تأثیر بیوچارهای مختلف بر غلظت روی (Zn) استخراج شده با DTPA از دو خاک اسیدی و قلیایی دارای مقادیر متفاوتZn در دوره انکوباسیون یک‌ساله

نوع مقاله : مقاله کامل علمی پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری ،گروه علوم خاک، دانشگاه تبریز

2 دانشیار ، گروه علوم خاک، دانشگاه تبریز،

3 استاد، گروه علوم خاک، دانشگاه تبریز

4 استاد ، گروه علوم خاک، دانشگاه تبریز

چکیده

چکیده
سابقه و هدف: روی (Zn) در غلظت‌های کم به‌عنوان یک عنصر ضروری برای رشد گیاهان و در غلظت‌های بالا، به‌عنوان فلز سنگین و آلاینده خاک عمل می‌کند. از بیوچار برای بهبود کیفیت خاک، افزایش رشد گیاهان و کاهش فراهمی فلزهای سنگین در خاک‌های آلوده استفاده می‌شود. رفتار بیوچار در خاک و اثر آن بر فراهمی Zn، به نوع زیست‌توده و دمای پیرولیز بستگی دارد. هدف از این پژوهش، بررسی اثر بیوچارهای تولید شده بر فراهمی Zn در دو خاک اسیدی و قلیایی دارای مقادیر متفاوت Zn کاربردی، در طی انکوباسیون یک‌ساله بود.
مواد و روش‌ها: آزمایشی به‌صورت فاکتوریل اسپلیت در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی در دو خاک اسیدی و قلیای، با دو فاکتور نوع بیوچار در نه سطح و زمان استخراج در 12 سطح و با دو تکرار انجام شد. چهار نوع بیوچار از زیست‌توده‌های کاه و کلش برنج (RB) و ضایعات چوب درخت سیب (WB) در دو دمای پیرولیز (300 و 600 درجه سلسیوس) تولید شدند. دو نمونه خاک اسیدی (8/5=pH) و قلیایی (1/8=pH) انتخاب وسه سطح (صفر، 10 و 200 میلی‌گرم بر کیلوگرم) Zn از منبع سولفات روی (ZnSO4.7H2O) به آن‌ها افزوده شد. بیوچارها در دو سطح (1 و 4 درصد وزنی) به خاک‌ها افزوده شده و به مدت 360 روز در دمای 2±25 درجه سلسیوس و رطوبت حدود ظرفیت مزرعه‌ای نگهداری شدند. در 12 زمان مختلف (25/0، 1، 3، 5، 15، 30، 60، 90، 120، 180، 270 و 360 روز)، pH، EC، رطوبت و Zn استخراج شده با DTPA در 1296 نمونه خاک مورد مطالعه اندازه‌گیری شدند.
یافته‌ها: در خاک اسیدی و در سطح Zn=200 mg kg-1 کاربردی، سطوح 1 و 4 درصد بیوچارها موجب کاهش معنادار غلظت DTPA-Zn شدند و با گذشت زمان، غلظت DTPA-Zn به‌طورمعنادار کاهش یافت (p<0.05). بیش‌ترین کاهش (48 درصد) مربوط به تیمار 4% RB600 در 360 روز بود (p<0.05). در سطح بدون Zn (Zn=0) و Zn=10 mg kg-1 در خاک اسیدی، افزایش معنادار غلظت DTPA-Zn در تیمارهای 4% RB300، 1% RB400 و 4% RB600 حاصل شد اما گذشت زمان، موجب کاهش معنادار آن شد. تیمار 4% WB300 با افزایش زمان، موجب کاهش معنادار غلظت DTPA-Zn نسبت به خاک بدون بیوچار شد. افزایش معنادار pH خاک اسیدی در تیمارهای 4% RB600 و 4% WB600 و کاهش معنادار آن در 4% WB300، در طول 360 روز انکوباسیون مشاهده شد. در خاک قلیایی و در سطح بدون Zn (Zn=0)، بیش‌ترین افزایش غلظت DTPA-Zn، در تیمار 4% RB600 نسبت به خاک بدون بیوچار به‌دست آمد ولی افزایش زمان، موجب کاهش معنادار آن شد. در خاک قلیایی و در سطح Zn=10، فقط تیمار 4% WB300 توانست باعث کاهش معنادار غلظت DTPA-Zn با گذشت زمان شود. در همین خاک در سطح Zn=200، کاهش معنادار غلظت DTPA-Zn، در تیمارهای 4% RB300، 1% RB600، 4% RB600 و 4% WB300 مشاهده شد. کاهش معنادار pH خاک قلیایی در تیمارهای 4% RB300 و 4% WB300 و افزایش هدایت الکتریکی (EC) در هر دو خاک اسیدی و قلیایی در تیمارهای بیوچار کاه و کلش برنج مشاهده شد.
نتیجه‌گیری: کاربرد بیوچار کاه و کلش برنج (پیرولیز شده در 600 درجه سلسیوس) موجب کاهش فراهمی Zn در خاک‌های اسیدی و قلیایی با سطح بالای Zn کاربردی (Zn=200) شد، بر فراهمی Zn در سطوح کم (صفر و mg kg-1 10) اثر منفی نداشت و در سطح بدون کاربرد Zn (Zn=0)، موجب افزایش غلظت DTPA-Zn در هر دو نوع خاک شد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

The effects of various biochars on concentration of DTPA extractable-zinc from acidic and alkaline soils with different amounts of Zn in one year incubation period

نویسندگان [English]

  • Masoumeh Faryadi Shahgoli 1
  • Adel Reyhanitabar 2
  • Nosratollah Najafi 3
  • Shahin Oustan 4
1 Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz,
2 Professor Associate of University of tabriz
3 Professor, Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz,
4 Professor, Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz
چکیده [English]

Background and Objectives: Zinc (Zn) is an essential element for plants growth at low concentrations and at high concentrations, it acts as a heavy metal and soil pollutant. Biochar is used to improve soil quality, plant growth and also to reduce the availability of heavy metals in contaminated soils. The biochar behavior in soil and its effect on Zn availability rely on the feedstock nature and pyrolysis temperature. This study aimed to investigate the effects of produced biochars on Zn bioavaiability in two acidic and alkaline soils with different levels of applied Zn, during one year-long incubation.
Materials and Methods: The experiment was conducted as a factorial split arrangement in a completely randomized design in two acidic and alkaline soils, with two factors including biochar types at 9 levels and extraction times at 12 levels with two replications. Four types of biochar were produced from rice straw (RB) and apple wood waste (WB) biomasses at two pyrolysis temperatures (300 and 600 °C). Two acidic (pH=5.8) and alkaline (pH=8.1) soils were collected and treated with 3 levels of Zn (0, 10, and 200 mg kg-1) from zinc sulfate (ZnSO4.7H2O) source. Biochars were added to soils in two doses (1 and 4 % w/w) and incubated at around FC moisture condition for 360 days at 25±2◦C. The pH, EC, moisture content and DTPA extractable-Zn were measured in the studied soils at 12 designated extraction times (0.25, 1, 3, 5, 15, 30, 60, 90, 120, 180, 270 and 360 day).
Results: In acidic soil and Zn level of 200 mg kg-1, levels of 1 and 4 % biochars caused the significant decrease in DTPA-Zn concentration and the elapsing of time had a significant effect on the reduction of DTPA-Zn concentration and maximum decrease (48 %) was observed in the treatment of 4% RB600 and 360th day (p<0.05). At the Zn levels of 0 and 10 mg kg-1, in acidic soil, DTPA-Zn concentration was significantly increased in 4% RB300, 1% RB600, and 4% RB600 treatments, and passage of time had a decreasing effect on it and DTPA-Zn concentration significantly reduced with time in 4% WB300 treatment compared to the control (without biochar). A significant increase of pH in acidic soil was observed in 4% RB600 and 4% WB600 treatments during the 360 days of incubation while the significant decrease was showed in 4% WB300 treatment. In alkaline soil and under Zn=0, the maximum increment of DTPA-Zn concentration compared to the control (without biochar) was obtained in 4% RB600 treatment but the elapsing of time had a significant reduction effect on it. In alkaline soil at Zn level of 10 mg kg-1, only the 4% WB300 treatment could significantly decrease the concentration of DTPA-Zn over time, but in the same soil at the level Zn of 200 mg kg-1, the significant decrease of DTPA-Zn concentration was observed at the 4% RB300, 1% RB600, 4% RB600 and WB300 4% treatments. A significant decrease in alkaline soil pH was observed in the 4% RB300 and 4% WB300 treatments and an increase in electrical conductivity (EC) in both acidic and alkaline soils was observed in rice straw-derived biochars treatments.
Conclusion: Although the application of rice straw derived biochar (pyrolysis at 600 °C) decreased the availability of Zn in both acid and alkaline soils with the high level of Zn (200 mg kg-1), it did not have a negative effect on Zn availability in normal levels of Zn (0 and 10 mg kg-1) and even increased the concentration of DTPA-Zn in both acidic and alkaline soils under without Zn application conditions.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • DTPA-Zn
  • Incubation
  • Polluted soil
  • Straw
  • Wood

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مجله مدیریت خاک و تولید پایدار
دوره 11، شماره 3
آذر 1400
صفحه 29-52

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