تاثیر سه باکتری‌ Bacillus safensis، B. pumilus و Zhihengliuella halotolerans جداسازی شده از ریزوسفر گیاهان شورپسند بر برخی خصوصیات فیزیولوژیکی گندم رقم قدس تحت تنش شوری

نوع مقاله : مقاله کامل علمی پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشیار، گروه محیط زیست، دانشگاه یزد،

2 گروه مدیریت بیابان، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه یزد

3 دانشیار، گروه علوم خاک، دانشگاه یزد

4 استادیار، گروه جنگل و مرتع، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان یزد

چکیده

سابقه و هدف: کاهش تولید گندم به‌دلیل تنش شوری، از مهمترین چالش‏های امنیت غذایی در سراسر جهان است. باکتری‌های ریزوسفری با ساز و کارهایی از قبیل تعدیل هورمون‏های گیاهی، قابل دسترس نمودن عناصر مغذی برای گیاه و مقابله با عوامل بیماری‏زا باعث کاهش تاثیر تنش شوری بر گیاهان از جمله گندم می‌شوند. این پژوهش با هدف افزایش مقاومت به شوری گندم با استفاده از باکتری‌های محرک رشد مقاوم به شوری جداسازی شده از ریزوسفر چند گیاه شورپسند خودروی استان یزد طراحی و اجرا گردید.
مواد و روش‌ها: صفات محرک رشد و مقاومت به شوری باکتری‌های جداسازی شده از ریزوسفر گیاهان آتریپلکس، اشنان، گز و سنبله نمکی بررسی گردید. در ادامه، بذر گندم با باکتری‏های برتر از لحاظ صفات محرک رشد و مقاوم به شوری شاملBacillus safensis، Bacillus pumilus و Zhihengliuella halotolerans مایه‌زنی شده و پس از کشت گلدانی در گلخانه با آب با شوری‌های 4، 8 و 16 دسی زیمنس بر متر آبیاری گردید. در طول دوره رشد، شاخص‌های فیزیولوژیکی از جمله میزان کلروفیلa، کلروفیلb و کلروفیل کل، پرولین، آنتی‌اکسیدان‏ها، فنل و قندهای محلول کل در برگ اندازه‌گیری شدند.
یافته‌ها: هر سه باکتری مورد بررسی قادر به تولید اکسین بودند. بیشترین مقدار تولید اکسین در باکتری B. safensis معادل 72/29 میکروگرم بر میلی‌لیتر اندازه‌گیری شد. هرسه باکتری قادر به تولید سیانید هیدروژن بودند و بیشترین مقدار تولید سیانید هیدروژن در باکتری Z. halotolerans با درجه 5 (بسیار بالا) مشاهده شد. هر سه باکتری قادر به تولید سیدروفور بودند. تولید ACC دآمیناز در هر سه باکتری مشاهده شد و بیشترین مقدار آن در باکتری B. pumilus به مقدار 8 میکروگرم بر میلی‌لیتر اندازه‌گیری شد. توانایی انحلال فسفات . halotolerans Z بیشتر از دو برابر باکتری B. safensis بود. نتیجه تجزیه برگ گندم نشان داد در تیمار بدون باکتری با افزایش شوری، محتوای کلروفیل نسبت به سطح شوری شاهد (2/0 دسی‌زیمنس بر متر) کاهش ولی در عوض مقدار پرولین، فعالیت آنتی‌اکسیدانی، مقدار فنل و مقدار قند‌های محلول افزایش یافت. استفاده از باکتری‌ها، باعث افزایش کلروفیل a، کلروفیل b، کلروفیل کل، پرولین، فعالیت آنزیم‌های آنتی‌اکسیدانی، فنل و قندهای محلول کل درگندم تحت شرایط شوری نسبت به تیمار بدون باکتری گردید.
نتیجه‌گیری: باکتری‌های محرک رشد مورد بررسی با دارا بودن مجموعه ساز و کارهای محرک رشد باعث بهبود معنی‌دار مقاومت گندم به تنش شوری شد لذا برای کاهش اثرات شوری بر گندم در شرایط آبیاری با آب شور می‌توان از باکتری‌های مورد بررسی در این آزمایش استفاده کرد. B. safensis در شوری 8 دسی‌زیمنس بر متر بیش از دو باکتری دیگر موجب ارتقاء شاخص‏های فیزیولوژیک مقاومت به شوری گندم شد. از آنجا که این آزمایش در شرایط گلخانه انجام شد، پیشنهاد می‌شود برای تکمیل یافته‌ها این آزمایش در شرایط مزرعه هم انجام گیرد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

The effects of Bacillus safensis, B. pumilus and Zhihengliuella halotolerans isolated from rhizosphere of halophyte plants on some physiological characteristics of Triticum aestivum (var. Ghods) under salinity

نویسندگان [English]

  • Asghar Mosleh arany 1
  • Alireza Amini Hajiabadi 2
  • Somayeh Ghasemi 3
  • Mohammad Hadi Rad 4
1 yazd university
2 Faculty of Natural Resources, Yazd University, and Central Office of Natural Resources & Watershed Management. Yazd
3 Associate Prof. Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Natural Resources, Yazd University,
4 Yazd Agricultural and Nutural Resources Research Center, Yazd
چکیده [English]

Background and Objectives: Reducing wheat production due to salinity stress is one of the most important food security challenges worldwide. Plant rhizosphere bacteria reduce the effect of salinity stress on plants, including wheat, by mechanisms such as modulating plant hormones, making nutrients available to the plant, and combating pathogens. This study was designed and performed with the aim of increasing the salinity resistance of wheat (var. Ghods) using salinity-resistant growth-promoting bacteria isolated from the rhizosphere of several halophyte plants in Yazd province.
Materials and Methods: Growth-promoting traits and salinity resistance of bacteria isolated from rhizosphere of plants Atriplex lentiformis (Torr.) S. Watson، Tamarix ramosissima Ledeb. Seidlitzia rosmarinus Ehrenb. ex Bois and Halostachys belangeriana (Moq.) Botsch. were investigated. Wheat seeds were inoculated with superior bacteria in terms of growth-promoting traits and salinity resistance, including Bacillus safensis, Bacillus pumilus and Zhihengliuella halotolerans. During the growth period, physiological parameters of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and total chlorophyll, proline, enzymatic activity of antioxidants, phenol and total soluble sugars in the leaves were measured.
Results: All three bacteria were able to produce auxin. The highest amount of auxin production was measured in B. safensis (29.72 μg / ml). All three bacteria were able to produce hydrogen cyanide and the highest amount of hydrogen cyanide production was observed in Z. halotolerans with grade 5 (very high). All three bacteria were able to produce siderophore. ACC deaminase production was observed in all three bacteria and the highest amount was measured in B. pumilus at 8 μg / ml. Ability to dissolve phosphate in Z. halotolerans was more than twice that of B. safensis. The results of wheat leaf analysis showed that with increasing salinity, (without bacteria inouculation) chlorophyll content in all treatments decreased, instead the amount of proline, antioxidant activity, the amount of phenol and the amount of soluble sugars decreased compared to the control (0.2 ds/m). The use of bacteria increases chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll, proline, total phenol, total antioxidants and total soluble sugar compared to without bacteria inoculation treatment.
Conclusion: The growth-promoting bacteria under study with a set of growth-promoting mechanisms significantly improved the resistance of wheat to salinity stress. Therefore, the bacteria studied in this experiment can be used to reduce the effects of salinity on wheat var Qhods under saline irrigation. B. safensis, in salinity of 8 ds/m, more than the other two bacteria, improved the physiological indices of salinity resistance of Qods wheat. Since this experiment was performed under greenhouse conditions, it is recommended that this experiment be performed in field conditions to complete the findings.
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کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Bacteria
  • Rhizosphere
  • salinity
  • wheat

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مجله مدیریت خاک و تولید پایدار
دوره 11، شماره 2
شهریور 1400
صفحه 121-142

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