیتروژن در خاک‌های شور می‌تواند اثرات منفی شوری بر رشد و عملکرد گیاهان را کاهش دهد. هدف از این مطالعه بررسی تأثیر سطوح مختلف کود اوره در شرایط آبیاری با زه‌آب مزارع نیشکر بر برخی خصوصیات شیمیایی خاک و دانه کینوا در طول یک فصل زراعی صورت گرفته است.
مواد و روش‌ها: آزمایشی مزرعه‌ای در سال زراعی 1397 به صورت کرت‌های خرد شده در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی در سه تکرار در شرکت کشت و صنعت نیشکر میرزا کوچک خان در جنوب غرب استان خوزستان اجرا گردید. در این آزمایش چهار سطح کود اوره (0، 75، 150، 225 کیلوگرم در هکتار) به عنوان فاکتور اصلی و سه سطح زهاب نیشکر شامل شاهد (آب کارون با شوری 5/2 دسی‌زیمنس بر متر) و آبیاری یک در میان (کارون – زهاب نیشکر) و آبیاری با زهاب نیشکر (با شوری 5/7 دسی‌زیمنس بر متر) به عنوان فاکتور فرعی در نظر گرفته شد. کاشت بذر به صورت جوی و پشته‌ای.با فاصله دو بوته 10-7 سانتی‌متر و فاصله خطوط 65 سانتی‌متر با دست انجام شد. اعمال تیمارهای آبیاری در مرحله استقرار گیاهچه انجام شد. قبل از آبیاری نمونه رطوبت خاک گرفته شده و آبیاری برای رسیدن رطوبت تا حد ظرفیت زراعی انجام گردید. برای آبیاری با زهاب، از آب شور زهکش‌های کشت و صنعت استفاده گردید. نمونه خاک در پایان دوره کشت کینوا از عمق 50-0 سانتیمتری هر کرت آزمایشی تهیه شد. در پایان دوره رشد کینوا، دانه‌های کینوا هر تیمار به طور جداگانه مورد آنالیز شیمیایی قرار گرفت.
یافته‌ها: نتایج تحقیق حاضر نشان داد اثر متقابل کاربرد تیمارها بر میانگین شوری خاک، پتاسیم محلول خاک و غلظت نیتروژن، و پتاسیم و سدیم دانه کینوا از لحاظ آماری معنی‌دار بود اما اثر معنی‌دار بر pH و غلظت سدیم خاک، غلظت فسفر و آهن دانه کینوا مشاهده نگردید. شوری خاک درانتهای فصل زراعی کینوا نسبت به ابتدای فصل در کرت‌های با آبیاری کارون کاهش و در تیمارهای آبیاری یک‌درمیان و زهاب افزایش نشان داد. بیشترین میانگین نیتروژن دانه کینوا (94/2 درصد) از سطح 150 کیلوگرم اوره در هکتار با آبیاری یک در میان حاصل شد که منجر به 56 درصد افزایش شد. با افزایش کاربرد کود اوره در خاک، افزایش تدریجی محتوی نیتروژن کل دانه کینوا مشاهده گردید. در کلیه سطوح شوری افزایش کود اوره باعث کاهش میزان سدیم دانه کینوا شد. کود اوره توانست جذب پتاسیم را که در شرایط شور به دلیل سمیت سدیم کاهش می‌یابد، بهبود بخشد.
نتیجه‌گیری: نتایج این مطالعه نشان داد که نیتروژن کافی می‌تواند یک راهکار فیزیولوژیکی مناسب افزایش تحمل اثرات زیان‌بار شوری در کینوا باشد و با توجه به طبیعت شورزیست گیاه کینوا، در مدیریت آبیاری یکدرمیان افزایش شوری خاک تا حد متوسط باعث بهبود شرایط رشد مرفولوژیک و کیفیت دانه کینوا گردید. توصیه می‌شود جهت استفاده بهینه از آب کارون و دستیابی به عملکرد بالا کینوا، آبیاری یکدرمیان جایگزین آبیاری کارون گردد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

The effect of urea fertilizer application and sugarcane field drainage on some soil properties, grain yield and nutrient concentrations in quinoa seeds

نویسندگان [English]

  • payvand papan 1
  • Abdolamir Moezzi 2
  • mostafa choorom 3
  • afrasyab rahnama 4
1 KWPA
2 Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz
3 3. Professor, Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Soil Engineering, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz. Ahwaz. Iran
4 4. Assistant Professor, Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering, Shahid Chamran University, Ahvaz. Ahwaz. Iran
چکیده [English]

Abstract
Background and purpose: One of the ways to use and exploit saline water and lands is to use salinity tolerant cultivars such as quinoa. Management of nutrients such as nitrogen in saline soils can have negative effects of salinity on growth and yield. Cut plants. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of different levels of urea fertilizer under irrigation conditions of sugarcane fields on some chemical properties of soil and quinoa seeds during a growing season.

Materials and Methods: A field experiment was conducted in the year 2018 in the form of split plots in a randomized complete block design with three replications in Mirza Kuchak Khan Sugarcane Cultivation and Industry Company in the southwest of Khuzestan province. In this experiment, four levels of urea fertilizer (0, 75, 150, 225 kg/ha) as the main factor and three levels of sugarcane drainage including control (Karun water with salinity of 2.5 dS-Siemens per meter) and irrigation one in between ( Karun - sugarcane drainage) and sugarcane drainage irrigation (with salinity of 7.5 dS / m) were considered as sub-factors. Seed sowing was done in the form of barley and ridges with a distance of 7-10 cm between two plants and a distance of 65 cm between the lines by hand. Irrigation treatments were applied at the seedling establishment stage. Before irrigation, soil moisture samples were taken and irrigation was done to reach the moisture content of the field capacity. For irrigation with drainage, saline water of agricultural and industrial drains was used. Soil samples were taken at the end of the quinoa cultivation period from a depth of 0-50 cm per experimental plot. At the end of quinoa growth period, quinoa seeds were chemically analyzed separately for each treatment.

Results: The results of the present study showed that the interaction effect of treatments on mean soil salinity, soil soluble potassium and nitrogen, potassium and sodium concentrations of quinoa seeds was statistically significant but had a significant effect on soil acidity and sodium concentration, phosphorus and grain iron concentrations. Quinoa not observed. Soil salinity decreased at the end of Quinoa crop season compared to the beginning of the season in plots with Karun irrigation and increased in intermediate and drainage irrigation treatments. The highest average quinoa nitrogen (2.94%) was obtained from the level of 150 kg N / ha with one irrigation, which resulted in an increase of 56%. With increasing application of urea fertilizer in soil, a gradual increase in total nitrogen content of quinoa was observed. At all salinity levels, increasing urea fertilizer decreased the quinoa sodium content. Urea fertilizer was able to improve the absorption of potassium, which is reduced in saline conditions due to sodium toxicity.

Conclusion: The results of this study showed that sufficient nitrogen can be a suitable physiological solution to increase tolerance to the harmful effects of salinity in quinoa and due to the salinity nature of quinoa, in moderate irrigation management, increasing soil salinity to moderate Morphological growth conditions and grain quality of quinoa. It is recommended to replace Karun irrigation with intermittent irrigation in order to make optimal use of Karun water and achieve high quinoa yield.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Nitrogen
  • Potassium
  • Quinoa
  • Sodium
  • Sugarcane drainage

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مجله مدیریت خاک و تولید پایدار
دوره 11، شماره 2
شهریور 1400
صفحه 71-90

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