تاثیر سطوح مختلف منابع سیلیسیم و رژیم‌های آبیاری بر پارامترهای فتوسنتزی برنج (رقم طارم هاشمی)

نوع مقاله : مقاله کامل علمی پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانش‌آموخته دکتری ،گروه علوم خاک، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری

2 استاد، گروه علوم خاک، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری،

3 دانشیار، گروه علوم خاک، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری

4 دانشیار، گروه علوم پایه، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری

چکیده

سابقه و هدف: پارامترهای فتوسنتزی حساس‌ترین فرایند در متابولیسم فیزیولوژیکی گیاهان هستند؛ که تحت تاثیر رژیم آبیاری و کوددهی سیلیسیم قرار می‌گیرند. به‌طوری‌که، سیلیسیم یکی از عناصر تاثیرگذار بر افزایش نرخ خالص فتوسنتز برگ، کارآیی مصرف آب، هدایت روزنه‌ای و دی اکسید کربن بین سلولی می‌باشد. هدف از این تحقیق بررسی اثرات سطوح مختلف منابع سیلیسیم و رژیم-های متفاوت آبیاری بر پارامترهای فتوسنتزی و وزن خشک کاه برنج بود.
مواد و روش‌ها: به منظور ارزیابی تأثیر سطوح مختلف منابع سیلیسیم و رژیم‌های متفاوت آبیاری بر پارامترهای فتوسنتزی گیاه برنج (Oryza sative L.) رقم طارم هاشمی، آزمایشی گلدانی در دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری در سال 1397 صورت پذیرفت. آزمایش بصورت اسپیلت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح کاملا تصادفی و با سه تکرار انجام شد. در این طرح، بافت خاک در دو نوع مختلف لومی‌شنی (S1) و رسی‌سیلتی (S2) به عنوان فاکتور اصلی و رژیم آبیاری در دو نوع غرقاب دائم (W1) و آبیاری متناوب تری-خشکی (W2) و منابع مختلف سیلیسیم مانند سیلیکات پتاسیم (Ps)، سیلیکات سدیم (Ss)، سیلیکات کلسیم (Cs) و بایوچار پوسته برنج (Bi) در دو سطح 60 و 120 میلی‌گرم سیلیسیم بر کیلوگرم به عنوان فاکتورهای فرعی طرح در نظر گرفته شده بود. پس از رشد گیاه تحت تیمار سطوح مختلف منابع سیلیسیم و رژیم‌های متفاوت آبیاری، ماده خشک توده گیاهی و پارامترهای فتوسنتزی از قبیل محتوای رطوبت نسب برگ، شدت تعرق، هدایت روزنه‌ای، شاخص کلروفیل و میزان فتوسنتز گیاهان برنج اندازه-گیری شدند.
یافته‌ها: نتایج نشان داد که در میان منابع سیلیسیم، بیشترین افزایش میزان رطوبت نسبی برگ (80/63 درصد)، شدت تعرق (mmol m-2s-1 03/12)، هدایت روزنه‌ای (mmolm-2s-1 79/384)، شاخص کلروفیل (00/55)، میزان فتوسنتز (µmolm-2s-1 33/24) و وزن ماده خشک کاه (3/33 گرم در گلدان) در گیاهان تحت تیمار سیلیکات پتاسیم با سطح 120 میلی‌گرم سیلیسیم بر کیلوگرم از خاک رسی‌سیلتی با آبیاری غرقاب دائم مشاهده شده بود؛ و کمترین پارامترهای فتوسنتزی و وزن ماده خشک کاه در تیمار بدون اعمال منابع سیلیسیم خاک لومی‌شنی با آبیاری متناوب تری-خشکی مشاهده شد. علاوه بر این، در میان تیمارهای خاک لومی‌شنی، گیاهان تحت تیمار بایوچار با سطح 120 میلی‌گرم سیلیسیم بر کیلوگرم با آبیاری غرقاب دائم، بیشترین محتوای رطوبت نسبی برگ (95/58 درصد)، شدت تعرق (mmol m-2s-1 20/11)، هدایت روزنه‌ای (mmolm-2s-1 32/340)، شاخص کلروفیل (80/51)، میزان فتوسنتز (µmolm-2s-1 55/19) و وزن ماده خشک توده گیاهی (6/18 گرم در گلدان) را نشان دادند. قابل ذکر است که در خاک لومی‌شنی با آبیاری متناوب، گیاهان تحت تیمار سیلیکات پتاسیم و سیلیکات سدیم در سطح 120 میلی‌گرم سیلیسیم بر کیلوگرم، کاهشی را در پارامترهای فتوسنتزی و وزن ماده خشک کاه نشان دادند؛ که می‌تواند نشاندهنده اثر ممانعتی غلظت‌های بالای این عنصر بر کارکرد فتوسنتز باشد.
نتیجه‌گیری: پارامترهای فتوسنتزی گیاهان و وزن ماده خشک کاه در رژیم آبیاری متناوب تری-خشکی نسبت به آبیاری غرقاب دائم تا حدودی کاهش داشته است. با این حال، اعمال منابع سیلیسیم به هر دو بافت خاک در هر دو رژیم آبیاری موجب بهبود میزان رطوبت نسـبی برگ، شـدت تعـرق، هـدایت روزنـه‌ای، میزان کلروفیل، میزان فتوسـنتز و وزن ماده خشک کاه نسبت به تیمارهای شاهد گردید. این امر بیانگر اثر حفاظتی سیلیسیم بر گیاه در رژیم کم‌آبیاری می‌باشد. لذا به نظر می‌رسد در محدوده این آزمایش، استفاده از سیلیسیم جهت بهبود شرایط فتوسنتز برنج در رژیم آبیاری متناوب رضایتبخش بوده است؛ اما میزان مصرف این عنصر جهت حفظ تعادل خصوصیات خاک و گیاه بسیار مهم است.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

The effect of different levels of silicon sources and irrigation regimes on photosynthetic parameters of rice (Tarom Hashemi cultivar)

نویسندگان [English]

  • yalda Hoseinian Rostami 1
  • mohammadali bahmanyar 2
  • fardin sadeghzade 3
  • Seyed Mostafa Emadi 3
  • pourya bipara 4
1 Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agronomy, Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University, Sari, Iran.
2 Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agronomy, Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University, Sari, Iran.
3 Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agronomy, Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University, Sari, Iran.
4 Department of basic sciences, Sari agricultural sciences and natural resources university, Sari, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Background and adjectives: Photosynthetic parameters are the most sensitive process in the physiological metabolism of plants that are affected by irrigation regime and silicon fertilization. Thus, silicon is one of the effective elements in increasing the net rate of leaf photosynthesis, water use efficiency, stomatal conductance and intercellular carbon dioxide. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the effects of different levels of silicon sources and irrigation regimes on rice.
Materials and methods: A pot experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of different levels of silicon sources and irrigation regimes on rice photosynthetic parameters at Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University in 2018. The experiment was laid out in a split-factorial design with three replications. In this design, soil texture was considered as the main-plot factor, and irrigation regime and different levels of silicon sources as factorial-subplot factors. Factors included two Si doses of 60 and 120 mg Si Kg–1 as potassium silicate (Ps), sodium silicate (Ss), calcium silicate (Cs) and biochar (Bi) sources under two irrigation regimes (continuous flooding (W1) and periodic wetting-drying (W2)) in two soil series with different textures (Sandy-loam (S1) and Silty-clay (S2)). After plant growth, dry matter weight of straw and photosynthetic parameters such as relative leaf moisture content, transpiration intensity, stomata conductance, chlorophyll index and photosynthesis were measured in flag leaf at the flowering stage of rice.
Results: The results showed that the highest leaf relative moisture content (63.80%), transpiration intensity (12.03 mmolm-2s-1), stomata conductance (384.79 mmolm-2s-1), chlorophyll content (55.00), photosynthesis rate (24.33 µmolm-2s-1) and dry matter weight of straw (33.3 gr/pot) were observed in plants treated with potassium silicate at a concentration of 120 mg Si Kg–1 of silty-clay soil under continuous flooding irrigation regime. The lowest dry matter weight of straw and photosynthetic parameters were observed in sandy-loam soil under periodic wetting-drying irrigation regime without using silicon fertilizer. Also, in sandy-loam soil, the leaf relative moisture content (58.95%), transpiration intensity (11.20 mmolm-2s-1), stomata conductance (340.32 mmolm-2s-1), chlorophyll content (51.80), photosynthesis rate (19.55 µmolm-2s-1) and dry matter weight of straw (18.6 gr/pot) was the highest in biochar treatment at a concentration of 120 mg Si Kg–1 under continuous flooding conditions. Also, a decrease in dry matter weight of straw and photosynthetic parameters was observed at the higher Si rates (120 mg Si Kg–1 compared to 60 mg Si Kg–1) in treatments of potassium silicate and sodium silicate in sandy-loam soil under periodic wetting-drying irrigation regime. This may be due to the inhibitory effect of high concentrations of silicon on photosynthetic function.
Conclusion: Although most of the photosynthetic parameters of plants and dry matter weight of starw in periodic wetting and drying irrigation regime were somewhat reduced compared to continuous flooding irrigation regime, application of different sources of silicon to both soil textures under both irrigation regimes improved relative leaf moisture content, transpiration rate, stomata conductance, chlorophyll content, photosynthesis rate and dry matter weight of straw were compared to treatments without silicon fertilizer application. This reflects the protective effect of silicon against low irrigation conditions. Therefore, in the scope of this experiment, it seems that the use of silicon to improve the photosynthetic parameters of rice plant and dry matter weight of straw under low-irrigation regime was satisfactory. But, the amount of use of this element is very important to maintain the balance of soil and plant properties.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • silicon
  • irrigation regime
  • rice
  • photosynthetic parameters
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