ارزیابی وضعیت روی و مدیریت کوددهی سولفات روی (متناسب با فنولوژی رشد) برای مرکبات در خاک‌های آهکی شرق مازندران

نوع مقاله : مقاله کامل علمی پژوهشی

نویسنده

استادیار ، بخش تحقیقات خاک و آب، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی مازندران، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، ساری، ایران

چکیده

سابقه و هدف: درختان مرکبات حساس به کمبود روی هستند و این کمبود، یک ناهنجاری تغذیه‌ای معمول در اغلب درختان مرکبات است. کمبود روی موجب ایجاد تغییرات آناتومی، مورفولوژی و سیتولوژی در مرکبات می‌شود که سبب کاهش شدت گلدهی، تشکیل میوه. عملکرد و پایداری تولید می‌شود. با توجه به محدودیت روی در خاک‌های منطقه و اهمیت اقتصادی مرکبات برای استان مازندران، بررسی وضعیت روی در باغ‌های منطقه و مدیریت مصرف سولفات روی متناسب با فنولوژی رشد و تأثیر آن در رفع کمبود و کیفیت میوه تامسون ناول در این پژوهش انجام شد.
مواد و روش‌ها: به منظور بررسی وضعیت روی در مرکبات منطقه و تأثیر سولفات روی بررفع کمبود، غلظت روی، عملکرد و کیفیت میوه درختان تامسون ناول دو آزمایش مجزا انجام شد. آزمایش اول در باغ‌های مرکبات شرق مازندران و آزمایش دوم در یک باغ بارده تامسون با پایه نارنج در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با هفت تیمار و چهار تکرار اجرا شد. تیمارها شامل: 1- شاهد اول (بدون مصرف سولفات روی)، 2- شاهد دوم (بدون مصرف سولفات روی و با محلول‌پاشی اوره)، 3- مصرف خاکی سولفات روی به مقدار 200 گرم به ازای هر درخت قبل از توسعه برگ‌ها، 4- مصرف سولفات روی به مقدار 200 گرم به ازای هر درخت به صورت کودآبیاری در مرحله اول رشد میوه، 5-مصرف سولفات روی به مقدار 200 گرم به ازای هر درخت در مرحله اول و دوم رشد میوه، 6- محلول‌پاشی سولفات روی با غلظت دو در هزار در مرحله اول رشد میوه، 7- محلول‌پاشی سولفات روی با غلظت دو در هزار در مرحله اول و دوم رشد میوه بودند.
یافته‌ها: نتایج آزمایش اول نشان داد که باغ‌های منطقه بهشهر و گلوگاه کمترین و منطقه قائم‌شهر و جویبار بیشترین محدویت و علائم کمبود روی داشتند. باغ‌هایی که مقدار روی آن‌ها در دامنه " کم" بود اغلب در فصل سرد علائم کلروز در سمت جنوب و جنوب شرق درختان ظاهر می‌شد. نتایج آزمایش دوم نشان داد که مصرف خاکی سولفات روی تأثیری در رفع کلروز، عملکرد، کیفیت میوه، غلظت روی در برگ و میوه نداشت اما مصرف آن به شکل کودآبیاری و محلول‌پاشی موجب افزایش عملکرد، قطر و وزن میوه، و غلظت روی در برگ و میوه شد. بیشترین غلظت روی برگ از تیمار محلول‌پاشی سولفات روی در مرحله اول و دوم رشد میوه حاصل شد. تیمار کودآبیاری موجب افزایش معنی‌داری در غلظت روی ریشه نسبت به شاهد شد.
نتیجه گیری: به طور کلی با توجه به نتایج این آزمایش، باغ‌هایی که سابقه علائم خفیف کمبود روی دارند یا احتمال کمبود روی در آنها وجود دارد، حداقل یک بار کودآبیاری یا محلول‌پاشی سولفات روی در مرحله اول رشد میوه توصیه می‌شود. اما برای باغ-هایی که علائم پایدار یا کلروز شدید روی دارند دو بار کودآبیاری یا محلول‌پاشی سولفات روی، بار اول در مرحله اول رشد میوه و بار دوم در مرحله دوم رشد میوه توصیه می‌شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Investigation of Zinc Status and Management of Zinc Sulfate Application (According to Growth Phenology) for Citrus in Calcareous Soils of East Mazandaran

نویسنده [English]

  • ali asadi kangarshahi
Soil and Water Research Department, Mazandaran Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center
چکیده [English]

Background and Objectives: Citrus trees are sensitive to zinc deficiency and zinc deficiency in citrus trees is a common nutritional disorder that causes changes in the anatomy, morphology and cytology of citrus trees, leading to reduced flowering, fruit set, performance and production stability. Due to the limitation of zinc in the soils and the economic importance of citrus for Mazandaran province, the study of zinc status in citrus orchards and the management of Zn application (accordance to growth phenology) and its effect on Zn deficiency and quality of Thomson Navell fruits were conducted.
Material and Methods: To study zinc(Zn) status and its effect on yield and quality of Thomson navell orange, two separate experiments were conducted in East of Mazandaran Province, Iran. The first experiment was conducted in citrus orchards of the region, and the second, as a randomized complete block design with seven treatments and four replications was conducted in an orchard of Thomson navel on sour orange rootstock. Treatments included: 1- First control (without zinc); 2- Second control (without zinc and with urea spray); 3- 200 g zinc sulfate per tree as soil application, before leaf development; 4- 200 g zinc sulfate per tree as fertigation, in the first stage of fruit growth; 5- 200 g zinc sulfate per tree as fertigation, in the first and second stages of fruit growth; 6- zinc sulfate spraying in the first stage of fruit growth; 7- zinc sulfate spraying in the first and second stages of growth.
Results: The first experiment showed that the orchards of Behshahr and Galogah had the lowest deficiency symptoms and Ghaemshar and Juybar had the most deficiency symptoms. The results of the second experiment showed that soil application before leaf development had no effect on chlorosis, yield, fruit and zinc concentration in leaf and fruit, but its application as fertigation and spraying increased fruit yield, diameter, and fruit weight, in leaf and fruit zinc concentration. The highest leaf Zn concentration was obtained from spray treatment in the first and second stages of fruit growth. Fertigation treatment significantly increased the root Zn concentration compared to the control.
Conclusion: Generally, according to the results of this experiment, for orchards with a history of mild symptoms of zinc deficiency or probable zinc deficiency, the application of zinc sulfate as fertigation or spray after petal fall in the first stage of fruit growth is recommended, However, for orchards that have severe symptoms of zinc chlorosis, two fertigation or foliar application with zinc sulfate at the first and second stages of fruit growth is recommended.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Fertigation
  • Foliar application
  • growth stage
  • soil application
  • Thomson Navell
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